From Subatomic Particles to the Cosmos Mark Oreglia
... with the weak interactions; now they become distinct. – Quark-gluon phase transition. Quarks and gluons become bound into the protons and neutrons we see today. – Primordial nucleosynthesis. Universe cools to a point where protons and neutrons combine to form light atomic nuclei, primarily Helium, D ...
... with the weak interactions; now they become distinct. – Quark-gluon phase transition. Quarks and gluons become bound into the protons and neutrons we see today. – Primordial nucleosynthesis. Universe cools to a point where protons and neutrons combine to form light atomic nuclei, primarily Helium, D ...
A timeline of the universe
... visual light, the kind our eyes respond to. While the neutral hydrogen gas could not absorb cosmic background photons, it efficiently absorbed visual and ultraviolet (UV) light. As soon as neutral hydrogen dominated the universe, visual and UV photons became trapped close to any source producing the ...
... visual light, the kind our eyes respond to. While the neutral hydrogen gas could not absorb cosmic background photons, it efficiently absorbed visual and ultraviolet (UV) light. As soon as neutral hydrogen dominated the universe, visual and UV photons became trapped close to any source producing the ...
Walk Softly When Exploring the Dark Side of the Universe Karl Gebhardt
... telescope combination. We see this in the science, student training, technology development, and engaging the public. ...
... telescope combination. We see this in the science, student training, technology development, and engaging the public. ...
Three of his best known contributions
... 1.What are your values for the Hubble constant, maximum age of the Universe, and the age considering deceleration due to gravity? 2. Identify the galaxy with the highest redshift and state its recessional velocity. What fraction of the speed of light is that galaxy receding from us? 3. Why does the ...
... 1.What are your values for the Hubble constant, maximum age of the Universe, and the age considering deceleration due to gravity? 2. Identify the galaxy with the highest redshift and state its recessional velocity. What fraction of the speed of light is that galaxy receding from us? 3. Why does the ...
Investigate Planets, Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
... between objects in the universe. But since the universe is so large, it is difficult to truly understand these gaps. One way to make this mental leap is to use scale models. By comparing planets, our solar system and even our galaxy with the everyday things, the unimaginable distances in the cosmos ...
... between objects in the universe. But since the universe is so large, it is difficult to truly understand these gaps. One way to make this mental leap is to use scale models. By comparing planets, our solar system and even our galaxy with the everyday things, the unimaginable distances in the cosmos ...
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis - Chalmers
... The situation has since changed entirely in light of new precise measurements of the CMB, which have been used to fix the baryon density [1, 3]. Thus, the last unknown in BBN calculations has been deduced, which in turn determines the primeval abundances of the light elements. Therefore, it is now p ...
... The situation has since changed entirely in light of new precise measurements of the CMB, which have been used to fix the baryon density [1, 3]. Thus, the last unknown in BBN calculations has been deduced, which in turn determines the primeval abundances of the light elements. Therefore, it is now p ...
The universe as a whole would have continued expanding and
... observations, Friedmann’s work remained largely unknown in the West. It became known only after similar models were discovered in 1935 by the American physicist Howard Robertson and the British mathematician Arthur Walker, in response to Hubble’s discovery of the uniform expansion of the universe. A ...
... observations, Friedmann’s work remained largely unknown in the West. It became known only after similar models were discovered in 1935 by the American physicist Howard Robertson and the British mathematician Arthur Walker, in response to Hubble’s discovery of the uniform expansion of the universe. A ...
6 The mysterious universe
... releases vast amounts of energy. enough to be seen with the naked eye. The collapse continues under the influence of gravity, forming visible globules in the nebula cloud. As the globules collapse further, the formation of any original gas A quick glance around the night sky shows us that cloud is a ...
... releases vast amounts of energy. enough to be seen with the naked eye. The collapse continues under the influence of gravity, forming visible globules in the nebula cloud. As the globules collapse further, the formation of any original gas A quick glance around the night sky shows us that cloud is a ...
The Galaxy Luminosity Function
... Half of the luminosity density is contributed by galaxies with L/L* > ½. Though the number density diverges, we can determine the number density of galaxies in units of Milky Ways, ...
... Half of the luminosity density is contributed by galaxies with L/L* > ½. Though the number density diverges, we can determine the number density of galaxies in units of Milky Ways, ...
The Static Universe of Walther Nernst
... urements of specific heats at low temperatures. Then, in 1911, Nernst organized the first Solvay Conference, where Einstein gave the summary talk on the problem. From this foundation, Nernst was able to grapple with the problem of the Wärmetod, or heat death of the Universe. Rudolph Clausius had fi ...
... urements of specific heats at low temperatures. Then, in 1911, Nernst organized the first Solvay Conference, where Einstein gave the summary talk on the problem. From this foundation, Nernst was able to grapple with the problem of the Wärmetod, or heat death of the Universe. Rudolph Clausius had fi ...
2. The World at Large: From the Big Bang to Black Holes
... Sun will exist as a quietly shining star for a substantial amount of time. Mankind has just started its evolution as an intelligent lifeform. If they do not perish prematurely, our offspring will advance, during the billions of years of their future, far beyond Earth to distant solar systems. Even i ...
... Sun will exist as a quietly shining star for a substantial amount of time. Mankind has just started its evolution as an intelligent lifeform. If they do not perish prematurely, our offspring will advance, during the billions of years of their future, far beyond Earth to distant solar systems. Even i ...
Full text in PDF form
... define the gravitational cross section in terms of the effectiveness in momentum transfer. This is assumed to occur by means of the absorption of the gravity quanta, which need to have their momentum opposite to their velocity. The maximum gravitational interaction from a source M would be spread ov ...
... define the gravitational cross section in terms of the effectiveness in momentum transfer. This is assumed to occur by means of the absorption of the gravity quanta, which need to have their momentum opposite to their velocity. The maximum gravitational interaction from a source M would be spread ov ...
chap8 (WP)
... universe is one component of the Big Bang model. At earlier times, the distances between galaxies were much smaller than they are now, and at future times they will be much greater. The word "expand" does not imply that the universe has a finite size. Rather, it means that the density of the univers ...
... universe is one component of the Big Bang model. At earlier times, the distances between galaxies were much smaller than they are now, and at future times they will be much greater. The word "expand" does not imply that the universe has a finite size. Rather, it means that the density of the univers ...
On the Identical Simulation of the Entire Universe
... gravitational constant G can be calculated mathematically; mass [1] is the photon mass and mu = c /2G mass [1] is the but light speed must be known in the same manner as it was total mass of the universe, then this velocity of v must be the said the above. As light speed, i think it is a deceleratio ...
... gravitational constant G can be calculated mathematically; mass [1] is the photon mass and mu = c /2G mass [1] is the but light speed must be known in the same manner as it was total mass of the universe, then this velocity of v must be the said the above. As light speed, i think it is a deceleratio ...
Expanding Universe and Big Bang
... developed to measure astronomical distances. Next he turned his attention to Slipher’s puzzling results – why were galaxies so much more likely to be moving away from the Milky Way? Surely, if they were all randomly distributed throughout the cosmos, they should be as likely to go one way as another ...
... developed to measure astronomical distances. Next he turned his attention to Slipher’s puzzling results – why were galaxies so much more likely to be moving away from the Milky Way? Surely, if they were all randomly distributed throughout the cosmos, they should be as likely to go one way as another ...
Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way
... would have taken longer to achieve this separation since the Big Bang than they otherwise would have. However, as more careful examinations of uncertainties associated with stellar evolution were performed, as well as refined estimates of the parameters that govern stellar evolution, the lower limit ...
... would have taken longer to achieve this separation since the Big Bang than they otherwise would have. However, as more careful examinations of uncertainties associated with stellar evolution were performed, as well as refined estimates of the parameters that govern stellar evolution, the lower limit ...
The formation and evolution of galaxies
... • Will measure accurate photometry for 100 million objects • Redshifts (and star formation rates) for 1 million galaxies and 100,000 quasars. Out to z=0.2 About 1 Gpc, or 2.7 billion light years The age of the Universe is ~13.7 billion years, so these galaxies are still relatively nearby ...
... • Will measure accurate photometry for 100 million objects • Redshifts (and star formation rates) for 1 million galaxies and 100,000 quasars. Out to z=0.2 About 1 Gpc, or 2.7 billion light years The age of the Universe is ~13.7 billion years, so these galaxies are still relatively nearby ...
Critical Content/Concept Web
... 6. Does our understanding gravity and fusion support the Solar Nebula Hypothesis of solar system formation? 1. What are the conditions necessary for life? 2. Did the discovery of thermal vent in the ocean depths change or concept of the conditions for life? 3. If you were looking for life on other p ...
... 6. Does our understanding gravity and fusion support the Solar Nebula Hypothesis of solar system formation? 1. What are the conditions necessary for life? 2. Did the discovery of thermal vent in the ocean depths change or concept of the conditions for life? 3. If you were looking for life on other p ...
here - Oxford Astrophysics
... Our location in the visible universe is highly atypical. For example, most places are devoid of matter. In the multiverse, we cannot expect to be in a typical place, any more than we would in the visible universe. But as in any other theory, we should expect that our observations are typical among a ...
... Our location in the visible universe is highly atypical. For example, most places are devoid of matter. In the multiverse, we cannot expect to be in a typical place, any more than we would in the visible universe. But as in any other theory, we should expect that our observations are typical among a ...
File
... Now that we’ve discovered it, how is it that we prove it? Dark matter's existence is purely based on gravitational effects on visible matter and gravitational lensing around background radiation. Gravitational lensing is fairly simple but very difficult to explain. When we look out at a galaxy, the ...
... Now that we’ve discovered it, how is it that we prove it? Dark matter's existence is purely based on gravitational effects on visible matter and gravitational lensing around background radiation. Gravitational lensing is fairly simple but very difficult to explain. When we look out at a galaxy, the ...
Astronomy and the Bible
... contract under their own weight to form stars. This process has never been observed, but if it did occur, it would take many human lifetimes. It is known that clouds do not spontaneously collapse to form stars. The clouds possess considerable mass, but they are so large that their gravity is very fe ...
... contract under their own weight to form stars. This process has never been observed, but if it did occur, it would take many human lifetimes. It is known that clouds do not spontaneously collapse to form stars. The clouds possess considerable mass, but they are so large that their gravity is very fe ...
Ch. 22
... • (1) Recollapsing universe: the expansion will someday halt and reverse. (2) Critical universe: the universe will never collapse but will expand more and more slowly with time. (3) Coasting universe: the universe will continue to expand forever, with little change in the rate of expansion. (4) Acce ...
... • (1) Recollapsing universe: the expansion will someday halt and reverse. (2) Critical universe: the universe will never collapse but will expand more and more slowly with time. (3) Coasting universe: the universe will continue to expand forever, with little change in the rate of expansion. (4) Acce ...
Slow decay of magnetic fields in open Friedmann universes
... affected by the electric currents of the post-inflation universe. In such a case, an evolution law of a1 during the whole of the radiation epoch, will add several orders of magnitude to the residual B field. For example, the above quoted magnetic seed of 1035 G will ‘‘grow’’ further during the rad ...
... affected by the electric currents of the post-inflation universe. In such a case, an evolution law of a1 during the whole of the radiation epoch, will add several orders of magnitude to the residual B field. For example, the above quoted magnetic seed of 1035 G will ‘‘grow’’ further during the rad ...
f(R) Gravity, Relic Coherent Gravitons and Optical Chaos
... unclustered, non-zero vacuum energy, which, together with the clustered dark matter, drives the global dynamics. This is the so-called “concordance model” (ΛCDM), which gives, in agreement with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, Large Scale Structure and Supernovae Ia data, a good picture of ...
... unclustered, non-zero vacuum energy, which, together with the clustered dark matter, drives the global dynamics. This is the so-called “concordance model” (ΛCDM), which gives, in agreement with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, Large Scale Structure and Supernovae Ia data, a good picture of ...
A New Method To Determine Large Scale Structure From
... Uniqueness of k0 • Sudden jump happens only at RAH 1 k0 rz 3 H0 • The existence of solution extended beyond AH is indicated by transit of cause of stop of integrator between dr 0 and dz 0 . dz dr • We scanned over parameter space k0 1, and found 1 solution. • Not a rigorous proo ...
... Uniqueness of k0 • Sudden jump happens only at RAH 1 k0 rz 3 H0 • The existence of solution extended beyond AH is indicated by transit of cause of stop of integrator between dr 0 and dz 0 . dz dr • We scanned over parameter space k0 1, and found 1 solution. • Not a rigorous proo ...
Flatness problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from the observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to be fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that a small deviation from these values would have had massive effects on the nature of the universe at the current time.In the case of the flatness problem, the parameter which appears fine-tuned is the density of matter and energy in the universe. This value affects the curvature of space-time, with a very specific critical value being required for a flat universe. The current density of the universe is observed to be very close to this critical value. Since the total density departs rapidly from the critical value over cosmic time, the early universe must have had a density even closer to the critical density, departing from it by one part in 1062 or less. This leads cosmologists to question how the initial density came to be so closely fine-tuned to this 'special' value.The problem was first mentioned by Robert Dicke in 1969. The most commonly accepted solution among cosmologists is cosmic inflation, the idea that the universe went through a brief period of extremely rapid expansion in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang; along with the monopole problem and the horizon problem, the flatness problem is one of the three primary motivations for inflationary theory.