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Public Speaking
Public Speaking

... Mark the stressed syllable and say it longer, higher, and louder than the other syllables. ...
That “certain cut”: towards a characterology of Mandarin Chinese
That “certain cut”: towards a characterology of Mandarin Chinese

... certain cut, to each language’ (Sapir 1921). A similar notion was expressed by linguists of the Prague school, under the name of “characterology”; notably Vilém Mathesius, in his 1928 article ‘On linguistic characterology with illustrations from Modern English’ (Mathesius 1964). Many people will sha ...
Sample Lesson - Common Sense Press
Sample Lesson - Common Sense Press

... Notice that each sentence has its own base line. The second sentence is below the first, connected by the conjunction which is on a solid horizontal line. b. Diagram the following compound sentences. By now, you should be able to diagram every word in the sentence. l) I can go to the park, or I can ...
MedPost: a part-of-speech tagger for bioMedical
MedPost: a part-of-speech tagger for bioMedical

... in the file INSTALL.medpost, which can be found in the distribution, and details on running the program can be found in a man page, which is provided. The program currently accepts text for tagging in either native MEDLINE format or XML, both available as save options in PubMed. In addition, it reco ...
Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers

... put it in at Night under the Door of the Printing House. It was found in the Morning and communicated to his Writing friends when they called in as usual. They read it, commented on it in my Hearing, and I had the exquisite Pleasure of finding it met with their Approbation, and that in their differe ...
Hyphen - Austin Peay State University
Hyphen - Austin Peay State University

... adjective that works with the word that comes after it.  There goes a friendly-looking man. (hyphenation, since “friendly” modifies “looking” and is an adjective describing “man”)  You sure are a friendly little girl. (no hyphenation, since “friendly” does not act as one idea with “little”)  This ...
Interpreting aReading Scaled Scores for Instruction
Interpreting aReading Scaled Scores for Instruction

... of a nonsense word using context, inferring the author’s purpose, deleting a sentence that does not support the main idea of a text, adding a sentence to support the main idea, combining two sentences correctly, analyzing character traits in a literary text, synthesizing information in informational ...
Proof-reading Skills: Review
Proof-reading Skills: Review

... e.g. It is the first time David Copperfield has performing at the Hong Kong Coliseum. Answer: (performing – performed) ...
Unwrapping Text - Priceless Literacy
Unwrapping Text - Priceless Literacy

... grass and the orange, brown dirt. It makes you feel like a real pro. Sometimes I just walk to the mound and practice my windup, or I may step up to homeplate and practice my stance and my swing, but when its game time I act serious no horseplay, no goofin around. I act like it’s the World Series and ...
1 The origins of language
1 The origins of language

... fixed reference: a property of a communication system whereby each signal is fixed as relating to one particular object or occasion .‫ خاصية نظام االتصاالت الذي بموجبه كل إشارة ثابتة متصلة بكائن واحد معين أو مناسبة‬: ‫مرجعية ثابتة‬ 4)cultural transmission: the process whereby knowledge of a language ...
NLP
NLP

... •  Pronouns are short elements that are used to refer noun phrases, entities or events ▫  Personal pronouns refer to persons or entities (I, you, me,..) ▫  Possessive pronouns define the possess or, in general, an abstract relation between a person and an (abstract) object (my, his/her, your,..) ▫  ...
Adjectives and adverbs—the two kinds of modifiers or describing
Adjectives and adverbs—the two kinds of modifiers or describing

... • The report that he wrote at home yesterday afternoon is very good. Rule 3: Avoid Dangling Modifiers A dangling modifier is an adjective that does not refer clearly to a specific word or group of words in a sentence. In the following sentences, the adjective phrases dangle because they do not refer ...
Self-Editing
Self-Editing

... Passive/Active Voice Subject-verb agreement Pronoun-antecedent agreement Verb tense shifts Transitions MLA Citation ...
You will make mistakes in your early drafts
You will make mistakes in your early drafts

... Periods are mainly used to mark the end of a sentence. Run-on sentences occur if periods are left out, or if commas are used instead, and these can cause confusion for the reader. Smoking is dangerous for your health if you smoke more than a packet a day you will die around ten years earlier. This s ...
Morphology-new-lecture5
Morphology-new-lecture5

... cheeriots and the boys blue fistings. (ii) When their mother signaled, the girls barried home unhappily. ...
Look and Listen Make it Make Sense
Look and Listen Make it Make Sense

... who’s doing the action and when that person is doing it. • You have to be very careful to make sure verbs match their subject and the tense of the surrounding context. • The publication of Robinson Crusoe is something that took place in 1719 – the past. • What’s wrong with the underlined portion? • ...
Topic – Estonia
Topic – Estonia

... you want to create a metaphor around eg the stars. Think of something that is like the subject or something to do with the subject - they shine, glitter, are like tin-tacks, like diamonds, like jewels, like fiery eyes. Now use an idea to make a metaphor, remembering not to use the word 'like', e.g. ...
Instructions for EACL-06 Proceedings
Instructions for EACL-06 Proceedings

... words, as well as lacking a head-dependent relationship. There is some research on the computational analysis of Turkish syntax. One of these is a lexical functional grammar of Turkish [4]. There is also an ATN grammar for Turkish [2]. Another grammar for Turkish is based on HPSG formalism [9]. In a ...
Grammar Without the Drama - Faculty of Arts
Grammar Without the Drama - Faculty of Arts

... However, whereas, while, still, alternatively, nevertheless, on the other hand, instead, inspite of, in contrast, even though to give an example For example, for instance, to illustrate, such as, specifically, to demonstrate ...
Nouns Adjectives
Nouns Adjectives

... no trend has been more obtrusive in recent years than the changing of nouns into verbs. “Tre nd” itself (now used as a verb meaning “change or develop in a general direction”, as in “unemployment has been trending upwards”) is further evidence of—sorry, evidences—this phenomenon. It is found in all ...
ON PRODUCTIVITY, CREATIVITY AND RESTRICTIONS ON WORD
ON PRODUCTIVITY, CREATIVITY AND RESTRICTIONS ON WORD

... about the analogical influence that synonyms had had on the formation of new conversion-words, illustrating it with the example of a verse by T. Lily-a taken from "Mother Bombie": My head is full of hammers, and they haue so maletted my wit, that I am almost a malcontent. According to the author, th ...
181 - 190
181 - 190

... • Identifies pairs of words (adjectives) that mean the same thing • Identifies the word that is a synonym for a given word (verb) • Identifies the word that is closest in meaning to a given word (noun) • Identifies the word that is closest in meaning to a given word (verb) • Infers the meaning of a ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
Sample pages 2 PDF

... The situation of the pronouns is rather complicated. The term itself evidently is a translation of the Latin term pronomen. Zhiming dz. (9) literally means “pronouns referring to nouns”; the group of words it comprises coincides with our personal pronouns. The authors further distinguish between per ...
Noisy-context surprisal as a human sentence - TedLab
Noisy-context surprisal as a human sentence - TedLab

... 2. Equations (1-2) indicate how this probability is calculated: the cost of a word wi in context w1:i-1 is the expected log probability of wi given possible observed contexts V resulting from the application of noise to w1:i-1.
 We investigate the theoretical viability of noisy-context surprisal in ...
ramses. a new research tool in philology and linguistics
ramses. a new research tool in philology and linguistics

... be overemphasized: first they really speed the things up, and second – which is undoubtedly as important –, it is probably the best way of ensuring the maximum possible coherence of the data. So, automata could also be written to help the basic encoding of lemmas, spellings and morphological analyse ...
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Untranslatability

Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language when translated.Terms are, however, neither exclusively translatable nor exclusively untranslatable; rather, the degree of difficulty of translation depends on their nature, as well as on the translator's knowledge of the languages in question.Quite often, a text or utterance that is considered to be ""untranslatable"" is actually a lacuna, or lexical gap. That is, there is no one-to-one equivalence between the word, expression or turn of phrase in the source language and another word, expression or turn of phrase in the target language. A translator can, however, resort to a number of translation procedures to compensate for this. Therefore, untranslatability or difficulty of translation does not always carry deep linguistic relativity implications; denotation can virtually always be translated, given enough circumlocution, although connotation may be ineffable or inefficient to convey.
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