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Post-editing on-screen: machine translation from Spanish to English
Post-editing on-screen: machine translation from Spanish to English

... They understand that there is a constraint in English against repeating of, which suggests the same case relationship for both or all the nouns, whereas this problem does not exist for de in Spanish. With such strings the translators often leave the construction in its extended form and simply vary ...
SENTENCE PATTERNS-Mythical Ancestor
SENTENCE PATTERNS-Mythical Ancestor

... a symbol of an age and society which wanted to dwell like him in some false world of false art and false cultures? From “Henry James and His Cult” by Maxwell Geismar.  2. A good student-body is perhaps the most important factor in a great university. How can you possibly make good wine from poor gr ...
Hierarchy of ESL Errors
Hierarchy of ESL Errors

... Depending on the kind of noun in a sentence, an article (i.e., “a,” “an,” or “the”) may need to precede it. Look at this sentence: “I told the teacher that I didn’t have a homework.” While “the” is used correctly before the definite noun of “teacher,” no “a” should precede “homework” since the latte ...
prepositions
prepositions

... Eg :1.If the earthquake had occurred, the people would have left the place. 2. If you had asked me, I would have given the book to you. PARTS OF SPEECH Generally we express our feeling through the sentences. Those Sentences, clauses and phrases are made of some words. According to their nature and f ...
Grammar: Note on Information Structure
Grammar: Note on Information Structure

... order is possible). 1. “No way!” my sister said. 2. “No way!” said my sister. 3. “No way!” my sister had said. If an object follows the verb, subject-verb word order is used as well. “No way!” my sister said to her best friend. ENGALX Campus Note on Information Structure (4) ...
A \ / N
A \ / N

...  Thus, MORPHOLOGY is that component of the grammar which studies the structure of words to account for the knowledge that native speakers have about their own language. Native speakers know how to segment a string of sounds into words when they write, for instance, so then: What is a word? How can ...
linking verb - Spring Branch ISD
linking verb - Spring Branch ISD

... Example: run, talk, think, etc. -linking verb-links the subject to a word or words that rename or describe it, usually “be verbs”. Example: The lady was happy. -“be” verbs-commonly used as linking verbs or helping verbs. Example: is, are, was, were, am, be, been, being -helping verb-the first verb i ...
Linguistic Glossary
Linguistic Glossary

... The letters used to write words of a language. For example, a language may use 'b' instead of 'p' and 'd' instead of 't', when writing down Indigenous languages. ...
Context Clues
Context Clues

... Often, a sentence will provide examples and details which help you see and understand an unfamiliar word, even if you don’t know the exact definition. Ex. The student showed he was sympathetic when the teacher fell over his backpack by helping her up and telling her how sorry he was that she got hur ...
Module 5 Academic Language Application In the Key to EAP
Module 5 Academic Language Application In the Key to EAP

... Match the words from Task 6 with their correct definitions below. 1 a group of words without a finite verb, especially one that forms part of a sentence 2 a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning 3 a word that describes a person or thing 4 connected with th ...
Helpful Grammatical Facts and Examples
Helpful Grammatical Facts and Examples

... Ex. Since you are an experienced swimmer, you can help the beginners. If you have not studied, you will probably not do well on the test.  after an introductory participial phrase Ex. Bowing and smiling, the singer acknowledged the audience's applause. Stumbling and falling, the explorer found his ...
The linking function of word order
The linking function of word order

... In assessing the emphatic effect of a postmodifying attribute we should bear in mind that for certain attributes this position is normal (see § 86). However, the fixed patterns in English limit the opportunities to shift prominence or emphasis from one part of the sentence to another, especially for ...
Sample
Sample

...  Put parentheses around the phrase (starts with a preposition, ends with a noun)  Write OP over the noun at the end of the prep phrase.  Label the prep phrase as :  Adj prep phrase or adv prep phrase (in this sentence, it is an adv prep phrase) ...
Phonology
Phonology

... Spanish: r, rr flap tongue against back teeth (trill, roll) Neither Spanish “r” is like English Glides: “semivowels” very little constriction of air flow, like vowels y ...
pinker 1-3
pinker 1-3

... as closely as possible. The V´ level is of course “closer” to V than VP is. A modifier would not be attached as the sister of the verb, as this position is reserved for arguments. ...
Year 5 - 6 Spelling - St Nicolas and St Mary CE Primary School
Year 5 - 6 Spelling - St Nicolas and St Mary CE Primary School

... Rules and guidance (non-statutory) kept as those letters would otherwise have their ‘hard’ sounds (as in cap and gap) before the a of the –able ending. The –able ending is usually but not always used if a complete root word can be heard before it, even if there is no related word ending in –ation. T ...
Instructions for Essay Corrections
Instructions for Essay Corrections

... Usually, when a proper noun is modified by an adjective clause or phrase, the clause or phrase will be enclosed in commas. Clauses beginning with that are always restrictive, meaning they don’t require commas. Clauses beginning with which are non-restrictive, so they do require commas. However, some ...
Hand Out 1
Hand Out 1

... the literal meaning of “run”. Rather, it’s more precisely described as it’s common or primary meaning. Usually, these two menaing , literal and common are taken to be one and the same meaning, which is applied to all meanings of the same words. This is not quite acceptable for run is a word with dif ...
New Curriculum Planning for English Years 5 and 6 Genres to be
New Curriculum Planning for English Years 5 and 6 Genres to be

... when
the
relationships
are
unusual.
Once
root
words
are
learnt
in
this
way,
longer
words
can
be
spelt
 correctly
if
the
rules
and
guidance
for
adding
prefixes
and
suffixes
are
also
known.
Many
of
the
words
in
 the
list
above
can
be
used
for
practice
in
adding
suffixes.
 Understanding
the
history
of
 ...
MORPHOLOGY and SYNTAX
MORPHOLOGY and SYNTAX

... Thus, MORPHOLOGY is that component of the grammar which studies the structure of words to account for the knowledge that native speakers have about their own language. Native speakers know how to segment a string of sounds into words when they write, for instance, so then: What is a word? How can it ...
Five Basic Tips to Help Improve Your Grammar
Five Basic Tips to Help Improve Your Grammar

... Next, “its very furry” is the possessive form of its; however, there is nothing to possess. The correct form is “it’s”, saying, “It is very furry”. A quick way to test this is by inserting it is into the sentence, and if it reads correctly, it is most likely right. 2. There, Their, and They’re Perha ...
34 Putting Two Words Together
34 Putting Two Words Together

... words together. Their first words are exciting enough but when they start combining two words together, that is when the fun starts. In order to appreciate the importance of this stage of language development, it's worth looking at one of the fundamental building blocks of language: grammar. We all ...
Putting Two Words Together - Little Leprechaun Academy
Putting Two Words Together - Little Leprechaun Academy

... words together. Their first words are exciting enough but when they start combining two words together, that is when the fun starts. In order to appreciate the importance of this stage of language development, it's worth looking at one of the fundamental building blocks of language: grammar. We all ...
Words and pictures – graphical grammar
Words and pictures – graphical grammar

... push – but it’s much, much easier to use diagrams. Here’s why, and then how. Grammar is all about structures. If you only teach word classes (aka parts of speech), you’re missing the main point. Popping individual words into pots labelled ‘noun’, ‘verb’ and so on is about as interesting and educatio ...
Pronunciation and Listening - NC-Net
Pronunciation and Listening - NC-Net

... words. The focus of pronunciation in the transitional class is on the stress and rhythm of English. Stress and rhythm, or “the music of English” may be a difficult concept for the foreign student to grasp. In many other languages the student is taught to respect the quality of all vowels. The ESL st ...
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Untranslatability

Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language when translated.Terms are, however, neither exclusively translatable nor exclusively untranslatable; rather, the degree of difficulty of translation depends on their nature, as well as on the translator's knowledge of the languages in question.Quite often, a text or utterance that is considered to be ""untranslatable"" is actually a lacuna, or lexical gap. That is, there is no one-to-one equivalence between the word, expression or turn of phrase in the source language and another word, expression or turn of phrase in the target language. A translator can, however, resort to a number of translation procedures to compensate for this. Therefore, untranslatability or difficulty of translation does not always carry deep linguistic relativity implications; denotation can virtually always be translated, given enough circumlocution, although connotation may be ineffable or inefficient to convey.
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