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Antihistamines and Allergic Emergencies
Antihistamines and Allergic Emergencies

... • repeated drug administration at dose intervals (t ) will give a steady state with the plasma concentration fluctuating between a maximum (Cmax) and a minimum (Cmin ) value ...
New drugs and indications in 2011. France is better focused on
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... Generic drugs with uneven therapeutic value. In 2011, Prescrire examined the harm-benefit balance of 27 generic drugs marketed in France. Ten of these drugs are useful in certain situations: intradural baclofen for some cases of severe chronic spasticity (Rev Prescrire n° 332); clobetasol, a potent ...
PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (p.l) 1. Terminology “hallucinogens
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Quality of Herbal Drugs and Their Preparations: Critical Criteria and
Quality of Herbal Drugs and Their Preparations: Critical Criteria and

... Herbal drug preparations are extracts, tinctures, essential oils, distillates, resins, etc. Their composition not only depends on the quality of the drugs used in their preparation, but also on the method of manufacture, solvent kind and concentration, extraction time and temperature among other fac ...
DRUG - ichapps.com
DRUG - ichapps.com

... Distribution is a branch of pharmacokinetics which describes the reversible transfer of drug from one location to another within the body. ...
In summary, the FDA Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers table is an
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... Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome CYP2D6: Many drugs, including most drugs effective in the treatment of MDD (paroxetine, other SSRIs, and many tricyclics), are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2D6. Like other agents that are metabolized by CYP2D6, paroxetine may significantly inhibit th ...
Commentary on: Psilocybin can occasion mystical
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... study the neural mechanisms responsible for these drugaltered states of consciousness. It is entirely conceivable that psychotropic agents that produce these experiences may have a role in the treatment of addictive states. Spirituality has long been a major component of the 12step approach to the t ...
Presentation file
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... dexamethasone the enhancement is 30-fold but it can be as high as couple of hundred fold for very poorly soluble drugs. This increases the drug concentration gradient over the membrane barrier and, consequently, drug permeation into the eye. ...
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... • Rather than use new drugs, some future delivery systems will likely administer drugs retina specialists use today. ...
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... vesicles which may be hydrated immediately before use to yield aqueous niosome dispersions. They can incorporate both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs and due to their capability to carry a variety of drugs, these carriers are extensively used for drug delivery. Proniosomes are nowadays used ...
Elicited Behavior and Classical Conditioning
Elicited Behavior and Classical Conditioning

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Bioavailability
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DRUGS - Bio-Guru
DRUGS - Bio-Guru

... – Hallucinations These symptoms occur if the drug is not taken/administered within a certain period of time. In the case of heroin, it can be 6 to 8 hours. ...
Biost 536, Spring 2013 Homework #1 September 26, 2013, Page 1
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... h. What proportion of the drugs with significant results will be truly beneficial? 0.8065 50 / 62 = 0.8065 or ...
The Argyle Care Home Service - Primary Care Pharmacists
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... “…should be conceptually perceived as a ‘disease’ with potentially more serious complications than those of the diseases these different drugs have been prescribed for” Gafinkel et al. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(18):1648–1654 ...
Concepts of Pharmacology - Half Life Calculation
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... represent the time required for a drug to reach half of its initial concentration after administration • This is because in a single-compartment model elimination is the only process that can alter drug concentration • Intercompartmental distribution cannot occur because there are no other compartme ...
Concepts of Pharmacology - Half Life Calculation -
Concepts of Pharmacology - Half Life Calculation -

... represent the time required for a drug to reach half of its initial concentration after administration • This is because in a single-compartment model elimination is the only process that can alter drug concentration • Intercompartmental distribution cannot occur because there are no other compartme ...
Potentially hazardous drug interactions with psychotropics
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... Abstract Of the many interactions with psychotropic drugs, a minority are potentially hazardous. Most interactions are pharmacodynamic, resulting from augmented or antagonistic actions at a receptor or from different mechanisms in the same tissue. Most important pharmacokinetic interactions are due ...
Pharmacology 2002
Pharmacology 2002

... differs markedly between ethnic groups. These genetic differences mean some people have an enzyme with reduced or no activity. Patients who are 'slow metabolisers' may have an increased risk of adverse reactions to a drug metabolised by the affected enzyme. One isoform, CYP2D6, also has alleles that ...
Year II: Pharmacology Course Review
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... Get  all  students  involved  with  the  small  groups,  not  just  the  student   presenters.    Also,  prepare   “model”  answers  to    the  cases  discussed. Having  all  lecturers  use  the  Pharm  card  system,  in  order  to  h ...
Amines, what they are and what they do
Amines, what they are and what they do

... • Contain four nitrogen atoms with one sixmembered ring and one five-membered ring • Remains in the bloodstream twice as long as nicotine. • The lethal does of caffeine is 10 grams or about 100 cups of coffee drank quickly. ...
Syllabus of B. Pharma
Syllabus of B. Pharma

... Reactions involving carbanions: malonic ester, synthesis of carboxylic acids, acetoacetic ester, synthesis of ketones, Decarboxylation of 8-ketoacids and malonic acids, direct and indirect alkylation of esters and ketones, alkylation of carbonyl compounds via enamines, et, B-unsaturated carbonyl com ...
Drug Interactions Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
Drug Interactions Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)

... Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) • In 1994 alone, there were over 2.2 million cases of serious ADRs – 106,000 fatalities due to ADRs ...
Getting High on Prescription and Over-the
Getting High on Prescription and Over-the

... cabinets and home computers are potential sources of these drugs for teenage abuse. ...
drugs used to relieve behavioural and psychological symptoms of
drugs used to relieve behavioural and psychological symptoms of

... to an inability to sleep at night. Increased stimulation and activity during the day and avoiding caffeine late at night will help reduce sleep problems. It is important to have realistic expectations about the duration of sleep. Older people often sleep for only five to six hours, and in people wit ...
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Orphan drug

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.In the US and EU it is easier to gain marketing approval for an orphan drug, and there may be other financial incentives, such as extended exclusivity periods, all intended to encourage the development of drugs which might otherwise lack a sufficient profit motive. The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.According to Thomson Reuters in their 2012 publication ""The Economic Power of Orphan Drugs"", there has been increased investing in orphan drug Research and Development partly due to the U. S. Orphan Drug Act (ODA) 1983 and similar Acts in other regions of the world and also driven by ""high-profile philanthropic funding."" The period between 2001 to 2011 was the ""most productive period in the history of orphan drug development, in terms of average annual orphan drug designations and orphan drug approvals."" For the same decade the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the orphan drugs was an ""impressive 25.8 percent, compared to only 20.1 percent for a matched control group of non-orphan drugs."" By 2012 the market for orphan drugs was worth USD$637 million compared to the USD$638 million matched control group of non-orphan drugs, Thomson Reuters.By 2012, ""the revenue-generating potential of orphan drugs [was] as great as for non-orphan drugs, even though patient populations for rare diseases are significantly smaller. Moreover, we suggest that orphan drugs have greater profitability when considered in the full context of developmental drivers including government financial incentives, smaller clinical trial sizes, shorter clinical trial times and higher rates of regulatory success.""
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