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18 Acute poisoning
18 Acute poisoning

... Drugs  Chemical substances, also of plant origin  Alcohol and it’s surrogates  Pesticides ...
Alcohol interaction with other drugs
Alcohol interaction with other drugs

... tasks involving fine motor coordination and concentration such as driving a vehicle and handling or operating machinery are increased. The risk can be heightened because the user may be unaware of being affected.1 Minor analgesics Minor analgesics such as paracetamol and aspirin are used to relieve ...
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... Effect of repeated dosing--• The doses of 100mg twice a day and the 200 mg per day curves are shown on the same scale • In each of the three cases the mean steady state plasma concentration is the same at 10 mg/L this is achieved when a steady state concentration of the drug is reached ...
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IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)
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introductory lecture in pharmacology
introductory lecture in pharmacology

...  Pharmacokinetics-what the body does to the drugs. It studies the fate of drugs once ingested and the variability of drug response in varying patient population. It includes: drug absorption drug distribution drug metabolism drug excretion ...
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Orphan drug

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.In the US and EU it is easier to gain marketing approval for an orphan drug, and there may be other financial incentives, such as extended exclusivity periods, all intended to encourage the development of drugs which might otherwise lack a sufficient profit motive. The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.According to Thomson Reuters in their 2012 publication ""The Economic Power of Orphan Drugs"", there has been increased investing in orphan drug Research and Development partly due to the U. S. Orphan Drug Act (ODA) 1983 and similar Acts in other regions of the world and also driven by ""high-profile philanthropic funding."" The period between 2001 to 2011 was the ""most productive period in the history of orphan drug development, in terms of average annual orphan drug designations and orphan drug approvals."" For the same decade the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the orphan drugs was an ""impressive 25.8 percent, compared to only 20.1 percent for a matched control group of non-orphan drugs."" By 2012 the market for orphan drugs was worth USD$637 million compared to the USD$638 million matched control group of non-orphan drugs, Thomson Reuters.By 2012, ""the revenue-generating potential of orphan drugs [was] as great as for non-orphan drugs, even though patient populations for rare diseases are significantly smaller. Moreover, we suggest that orphan drugs have greater profitability when considered in the full context of developmental drivers including government financial incentives, smaller clinical trial sizes, shorter clinical trial times and higher rates of regulatory success.""
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