Cognition`s Influence on Conditioning
... = a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin res ...
... = a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin res ...
UNIT 6: LEARNING
... from the environment. He boasted that he could make any healthy newborn into a beggar, thief, or saint, just by varying the conditioning. Stimulus generalization is the tendency of similar stimuli to elicit similar responses. If you were going to adopt one of the dogs from Pavlov's laboratory, you m ...
... from the environment. He boasted that he could make any healthy newborn into a beggar, thief, or saint, just by varying the conditioning. Stimulus generalization is the tendency of similar stimuli to elicit similar responses. If you were going to adopt one of the dogs from Pavlov's laboratory, you m ...
Ch. 9 Learning Practice Sheet with Answers
... c. it demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning. d. all learning depends on reinforcement. e. it demonstrated that rewards were more effective than punishment. ...
... c. it demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning. d. all learning depends on reinforcement. e. it demonstrated that rewards were more effective than punishment. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Relatively few applied studies have described attempts to establish the reinforcing effects of social stimuli such as praise, and those based on the pairing hypothesis typically have used the response–stimulus procedure. For example, studies have involved pairing attention with established positive ...
... Relatively few applied studies have described attempts to establish the reinforcing effects of social stimuli such as praise, and those based on the pairing hypothesis typically have used the response–stimulus procedure. For example, studies have involved pairing attention with established positive ...
A COMPARISON OF TWO PAIRING PROCEDURES
... Relatively few applied studies have described attempts to establish the reinforcing effects of social stimuli such as praise, and those based on the pairing hypothesis typically have used the response–stimulus procedure. For example, studies have involved pairing attention with established positive ...
... Relatively few applied studies have described attempts to establish the reinforcing effects of social stimuli such as praise, and those based on the pairing hypothesis typically have used the response–stimulus procedure. For example, studies have involved pairing attention with established positive ...
PUNISHMENT - appstate.edu
... (c) partial suppression, wherein the subject always displays some lasting suppression of the punished response, without total recovery; and (d) finally, there is complete suppression, with no observable recovery. Any of these outcomes can be produced, other things being equal, by merely varying the ...
... (c) partial suppression, wherein the subject always displays some lasting suppression of the punished response, without total recovery; and (d) finally, there is complete suppression, with no observable recovery. Any of these outcomes can be produced, other things being equal, by merely varying the ...
NEEDS (MURRAY, 1938) AND STATE
... Piling up additional excerpts that reveal this outer-over-inner emphasis would be superfluous; readers can find scores of them in any systematic treatment of Skinner’s position. The message conveyed by these passages is loud and clear: reference to inner causes (states, events) should be avoided by ...
... Piling up additional excerpts that reveal this outer-over-inner emphasis would be superfluous; readers can find scores of them in any systematic treatment of Skinner’s position. The message conveyed by these passages is loud and clear: reference to inner causes (states, events) should be avoided by ...
Elicited Behavior and Classical Conditioning
... • Train the brain to classify tinnitus-related neuronal activity as representing a neutral, nonsignificant signal, then the process of habituation will occur automatically. To achieve this, it is necessary, however, to fulfill two basic conditions: – Removal of the negative association attached to t ...
... • Train the brain to classify tinnitus-related neuronal activity as representing a neutral, nonsignificant signal, then the process of habituation will occur automatically. To achieve this, it is necessary, however, to fulfill two basic conditions: – Removal of the negative association attached to t ...
Characteristics of Demagoguery
... deduced f rom 1) “traditional” practices, values, belief s (as def ined above—they are the most f amiliar and comf ortable to the audience); 2) “traditional” interpretations of authoritative texts; 3) reasoning backwards f rom what must necessarily be true to maintain current hierarchies (racial, ge ...
... deduced f rom 1) “traditional” practices, values, belief s (as def ined above—they are the most f amiliar and comf ortable to the audience); 2) “traditional” interpretations of authoritative texts; 3) reasoning backwards f rom what must necessarily be true to maintain current hierarchies (racial, ge ...
B. R Skinner`s Contributions to Applied Behavior Analysis
... Peter Dews described Skinner's contributions this way: Massive advances in science can affect society either by changing man's views of himself or by leading to substantive changes in his environment. The contributions of Copernicus and Darwin profoundly affected society through their philosophical ...
... Peter Dews described Skinner's contributions this way: Massive advances in science can affect society either by changing man's views of himself or by leading to substantive changes in his environment. The contributions of Copernicus and Darwin profoundly affected society through their philosophical ...
A Contemporary Behavior Analysis of Anxiety and
... an ever-increasing number of categories and constellations of symptoms, such that anxiety disorders is now used as an umbrella term for a range of specific (i.e., social phobia) and nonspecific (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder) forms of anxiety. That the term anxiety refers to a fuzzy set of topo ...
... an ever-increasing number of categories and constellations of symptoms, such that anxiety disorders is now used as an umbrella term for a range of specific (i.e., social phobia) and nonspecific (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder) forms of anxiety. That the term anxiety refers to a fuzzy set of topo ...
Articulo MC Luciano - International Journal of Psychology and
... skills are sufficiently abstracted so as to be arbitrarily applied to any stimuli. Clayton and Hayes (1999) presented a respondent conditioning analysis of equivalence based on L. Hayes’ previous work (1992; 1996). These authors suggested that respondent conditioning might be a possibly useful direc ...
... skills are sufficiently abstracted so as to be arbitrarily applied to any stimuli. Clayton and Hayes (1999) presented a respondent conditioning analysis of equivalence based on L. Hayes’ previous work (1992; 1996). These authors suggested that respondent conditioning might be a possibly useful direc ...
ExamView - Unit 6 Practice.tst
... 11. What is the difference between a primary and a conditioned reinforcer? a. Primary reinforcers are presented immediately after the behavior; conditioned reinforcers are presented after a delay. b. Primary reinforcers are introduced every time the behavior occurs; conditioned reinforcers are intro ...
... 11. What is the difference between a primary and a conditioned reinforcer? a. Primary reinforcers are presented immediately after the behavior; conditioned reinforcers are presented after a delay. b. Primary reinforcers are introduced every time the behavior occurs; conditioned reinforcers are intro ...
Homework Market
... In more recent times, psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe (1915–1997) adapted Jones’s method to the treatment of certain kinds of anxiety (Wolpe, 1973, 1990). Wolpe reasoned that because irrational fears are learned (conditioned), they could also be unlearned through conditioning. He noted that it is not poss ...
... In more recent times, psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe (1915–1997) adapted Jones’s method to the treatment of certain kinds of anxiety (Wolpe, 1973, 1990). Wolpe reasoned that because irrational fears are learned (conditioned), they could also be unlearned through conditioning. He noted that it is not poss ...
Associative foundation of causal learning in rats
... will control exogenous events. Causal learning facilitates successful interactions with the environment, such as throwing a switch to illuminate a dark room or pressing a lever to receive food. Actions are commonly viewed as causes of contingent consequences (i.e., outcomes). Provided that there is ...
... will control exogenous events. Causal learning facilitates successful interactions with the environment, such as throwing a switch to illuminate a dark room or pressing a lever to receive food. Actions are commonly viewed as causes of contingent consequences (i.e., outcomes). Provided that there is ...
Unit 6 Notes - Reading Community Schools
... Limits on Classical Conditioning • John Garcia (and Robert Koelling) – Conditioned Taste Aversion: rats were exposed to a particular taste, sight, or sound, and then exposed to material that would make them sick. The rats would then become averse to the taste, but not the sight or sound. – When the ...
... Limits on Classical Conditioning • John Garcia (and Robert Koelling) – Conditioned Taste Aversion: rats were exposed to a particular taste, sight, or sound, and then exposed to material that would make them sick. The rats would then become averse to the taste, but not the sight or sound. – When the ...
31 within-subject testing of the signaled
... last four sessions of each phase, which were used for analysis, the response rates for all rats were reasonably stable and did not vary by more than five responses per minute over these sessions for any rat. In all phases, a greater number of responses typically occurred in the unsignaled component ...
... last four sessions of each phase, which were used for analysis, the response rates for all rats were reasonably stable and did not vary by more than five responses per minute over these sessions for any rat. In all phases, a greater number of responses typically occurred in the unsignaled component ...
Redalyc.CONTEXT CHANGE EXPLAINS RESURGENCE AFTER
... They found that extinction of an operant response decreased at a greater rate when an alternative one was introduced and reinforced. However, they also noted that when alternative reinforcement was discontinued, the extinguished behavior returned (i.e., resurged). In contrast, the original behavior ...
... They found that extinction of an operant response decreased at a greater rate when an alternative one was introduced and reinforced. However, they also noted that when alternative reinforcement was discontinued, the extinguished behavior returned (i.e., resurged). In contrast, the original behavior ...
Schultz 10e IMTB Chapter 11
... He read about the work of Watson and Pavlov and went to Harvard where he received his Ph.D. His first book, The Behavior of Organisms (1938) outlines his system, but had disappointing sales at first. Fifty years later it was judged to have “changed the face of psychology.” He remained productive ri ...
... He read about the work of Watson and Pavlov and went to Harvard where he received his Ph.D. His first book, The Behavior of Organisms (1938) outlines his system, but had disappointing sales at first. Fifty years later it was judged to have “changed the face of psychology.” He remained productive ri ...
What is learning? On the nature and merits of a... definition of learning THEORETICAL REVIEW
... of behavior as responses to the environment—that is, as linked to the presence of certain stimuli in the (current or past) environment rather than as occurring randomly. A change in behavior is thus a change in the way an organism responds when it is or has been present in a certain environment. Alt ...
... of behavior as responses to the environment—that is, as linked to the presence of certain stimuli in the (current or past) environment rather than as occurring randomly. A change in behavior is thus a change in the way an organism responds when it is or has been present in a certain environment. Alt ...
an opponent-process theory of motivation: i. temporal
... we call the standard pattern of affective dynamics. The pattern has five distinctive features: (a) the peak of the primary hedonic process or state, precipitated by stimulus onset; (6) a period of hedonic or affective adaptation during which the intensity of the hedonic state declines, even though s ...
... we call the standard pattern of affective dynamics. The pattern has five distinctive features: (a) the peak of the primary hedonic process or state, precipitated by stimulus onset; (6) a period of hedonic or affective adaptation during which the intensity of the hedonic state declines, even though s ...
Chapter 6 - RaduegePsychology
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
Chapter 6
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
... Advertisers will often use famous people and celebrities to endorse their products in commercials. For example, they assume if people like a person such as Britney Spears, then they will be more likely to buy a product such as Pepsi. Unconditioned Stimulus ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment
... 3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development of the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of object relations, social learning theories of dependency (and attachment), and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment. "Object relations," "dependency," and "atta ...
... 3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development of the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of object relations, social learning theories of dependency (and attachment), and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment. "Object relations," "dependency," and "atta ...
operant conditioning
... To use reinforcement and punishment effectively it is important that it is presented after a desired response, never before. ...
... To use reinforcement and punishment effectively it is important that it is presented after a desired response, never before. ...