61 RAGE AGAINST REASON: ADDRESSING CRITICAL CRITICS
... All animal species have acquired their natures and habitual ways of behaving by extended periods of natural selection. Natural selection responds to environments, as they exist at the time, by selecting gene variants that enabled their possessors to out produce possessors of alternative variants (Ba ...
... All animal species have acquired their natures and habitual ways of behaving by extended periods of natural selection. Natural selection responds to environments, as they exist at the time, by selecting gene variants that enabled their possessors to out produce possessors of alternative variants (Ba ...
Introduction
... This means that the child might have genetic material information not inherited from either parent This can be – catastrophic: offspring in not viable (most likely) – neutral: new feature not influences fitness – advantageous: strong new feature occurs Redundancy in the genetic code forms a good way ...
... This means that the child might have genetic material information not inherited from either parent This can be – catastrophic: offspring in not viable (most likely) – neutral: new feature not influences fitness – advantageous: strong new feature occurs Redundancy in the genetic code forms a good way ...
The genetic architecture of insect courtship behavior and
... of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila sechellia have apparently evolved through many loci of small effect, which indicates that sexual selection and species recognition do not represent a continuum in these species (Gleason and Ritchie, 2004). A similar pattern is seen for species in the Drosophila ...
... of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila sechellia have apparently evolved through many loci of small effect, which indicates that sexual selection and species recognition do not represent a continuum in these species (Gleason and Ritchie, 2004). A similar pattern is seen for species in the Drosophila ...
Genome-wide scans for loci under selection in
... patterns of genetic variation will be considered, from a coalescent point of view. Theoretical studies have investigated the evolutionary dynamics of genetic variation subject to a variety of selective pressures, including, purifying20 – 22 positive23 – 26 and balancing selection.27 – 30 This paper ...
... patterns of genetic variation will be considered, from a coalescent point of view. Theoretical studies have investigated the evolutionary dynamics of genetic variation subject to a variety of selective pressures, including, purifying20 – 22 positive23 – 26 and balancing selection.27 – 30 This paper ...
The Role of Emotion in Environmental Decision Making
... Clayton’s (2003) environmental identity (EID) scale was developed to measure one’s sense of self in relation to the natural environment—not simply as a reflection of attitudes and subsequent behavior, but also how we think about the environment, both good and bad; “that our immediate local actions c ...
... Clayton’s (2003) environmental identity (EID) scale was developed to measure one’s sense of self in relation to the natural environment—not simply as a reflection of attitudes and subsequent behavior, but also how we think about the environment, both good and bad; “that our immediate local actions c ...
Brembs B. - blogarchive.brembs.blog
... fact learning, which is facilitated by allowing a behavior to control the stimuli about which the animal learns. Skill learning in this phase is suppressed by the factlearning mechanism. This insight supports early hypotheses about dominant classical components in operant conditioning [6], but only ...
... fact learning, which is facilitated by allowing a behavior to control the stimuli about which the animal learns. Skill learning in this phase is suppressed by the factlearning mechanism. This insight supports early hypotheses about dominant classical components in operant conditioning [6], but only ...
Ch 9 Escape
... We put up with disagreeable people or try to get away from them. Sometimes dangers are unavoidable; at other times proper conduct keeps us out of trouble. Oftentimes we behave prudently, not because of any positive reinforcements derived from our proper actions but to avoid punishment that might ens ...
... We put up with disagreeable people or try to get away from them. Sometimes dangers are unavoidable; at other times proper conduct keeps us out of trouble. Oftentimes we behave prudently, not because of any positive reinforcements derived from our proper actions but to avoid punishment that might ens ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
... Decisions-broadly defined here as the results of an evaluation of possible options-can take a variety of forms, including both inferences and preferences. Inferences go beyond the information given to make predictions about the state of the world; for instance, knowing the color ofa fruit, can a dec ...
... Decisions-broadly defined here as the results of an evaluation of possible options-can take a variety of forms, including both inferences and preferences. Inferences go beyond the information given to make predictions about the state of the world; for instance, knowing the color ofa fruit, can a dec ...
Heritability and the evolution of cognitive traits
... suggesting that the relative effect of environment on g decreases across developmental time. A theory for human intelligence that is based strictly on environmental influence would predict the opposite trend (Toga and Thompson 2005). Finally, a recent study reported high heritability of both intell ...
... suggesting that the relative effect of environment on g decreases across developmental time. A theory for human intelligence that is based strictly on environmental influence would predict the opposite trend (Toga and Thompson 2005). Finally, a recent study reported high heritability of both intell ...
Quantitative Genetics and Evolution
... no effect of epistasis, and contribution of a single locus to genotypic value is G = A + D. The genotypic values for three genotypes are A1A1 (a), A1A2 (d) and A2A2 (-a), whereas allele frequencies are A1 (p) and A2 (q). Let us assume that the A1 allele increases and A2 allele decreases the trait va ...
... no effect of epistasis, and contribution of a single locus to genotypic value is G = A + D. The genotypic values for three genotypes are A1A1 (a), A1A2 (d) and A2A2 (-a), whereas allele frequencies are A1 (p) and A2 (q). Let us assume that the A1 allele increases and A2 allele decreases the trait va ...
The danger of applying the breeder`s equation in observational
... what genes will be represented in the next generation. For instance, in scenario 1, individuals with genes that promote large phenotypic values (red upward-pointing triangles) will be increasingly represented in future generations, given that the scenario illustrated in the top panels exists. In con ...
... what genes will be represented in the next generation. For instance, in scenario 1, individuals with genes that promote large phenotypic values (red upward-pointing triangles) will be increasingly represented in future generations, given that the scenario illustrated in the top panels exists. In con ...
BEYOND DIVINE INTERVENTION The Biology of Right and Wrong
... exact synonym for “humankind,” as in the literarily more easily used phrase, “Man says” which then parallels the terms “God says” and “Earth says.” This, I find, more linguistically balanced than the more cumbersome phrase, “Humankind says.” I beg the pardon of the reader who feels offended by my p ...
... exact synonym for “humankind,” as in the literarily more easily used phrase, “Man says” which then parallels the terms “God says” and “Earth says.” This, I find, more linguistically balanced than the more cumbersome phrase, “Humankind says.” I beg the pardon of the reader who feels offended by my p ...
The evolutionary synthesis and Th. Dobzhansky
... more harmonious, better, more adapted for a life, than others. Owing to an action of natural selection, some of these combinations will die out, others will be indifferent, the third useful. The new mutation at once after its occurrence gets in this sorting device of combinative variability and sele ...
... more harmonious, better, more adapted for a life, than others. Owing to an action of natural selection, some of these combinations will die out, others will be indifferent, the third useful. The new mutation at once after its occurrence gets in this sorting device of combinative variability and sele ...
Niche construction theory - synergy
... 1983, 2000; Odling-Smee, 1988). Niche construction theory (NCT) thus treats evolutionary change as ‘reciprocally caused’ (Laland and Sterelny, 2006), with organisms viewed as co-directing their own evolution. To quote Levins and Lewontin (1985, p. 106): “The organism influences its own evolution, by ...
... 1983, 2000; Odling-Smee, 1988). Niche construction theory (NCT) thus treats evolutionary change as ‘reciprocally caused’ (Laland and Sterelny, 2006), with organisms viewed as co-directing their own evolution. To quote Levins and Lewontin (1985, p. 106): “The organism influences its own evolution, by ...
Domains, Brains and Evolution
... At this point we need to tread carefully, because cognitive psychologists in general (and evolutionary psychologists in particular) employ a range of terminology in this area. For example, as well as the distinction between domain-specific and domain-general architectural features, a contrast is oft ...
... At this point we need to tread carefully, because cognitive psychologists in general (and evolutionary psychologists in particular) employ a range of terminology in this area. For example, as well as the distinction between domain-specific and domain-general architectural features, a contrast is oft ...
B. F. Skinner
... A soldier just back from the war, invites friends and his former professor to visit a community called Walden Two. A group of about 1000 members. Walden’s designer, Frazier, explains how the happy and the industrious behaviors they are seeing. Shaped using behavioral techniques. The competitive urg ...
... A soldier just back from the war, invites friends and his former professor to visit a community called Walden Two. A group of about 1000 members. Walden’s designer, Frazier, explains how the happy and the industrious behaviors they are seeing. Shaped using behavioral techniques. The competitive urg ...
- Digital Commons @ Kennesaw State University
... Although, the concept of knowledge has been classified into many kinds (e.g., declarative, conditional, etc…see Schraw, 1998), in the present study, knowledge is defined as “knowing about things.” Therefore, environmental apparel knowledge refers to consumers’ knowledge of the impact of apparels on ...
... Although, the concept of knowledge has been classified into many kinds (e.g., declarative, conditional, etc…see Schraw, 1998), in the present study, knowledge is defined as “knowing about things.” Therefore, environmental apparel knowledge refers to consumers’ knowledge of the impact of apparels on ...
Making Sense of Animal Conditioning
... digestion because stimuli that predict food may help to prepare the body for digestion of that food (Woods and Strubbe 1994). Classical conditioning is also thought to play a role in the development of learned preferences for and aversions to foods (Garcia and Koelling 1966). In the case of flavor a ...
... digestion because stimuli that predict food may help to prepare the body for digestion of that food (Woods and Strubbe 1994). Classical conditioning is also thought to play a role in the development of learned preferences for and aversions to foods (Garcia and Koelling 1966). In the case of flavor a ...
Darwin`s Theory of Natural Selection
... Peppered Moths: Natural Selection in Action England’s peppered moth provides an example of natural selection in action. It also offers us a chance to study the sorts of experiments that can be used to test evolutionary theory. The story is as follows. The peppered moth spends much of the daytime re ...
... Peppered Moths: Natural Selection in Action England’s peppered moth provides an example of natural selection in action. It also offers us a chance to study the sorts of experiments that can be used to test evolutionary theory. The story is as follows. The peppered moth spends much of the daytime re ...
modelling the ecological context of evolutionary change
... function (Maynard Smith 1978, Parker & Maynard Smith 1990). Optimality thinking and modelling has a long history in evolutionary biology, but the introduction of game-theoretic thinking and modelling to evolutionary biology took this approach to an entirely new level. Optimization models assume that ...
... function (Maynard Smith 1978, Parker & Maynard Smith 1990). Optimality thinking and modelling has a long history in evolutionary biology, but the introduction of game-theoretic thinking and modelling to evolutionary biology took this approach to an entirely new level. Optimization models assume that ...
Recent Evolutionary Theorizing About Economic Change
... continuing shocks, generated internally as well as externally, may make it hazardous to assume that the system ever will get to an equilibrium; thus the fixed or moving equilibrium in the theory must be understood as an “attractor” rather than a characteristic of where the system is. However, until ...
... continuing shocks, generated internally as well as externally, may make it hazardous to assume that the system ever will get to an equilibrium; thus the fixed or moving equilibrium in the theory must be understood as an “attractor” rather than a characteristic of where the system is. However, until ...
A. Directional Selection
... I. Postulates of Natural Selection Read the following information about the elephant population of Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda, Africa. Then fill in the table on the following page. Normally, nearly all African elephants, male and female, have tusks. In 1930, only 1 percent of the eleph ...
... I. Postulates of Natural Selection Read the following information about the elephant population of Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda, Africa. Then fill in the table on the following page. Normally, nearly all African elephants, male and female, have tusks. In 1930, only 1 percent of the eleph ...
Ecological genetics of floral evolution
... selection for functional integration among traits that act together. For example, stabilizing selection on anther exsertion (the projection of the anthers beyond the opening of the corolla tube) through differences in male fitness in wild radish (Fig. 14.2; Morgan and Conner 2001) increases the corr ...
... selection for functional integration among traits that act together. For example, stabilizing selection on anther exsertion (the projection of the anthers beyond the opening of the corolla tube) through differences in male fitness in wild radish (Fig. 14.2; Morgan and Conner 2001) increases the corr ...
Section 6.3: Mendel and Heredity
... of Evolution by Natural Selection with Mendelian genetics to create the Neo-Darwinian Synthesis. • The Neo-Darwinian Synthesis (also called the Modern Synthesis or simply Darwinism) is the current evolutionary theory (though it has undergone changes as we have improved our understanding of genetics) ...
... of Evolution by Natural Selection with Mendelian genetics to create the Neo-Darwinian Synthesis. • The Neo-Darwinian Synthesis (also called the Modern Synthesis or simply Darwinism) is the current evolutionary theory (though it has undergone changes as we have improved our understanding of genetics) ...