Developmental Constraints, Genetic Correlations
... When the above equation is not zero and contains a non-zero covariance term, evolution at the multi-trait level is often nonoptimal in the sense that not every trait, or even no traits, are at their optimal value. In this sense, many regard constraints and genetic correlations as interfering or limi ...
... When the above equation is not zero and contains a non-zero covariance term, evolution at the multi-trait level is often nonoptimal in the sense that not every trait, or even no traits, are at their optimal value. In this sense, many regard constraints and genetic correlations as interfering or limi ...
CHAPTER 2 FOUNDATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
... "Operant conditioning argues that behavior is a function of its consequences. People learn to have to get something they want or to avoid something they don't want" (p. 42). "Behavior is assumed to be determined from without – that is, learned – rather than from within – reflexive or unlearned. Skin ...
... "Operant conditioning argues that behavior is a function of its consequences. People learn to have to get something they want or to avoid something they don't want" (p. 42). "Behavior is assumed to be determined from without – that is, learned – rather than from within – reflexive or unlearned. Skin ...
Natural Selection Notes
... ADAPTATIONS • Some other structural adaptations are subtle. • Mimicry is a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species. ...
... ADAPTATIONS • Some other structural adaptations are subtle. • Mimicry is a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species. ...
Module1_PPT_AudioTranscription_08.29.16
... ○ So reproduction is the most important function, metabolism really just serves to keep those genes in the population. Slide 19 ○ So some students might be wondering at this point how could people possibly decide not to have children if reproduction is such an important and evolutionarily determined ...
... ○ So reproduction is the most important function, metabolism really just serves to keep those genes in the population. Slide 19 ○ So some students might be wondering at this point how could people possibly decide not to have children if reproduction is such an important and evolutionarily determined ...
4.6.05 - El Camino College
... • Evolution by sexual selection can occur either when females have the opportunity to select among potential mates, and/or when males compete among themselves for access to reproductive females. • Territoriality includes the type of defensive behavior needed to defend a territory. • Vocalization an ...
... • Evolution by sexual selection can occur either when females have the opportunity to select among potential mates, and/or when males compete among themselves for access to reproductive females. • Territoriality includes the type of defensive behavior needed to defend a territory. • Vocalization an ...
watson skinner and operant conditioning
... • Ideally reinforcement happens quickly…if not you could reinforce the wrong action • Humans do respond to delayed reinforcement (paychecks, not eating candy when trying to lose weight). Delayed gratification is an important skill. Studies show those who can are more socially competent and higher ac ...
... • Ideally reinforcement happens quickly…if not you could reinforce the wrong action • Humans do respond to delayed reinforcement (paychecks, not eating candy when trying to lose weight). Delayed gratification is an important skill. Studies show those who can are more socially competent and higher ac ...
Social Learning Theory
... between two points of view (that of the actor and the observer). 3. Self-Serving Bias – The tendency we have to attribute positive outcomes to our own dispositions and negative outcomes to ...
... between two points of view (that of the actor and the observer). 3. Self-Serving Bias – The tendency we have to attribute positive outcomes to our own dispositions and negative outcomes to ...
2. Operant Conditioning
... – Reduces sensitivity to violence and suffering of victims – Players more hostile, less forgiving and believe violence is “normal” – Can increase likelihood of aggression ...
... – Reduces sensitivity to violence and suffering of victims – Players more hostile, less forgiving and believe violence is “normal” – Can increase likelihood of aggression ...
Science and Evolution
... selection to act, i.e. natural selection does not create a variant but it ‘prefers’ it Preferred variant/phenotype must act in such a way as to influence fitness of offspring, i.e. Alzheimer’s will not be selected against b/c it occurs late in life long after childbearing years ...
... selection to act, i.e. natural selection does not create a variant but it ‘prefers’ it Preferred variant/phenotype must act in such a way as to influence fitness of offspring, i.e. Alzheimer’s will not be selected against b/c it occurs late in life long after childbearing years ...
Defining Psychology
... as a separate field of study. • The birth of psychology as a formal science can be traced back to 1879. • It was founded by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig, Germany. • The use of introspection ...
... as a separate field of study. • The birth of psychology as a formal science can be traced back to 1879. • It was founded by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig, Germany. • The use of introspection ...
Learning Theories in Art Education A variety of
... • Three Laws of Learning removed, and the neutral stimuli elicit ...
... • Three Laws of Learning removed, and the neutral stimuli elicit ...
ADAPTATIONS OF SPECIES
... that allow for specific functions. For example, the giraffe’s long neck is an adaptation because it allows the giraffe to reach leaves further up on trees. This provides an advantage because the giraffe can reach food that other adaptations: structures animals cannot reach. Since a longer neck provid ...
... that allow for specific functions. For example, the giraffe’s long neck is an adaptation because it allows the giraffe to reach leaves further up on trees. This provides an advantage because the giraffe can reach food that other adaptations: structures animals cannot reach. Since a longer neck provid ...
Systems of Psychology
... Psychology is to develop empirical laws that can be used to predict and control behavior B. In tradition of Kant ... Psychology of mind impossible C. Rejects idea that Psychology is about “mind”/”consciousness” ... it is science of behavior D. Watson’s rather than James’ form of functionlism E. “Met ...
... Psychology is to develop empirical laws that can be used to predict and control behavior B. In tradition of Kant ... Psychology of mind impossible C. Rejects idea that Psychology is about “mind”/”consciousness” ... it is science of behavior D. Watson’s rather than James’ form of functionlism E. “Met ...
Cause
... Bandura’s Social Learning Theory • Bandura’s early observational learning studies showed preschoolers enthusiastically mimicking the movie actions of an adult pummeling a Bobo doll. • He found that observed actions were most likely to be imitated when: – They were performed by a model who is attrac ...
... Bandura’s Social Learning Theory • Bandura’s early observational learning studies showed preschoolers enthusiastically mimicking the movie actions of an adult pummeling a Bobo doll. • He found that observed actions were most likely to be imitated when: – They were performed by a model who is attrac ...
Anthropology 390a Office: 308 Asbury Evolution for Everyone Office
... evolutionary biology, our premise is that this extraordinarily powerful framework for understanding life and behavior really belongs to everyone. By exploring interconnections across fields of knowledge, we’ll show how the evolutionary framework may lead you to find new insights on innumerable topic ...
... evolutionary biology, our premise is that this extraordinarily powerful framework for understanding life and behavior really belongs to everyone. By exploring interconnections across fields of knowledge, we’ll show how the evolutionary framework may lead you to find new insights on innumerable topic ...
LTNov17
... According to Guthrie, reward is important, but it does not strengthen the S-R association. The effect of reward is to change the stimulus context present prior to reward. ...
... According to Guthrie, reward is important, but it does not strengthen the S-R association. The effect of reward is to change the stimulus context present prior to reward. ...
Operant Conditioning
... an organism associates different stimuli that it does not control. Through operant conditioning, the organism associates its behaviors with consequences. Behaviors followed by reinforcements increase; those followed by punishers decrease. This simple but powerful principle has many applications and ...
... an organism associates different stimuli that it does not control. Through operant conditioning, the organism associates its behaviors with consequences. Behaviors followed by reinforcements increase; those followed by punishers decrease. This simple but powerful principle has many applications and ...
File
... children in teaching them the consequences of their actions. However, this theory was criticized for contradicting Darwin’s ideas of natural selection. Darwin believed that humans are constantly improving themselves to gain better self control by free will, whereas Skinner refused that by being dete ...
... children in teaching them the consequences of their actions. However, this theory was criticized for contradicting Darwin’s ideas of natural selection. Darwin believed that humans are constantly improving themselves to gain better self control by free will, whereas Skinner refused that by being dete ...
File - teacherver.com
... behavior that occurs through experiences. Learning is extremely important for both humans and animals in terms of survival, function and adaptation. A century of research on learning on lower animals suggests that principles generated initially from lower animals can also be applied to human beings. ...
... behavior that occurs through experiences. Learning is extremely important for both humans and animals in terms of survival, function and adaptation. A century of research on learning on lower animals suggests that principles generated initially from lower animals can also be applied to human beings. ...
Aim #74 - Manhasset Schools
... • Those who had an adaptive variation would survive. Those that don’t will die. This would lead to …. ...
... • Those who had an adaptive variation would survive. Those that don’t will die. This would lead to …. ...
Darwin and Natural Selection
... organisms caused by slow and continuous geologic change Charles Lyell (1797 – 1875): described uniformitarianism, the idea that Earth’s processes have remained at the same rate through all of time, so Earth is very old. Malthus (1766 – 1834): when more babies are born than deaths, war, famine, and d ...
... organisms caused by slow and continuous geologic change Charles Lyell (1797 – 1875): described uniformitarianism, the idea that Earth’s processes have remained at the same rate through all of time, so Earth is very old. Malthus (1766 – 1834): when more babies are born than deaths, war, famine, and d ...