NOTES: Natural Selection
... ______ 15. A fit organism is more likely to survive and reproduce than a less fit organism. ______ 16. Evolution is the changing of species over time. ______ 17. Natural selection has little to do with evolution. ______ 18. Natural selection explains how species can change over time. ...
... ______ 15. A fit organism is more likely to survive and reproduce than a less fit organism. ______ 16. Evolution is the changing of species over time. ______ 17. Natural selection has little to do with evolution. ______ 18. Natural selection explains how species can change over time. ...
click here
... 3. LEARNING BY OBSERVATION: This theory says that learning occurs not only through conditioning, but also from our observations of others. We learned behaviors by observing and imitating different models. For example, a child that sees his mom cut her finger whit a knife has learned not to touch it. ...
... 3. LEARNING BY OBSERVATION: This theory says that learning occurs not only through conditioning, but also from our observations of others. We learned behaviors by observing and imitating different models. For example, a child that sees his mom cut her finger whit a knife has learned not to touch it. ...
Empirical Background for Skinner`s Basic Arguments Regarding
... • This was a drastic change to Pavlov and Thorndike • As Skinner said, conditioning can occur with one single reinforcement – and nothing is faster than that • Much modern research focuses on collecting data over large time scales ...
... • This was a drastic change to Pavlov and Thorndike • As Skinner said, conditioning can occur with one single reinforcement – and nothing is faster than that • Much modern research focuses on collecting data over large time scales ...
Evolutionary Theory and Education
... Trivers R L 1972 Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Campbell B (ed.) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871–1971. Aldine, Chicago, IL Wilson E O 1975 Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA ...
... Trivers R L 1972 Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Campbell B (ed.) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871–1971. Aldine, Chicago, IL Wilson E O 1975 Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA ...
Issues in Personality Psychology
... - theorists stressing parts emphasize that the person is the sum of universal human characteristics - one's uniqueness is in the mix of universal characteristics e.g., trait theorists 4. Subject – Object - the subject orientation emphasizes that people are subjects of their lives: - live from their ...
... - theorists stressing parts emphasize that the person is the sum of universal human characteristics - one's uniqueness is in the mix of universal characteristics e.g., trait theorists 4. Subject – Object - the subject orientation emphasizes that people are subjects of their lives: - live from their ...
EAs
... Bäck T 1994, ‘Selective pressure in evolutionary algorithms: a characterization of selection mechanisms’, Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 57-62. Available from: IEEE Xplore Digital Library [28th August 2012]. Bäck T, Hammel, U & Schwefel, H-P 1997, ‘Evolutio ...
... Bäck T 1994, ‘Selective pressure in evolutionary algorithms: a characterization of selection mechanisms’, Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 57-62. Available from: IEEE Xplore Digital Library [28th August 2012]. Bäck T, Hammel, U & Schwefel, H-P 1997, ‘Evolutio ...
Dia 0
... MRs of risk MRs of strategic behavior in decision questions MRs of political program choices Influence of group discussion / assumed role ...
... MRs of risk MRs of strategic behavior in decision questions MRs of political program choices Influence of group discussion / assumed role ...
7.3 Natural selection - science
... Giraffes with longer necks would have been able Explain how Darwin would have to reach more food than those with shorter necks. ...
... Giraffes with longer necks would have been able Explain how Darwin would have to reach more food than those with shorter necks. ...
Study Guides
... period. The increase in small, soft seeds brought a(n) ________________________ (choose one: increase, decrease) in the number of large-beaked hatchlings the following year. Vocabulary Check 11. Humans are the selective agent in which type of process, artificial selection or natural selection? 12. T ...
... period. The increase in small, soft seeds brought a(n) ________________________ (choose one: increase, decrease) in the number of large-beaked hatchlings the following year. Vocabulary Check 11. Humans are the selective agent in which type of process, artificial selection or natural selection? 12. T ...
student copy - learning - APPsychBCA
... called learned helplessness. In new situation, animals that escaped the first shocks learned personal control and were able to able to easily escape shocks thereafter. ...
... called learned helplessness. In new situation, animals that escaped the first shocks learned personal control and were able to able to easily escape shocks thereafter. ...
Operant Conditioning - Gordon State College
... Punishment: The process by which a consequence decreases the probability of the behavior that it follows. ...
... Punishment: The process by which a consequence decreases the probability of the behavior that it follows. ...
observational learning
... Punishment: The process by which a consequence decreases the probability of the behavior that it follows. ...
... Punishment: The process by which a consequence decreases the probability of the behavior that it follows. ...
Learning – Chapter 5 Learning: process by which experience or
... increases the likelihood of the behavior to recur Example: Moving a student away from someone he or she talks to reinforces the behavior to not talk while the teacher is talking. o Punishers: consequences that decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring What are some forms of punishment th ...
... increases the likelihood of the behavior to recur Example: Moving a student away from someone he or she talks to reinforces the behavior to not talk while the teacher is talking. o Punishers: consequences that decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring What are some forms of punishment th ...
Kuzawa Review of Human Life History in Anthropos
... unusual for shutting down reproduction at the menopause, often several decades prior to the end of life. Explaining how and why this unusual human life history strategy evolved is a source of perennial debate among biological anthropologists. This edited volume is the output of a 2002 School of Amer ...
... unusual for shutting down reproduction at the menopause, often several decades prior to the end of life. Explaining how and why this unusual human life history strategy evolved is a source of perennial debate among biological anthropologists. This edited volume is the output of a 2002 School of Amer ...
Reinforcement - Eagan High School
... Negative reinforcement • Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with the REMOVAL of something undesirable • Ex. Headache/meds, mom/nag, torture, • Seatbelt ding in car ...
... Negative reinforcement • Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with the REMOVAL of something undesirable • Ex. Headache/meds, mom/nag, torture, • Seatbelt ding in car ...
Theorists: Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud, and BF Skinner
... interest “in building all sorts of things, an interest that followed him throughout his professional life” (p. 233). In 1931, Skinner graduated from Harvard University with a Ph.D. in psychology (Corey, 2009). Skinner taught at several other universities, but eventually returned to Harvard (Corey, 2 ...
... interest “in building all sorts of things, an interest that followed him throughout his professional life” (p. 233). In 1931, Skinner graduated from Harvard University with a Ph.D. in psychology (Corey, 2009). Skinner taught at several other universities, but eventually returned to Harvard (Corey, 2 ...
Skinner
... be the case for the 8th graders because they are older and understand much more. Their motives may be different than the 2nd graders where they are acting intrinsically. We believe that the physical reinforcement of a pencil or pen will have a greater effect on the children, more so on the 2nd grade ...
... be the case for the 8th graders because they are older and understand much more. Their motives may be different than the 2nd graders where they are acting intrinsically. We believe that the physical reinforcement of a pencil or pen will have a greater effect on the children, more so on the 2nd grade ...
07Learning
... How does thinking effect your behavior? • Behavior is not automatically produced by a reward. • We think about it, and ask: How much of the reward do I get? What are the chances of getting the reward? Is the reward worth it? ...
... How does thinking effect your behavior? • Behavior is not automatically produced by a reward. • We think about it, and ask: How much of the reward do I get? What are the chances of getting the reward? Is the reward worth it? ...
File
... September, the students didn’t respond to this new sound. Teachers had to usher them out the door. However, in October the new beeping alarm went off as the halls filled with smoke. Frightened students hurried out of the school to safety. In November, the beeping alarm went off again, and the studen ...
... September, the students didn’t respond to this new sound. Teachers had to usher them out the door. However, in October the new beeping alarm went off as the halls filled with smoke. Frightened students hurried out of the school to safety. In November, the beeping alarm went off again, and the studen ...
CAUSES OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Throughout history, the search
... single culture and within the same country. Fear and phobias are universal occurring across all cultures. For example: Children living in war zones areas of the world are constantly under the fear of potentially life threatening events. ...
... single culture and within the same country. Fear and phobias are universal occurring across all cultures. For example: Children living in war zones areas of the world are constantly under the fear of potentially life threatening events. ...
No Slide Title
... Partial/intermittent: Variation in reinforcement for each “correct” response ...
... Partial/intermittent: Variation in reinforcement for each “correct” response ...
Animal aggregations and emergent properties
... Why do animals aggregate? • Protection • Reproduction • Energy saving ...
... Why do animals aggregate? • Protection • Reproduction • Energy saving ...
Lecture Slides - Boston University
... Predictions: Behavioral flexibility is expected to arise … When animal lifeways strongly incentivize the detection and processing of a range of informational signals whose natures and sources vary substantially over space and time, development and evolutionary tradeoffs ...
... Predictions: Behavioral flexibility is expected to arise … When animal lifeways strongly incentivize the detection and processing of a range of informational signals whose natures and sources vary substantially over space and time, development and evolutionary tradeoffs ...