8 The Evolution of Phenotypes
... islands have a number of advantages that helped the Grants’ in their study of evolution. The islands are small and the diversity of species on each island is low, making it a fairly simple system to understand. There are only a few suitable seed types on each island. The habitat is open so it is rel ...
... islands have a number of advantages that helped the Grants’ in their study of evolution. The islands are small and the diversity of species on each island is low, making it a fairly simple system to understand. There are only a few suitable seed types on each island. The habitat is open so it is rel ...
Levels of Selection: A Place for Cultural Selection
... following the identification of mediating genetic mechanisms, the principle is now broadly accepted at the phylogenetic level. A comparable general acceptance of the role of operant selection at the ontogenetic level may depend on a corresponding identification of mediating neural mechanisms. Skinne ...
... following the identification of mediating genetic mechanisms, the principle is now broadly accepted at the phylogenetic level. A comparable general acceptance of the role of operant selection at the ontogenetic level may depend on a corresponding identification of mediating neural mechanisms. Skinne ...
The psychology of B. F. Skinner by William O`Donohue
... world with the same principles he applied in his own life. The authors spend the latter portion of the book describing what they see to be both valid and invalid criticisms of Skinner’s work. They begin by describing the difference between good and bad exegesis and valid and invalid criticism. They ...
... world with the same principles he applied in his own life. The authors spend the latter portion of the book describing what they see to be both valid and invalid criticisms of Skinner’s work. They begin by describing the difference between good and bad exegesis and valid and invalid criticism. They ...
less would have been more1 - Stephen Stearns
... reinvigorate paleontology, launch macroevolution on a new course, and provide a context in which development could be integrated into evolution. Those are not minor accomplishments. But what was his contribution to evolutionary theory, the focus of this book? Here I argue that he deserves quite a bi ...
... reinvigorate paleontology, launch macroevolution on a new course, and provide a context in which development could be integrated into evolution. Those are not minor accomplishments. But what was his contribution to evolutionary theory, the focus of this book? Here I argue that he deserves quite a bi ...
Genetics and the making of Homo sapiens
... stantial relative changes occurred over an extended time span and a significant number of speciation events. There was a marked increase in absolute brain size by the Early Pleistocene and again in the Middle Pleistocene, with a long interval of perhaps 1 Myr during which brain size did not change s ...
... stantial relative changes occurred over an extended time span and a significant number of speciation events. There was a marked increase in absolute brain size by the Early Pleistocene and again in the Middle Pleistocene, with a long interval of perhaps 1 Myr during which brain size did not change s ...
The Underlying Theory of the Rape Prevention and Education
... The second element of the diffusion of an innovation is the communication channels by which the innovation is spread from one person or unit (Rogers, 1995). Of particular interest is how the innovation is spread from a person/unit who has knowledge about the innovation (e.g., the rape prevention pro ...
... The second element of the diffusion of an innovation is the communication channels by which the innovation is spread from one person or unit (Rogers, 1995). Of particular interest is how the innovation is spread from a person/unit who has knowledge about the innovation (e.g., the rape prevention pro ...
Creating Safer Communities: The Underlying Theory of the Rape
... consideration of how the innovation is disseminated or communicated, how developers of the innovation and people within the social system work together, and the greater social context (Glanz, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002). Better information occurs face to face between two people who are similar. To develop ...
... consideration of how the innovation is disseminated or communicated, how developers of the innovation and people within the social system work together, and the greater social context (Glanz, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002). Better information occurs face to face between two people who are similar. To develop ...
The Process of Learning: Skinner`s Scientific Analysis of
... In fourth chapter of “From Skinner to Rogers; Contrasting Approaches to Education” the authors Frank Milhollan and Bill E. Forisha discuss in detail all the aspects of conditioning and operant conditioning. Here is the comprehensive summary of the concepts: Two classes of behavior: ‘Reflex’ or ‘invo ...
... In fourth chapter of “From Skinner to Rogers; Contrasting Approaches to Education” the authors Frank Milhollan and Bill E. Forisha discuss in detail all the aspects of conditioning and operant conditioning. Here is the comprehensive summary of the concepts: Two classes of behavior: ‘Reflex’ or ‘invo ...
Module 10 Presentation
... processes such as attention & memory • Cognitive map – Mental representation in the brain of the layout of an environment and its features ...
... processes such as attention & memory • Cognitive map – Mental representation in the brain of the layout of an environment and its features ...
Deviance
... • Deviance is often very mild – recall some instance in which you broke a social rule and answer the following questions: – What was the reaction? – Why do you think people reacted this way? – What was your response to their reaction? ...
... • Deviance is often very mild – recall some instance in which you broke a social rule and answer the following questions: – What was the reaction? – Why do you think people reacted this way? – What was your response to their reaction? ...
Cultural Niche Construction
... their own, and other species’ evolution. Examples of niche construction include animals manufacturing nests, burrows, webs, and pupal cases; plants changing levels of atmospheric gases and modifying nutrient cycles; fungi decomposing organic matter; and bacteria fixing nutrients. Organisms also cons ...
... their own, and other species’ evolution. Examples of niche construction include animals manufacturing nests, burrows, webs, and pupal cases; plants changing levels of atmospheric gases and modifying nutrient cycles; fungi decomposing organic matter; and bacteria fixing nutrients. Organisms also cons ...
darwin`s other mistake - The Rose, Mueller, and Greer Laboratories
... prevented Darwin from giving appropriate attention to the hypothesis of discrete inheritance, leading evolutionary biology up a blind alley of blending inheritance. This was the famous mistake that is a key motif in the education of beginning evolutionary biologists. Darwin’s other mistake also came ...
... prevented Darwin from giving appropriate attention to the hypothesis of discrete inheritance, leading evolutionary biology up a blind alley of blending inheritance. This was the famous mistake that is a key motif in the education of beginning evolutionary biologists. Darwin’s other mistake also came ...
Basic Learning Processes - Webcourses
... Relative value theory: Theory of reinforcement that considers reinforcers to be behaviors rather than stimuli and that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to its probability relative to other behaviors. Response-deprivation theory: The theory of reinforcement that maintains that a behavior is re ...
... Relative value theory: Theory of reinforcement that considers reinforcers to be behaviors rather than stimuli and that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to its probability relative to other behaviors. Response-deprivation theory: The theory of reinforcement that maintains that a behavior is re ...
Operant Conditioning
... Limitations of Punishment • Punishment often only produces temporary suppression • Punishment produces undesirable emotional side effects • Children who are physically punished learn to model or imitate aggressive acts and often become more aggressive in their interactions with others • Punishment ...
... Limitations of Punishment • Punishment often only produces temporary suppression • Punishment produces undesirable emotional side effects • Children who are physically punished learn to model or imitate aggressive acts and often become more aggressive in their interactions with others • Punishment ...
Beginnings - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... ural selection to ensure an infant’s closeness to the caregiver for feeding and protection from danger. ...
... ural selection to ensure an infant’s closeness to the caregiver for feeding and protection from danger. ...
slide show - Psycholosphere
... • Hume saw science as an amusing pastime that revealed habits of the mind and had no chance of producing useful explanations. He saw philosophy similarly. Bacon saw science as something that needed to be done in order to replace doctrine and tradition with scientific facts that could improve the hum ...
... • Hume saw science as an amusing pastime that revealed habits of the mind and had no chance of producing useful explanations. He saw philosophy similarly. Bacon saw science as something that needed to be done in order to replace doctrine and tradition with scientific facts that could improve the hum ...
Theories of Criminality and Problems of Prediction
... mitigated by the peer group. Schachtel found that defiance of adult authority was one crucial symptom of delinquent behavior. He stated:10 The most important consideration in answering (whether a boy would or would not become delinquent) was whether or not the boy showed much dependence on or fear o ...
... mitigated by the peer group. Schachtel found that defiance of adult authority was one crucial symptom of delinquent behavior. He stated:10 The most important consideration in answering (whether a boy would or would not become delinquent) was whether or not the boy showed much dependence on or fear o ...
Philosophical Issues in Biology Education
... will examine whether the concept of a law of nature can help us to understand them. I will examine several controversies about the applicability of the concept of a natural law to the life sciences, including whether biological generalizations have exceptions, are riddled with ceteris-paribus provis ...
... will examine whether the concept of a law of nature can help us to understand them. I will examine several controversies about the applicability of the concept of a natural law to the life sciences, including whether biological generalizations have exceptions, are riddled with ceteris-paribus provis ...
What is innateness? - Theory and Method in Biosciences
... of thought that seems to imply the existence of some underlying, unobservable property that guarantees identity has been labeled "psychological essentialism" by Douglas Medin (Medin & Ortony, 1989), but here I will refer to it as "folk essentialism": People act as if things (e.g., objects) have esse ...
... of thought that seems to imply the existence of some underlying, unobservable property that guarantees identity has been labeled "psychological essentialism" by Douglas Medin (Medin & Ortony, 1989), but here I will refer to it as "folk essentialism": People act as if things (e.g., objects) have esse ...
Classical Conditioning - Anoka
... behavior when away from the punisher • Can lead to fear, anxiety, and lower selfesteem • Children who are punished physically may learn to use aggression as a means to solve problems. ...
... behavior when away from the punisher • Can lead to fear, anxiety, and lower selfesteem • Children who are punished physically may learn to use aggression as a means to solve problems. ...
Is evolution fundamental when it comes to defining biological
... defines an evolutionary individual in terms of its possession of mechanisms that ground a capacity to participate in a process of evolution by natural selection. Definition: An evolutionary individual is a collection of living parts which has some capacity for responding to selection at the between- ...
... defines an evolutionary individual in terms of its possession of mechanisms that ground a capacity to participate in a process of evolution by natural selection. Definition: An evolutionary individual is a collection of living parts which has some capacity for responding to selection at the between- ...
Quranic Concept of Evolution
... heavyweights, and middleweights. But no such traces of variant bears are discovered in the arctic where the atmosphere is conducive to preserving fossils. 9 Nature is full of examples that indicate that there is more to evolution than mutation can explain. For example, how does mutation logically ex ...
... heavyweights, and middleweights. But no such traces of variant bears are discovered in the arctic where the atmosphere is conducive to preserving fossils. 9 Nature is full of examples that indicate that there is more to evolution than mutation can explain. For example, how does mutation logically ex ...
LCog paper 1
... reinforcers, punishers, discriminative stimuli, and conditioned responses is often seen by the general public as a past-time for the draconian and lab-coat donning scientific community— ruling over rats in boxes. Society often limits human applications of operant psychology to the areas of potty tra ...
... reinforcers, punishers, discriminative stimuli, and conditioned responses is often seen by the general public as a past-time for the draconian and lab-coat donning scientific community— ruling over rats in boxes. Society often limits human applications of operant psychology to the areas of potty tra ...
File - Coach Wilkinson`s AP Euro Site
... reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. Reinforcing someone after a variable amount of time is the final schedule. If you have a boss who checks your work periodically, you understand the power of this schedule. Because you don’t know when the next ‘check-up’ might come, you have to b ...
... reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. Reinforcing someone after a variable amount of time is the final schedule. If you have a boss who checks your work periodically, you understand the power of this schedule. Because you don’t know when the next ‘check-up’ might come, you have to b ...