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Study Guide for Exam II
Study Guide for Exam II

... How can you tell the difference between a monocot and a dicot? Name the 3 tissue types for plants and name their functions. Name the 3 organ types for plants and describe their function. What is the difference between xylem and phloem? What organ are stomata found on and what do they do? Why are sto ...
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... In addition to the four blood types, there is a positive and negative component in the blood, known as the Rh factor. Rh+ (positive) blood contains this factor, and Rh- (negative) blood does not. The Rh factor is a type of antigen, or substance that causes the body to produce ...
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Blood type



A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and collectively form a blood group system.Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. A total of 35 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). The two most important ones are ABO and the RhD antigen; they determine someone's blood type (A, B, AB and O, with +, − or Null denoting RhD status).Many pregnant women carry a fetus with a blood type which is different from their own, which is not a problem. What can matter is whether the baby is RhD positive or negative. Mothers who are RhD- and carry a RhD+ baby can form antibodies against fetal RBCs. Sometimes these maternal antibodies are IgG, a small immunoglobulin, which can cross the placenta and cause hemolysis of fetal RBCs, which in turn can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn called erythroblastosis fetalis, an illness of low fetal blood counts that ranges from mild to severe. Sometimes this is lethal for the fetus; in these cases it is called hydrops fetalis.
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