Biomolecular chemistry 3. Translating the genetic code
... as opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. • If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. • If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensica ...
... as opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. • If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. • If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensica ...
The Process Whereby Your Genes Make Your Proteins
... carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), which is what makes a compound an acid (therefore the name “amino acid”). Note also that they all also have a side chain (also called an organic group, an R group, or a functional group), and that each amino acid’s side chain is different from the other amino acids’ si ...
... carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), which is what makes a compound an acid (therefore the name “amino acid”). Note also that they all also have a side chain (also called an organic group, an R group, or a functional group), and that each amino acid’s side chain is different from the other amino acids’ si ...
presentation source
... Many enzymes have sites for cations, such as Ca2+ and Zn2+. Other cations, such as K+ and Na+, have weak but significant affinity for the same sites. [K+]i and [Na+]i >> [Ca2+]i and [Zn2+]i. Organic solutes are neutral or zwitterionic and do not interfere with enzymes. ...
... Many enzymes have sites for cations, such as Ca2+ and Zn2+. Other cations, such as K+ and Na+, have weak but significant affinity for the same sites. [K+]i and [Na+]i >> [Ca2+]i and [Zn2+]i. Organic solutes are neutral or zwitterionic and do not interfere with enzymes. ...
Model Description Sheet
... the abrasion. Thrombin is the central molecule in hemostasis, which is the process of stopping blood flow. When blood vessels are cut open, Factor VII – a protein that helps the process of blood clotting – is released and comes into contact with tissue factor found on cells. When this happens, facto ...
... the abrasion. Thrombin is the central molecule in hemostasis, which is the process of stopping blood flow. When blood vessels are cut open, Factor VII – a protein that helps the process of blood clotting – is released and comes into contact with tissue factor found on cells. When this happens, facto ...
Transcription and Translation
... Corrects damage which causes distortions in the double helix • A repair endonuclease or uvr ABC endonuclease removes the damaged bases along with some bases on either side of thee lesion • The usual gap is about 12 nucleotides long. It is filled by DNA polymerase and ligase joins the fragments. • Th ...
... Corrects damage which causes distortions in the double helix • A repair endonuclease or uvr ABC endonuclease removes the damaged bases along with some bases on either side of thee lesion • The usual gap is about 12 nucleotides long. It is filled by DNA polymerase and ligase joins the fragments. • Th ...
Synthesis of Novel Steroid-Peptoid Hybrid Macrocycles by
... and 12% yield, respectively. This procedure relies on the performance of double and threefold Ugi4CR-based macrocyclizations that furnish the dimeric and trimeric N-substituted cyclocholamides 18 and 19, respectively. The corresponding tetramer was formed only in traces as detected by ESI-MS, but it ...
... and 12% yield, respectively. This procedure relies on the performance of double and threefold Ugi4CR-based macrocyclizations that furnish the dimeric and trimeric N-substituted cyclocholamides 18 and 19, respectively. The corresponding tetramer was formed only in traces as detected by ESI-MS, but it ...
Central Dogma of Genetics
... – 1. A 3 base sequence of mRNA that codes for an amino acid – 2. A 3 base sequence of rRNA that codes for an amino acid – 3. A 3 base sequence of tRNA that codes for an amino acid – 4. A 3 base sequence of DNA that codes for an amino acid ...
... – 1. A 3 base sequence of mRNA that codes for an amino acid – 2. A 3 base sequence of rRNA that codes for an amino acid – 3. A 3 base sequence of tRNA that codes for an amino acid – 4. A 3 base sequence of DNA that codes for an amino acid ...
Chapter 6 From DNA to Protein: How Cell Read the Genome
... (1) To increase the stability of the eucaryotic mRNA molecule Functions:(2) To aid its export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (3) To identify the RNA molecule as an mRNA ...
... (1) To increase the stability of the eucaryotic mRNA molecule Functions:(2) To aid its export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (3) To identify the RNA molecule as an mRNA ...
Ion exchange chromatography File
... Resins with low degree of cross-linking are more permeable to high molecular weight compounds, but they are less rigid and swell more when placed in buffer Sulphonation of cross-linked polystyrene results in sulphonated polystyrene resin such as Dowex 50- strong acidic exchanger Basic exchangers are ...
... Resins with low degree of cross-linking are more permeable to high molecular weight compounds, but they are less rigid and swell more when placed in buffer Sulphonation of cross-linked polystyrene results in sulphonated polystyrene resin such as Dowex 50- strong acidic exchanger Basic exchangers are ...
- TestbankU
... chemistry is fundamental to a functional understanding of the many structures that bacteria possess. It is important for students to understand that that everything is made up of chemicals and that life relies on chemical reactions. After all, cells are really just big bags of chemicals and the proc ...
... chemistry is fundamental to a functional understanding of the many structures that bacteria possess. It is important for students to understand that that everything is made up of chemicals and that life relies on chemical reactions. After all, cells are really just big bags of chemicals and the proc ...
Metabolism ppt
... disaccharides. Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary. The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized. ...
... disaccharides. Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary. The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized. ...
4.5 Topic Checklist Carbonyl Compounds
... a recognition of the properties and uses of acids and esters. an appreciation of the use of acid chlorides in organic synthesis. an appreciation of how acid chlorides may react at a molecular level. a series of practical skills associated with the synthesis and analysis of organic compounds. ...
... a recognition of the properties and uses of acids and esters. an appreciation of the use of acid chlorides in organic synthesis. an appreciation of how acid chlorides may react at a molecular level. a series of practical skills associated with the synthesis and analysis of organic compounds. ...
SH3 Domain Boundary Determination Based on Fungal
... The domain boundaries for 3 SH3 domains, namely Bem1-2, Bud14, and Sla1-1 were reevaluated based on multiple sequence alignments of their respective homologues across several fungal species. The protein sequences used in the multiple sequence alignment were retrieved from the “Fungal Alignment” tool ...
... The domain boundaries for 3 SH3 domains, namely Bem1-2, Bud14, and Sla1-1 were reevaluated based on multiple sequence alignments of their respective homologues across several fungal species. The protein sequences used in the multiple sequence alignment were retrieved from the “Fungal Alignment” tool ...
biomolecules
... Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration synthesis reactions. Carbohydrate polysaccharides can be made from the same type of monomers, or from different monosaccharides linked together. Look at the example of sucrose in the diagram on the previous page. Sucrose ...
... Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration synthesis reactions. Carbohydrate polysaccharides can be made from the same type of monomers, or from different monosaccharides linked together. Look at the example of sucrose in the diagram on the previous page. Sucrose ...
Nucleic acids
... (i) DNA- Genomic information (nucleosomes, chromatin) •This chemical substance is present in the nucleus of all cells in all living organisms •It controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells • The kind of cell which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc) is controlled by DNA • The kin ...
... (i) DNA- Genomic information (nucleosomes, chromatin) •This chemical substance is present in the nucleus of all cells in all living organisms •It controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells • The kind of cell which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc) is controlled by DNA • The kin ...
Crystal Structures of Two Viral IRES RNA Domains Bound to the
... synthesize their viral proteins. During viral infections, host cells down-regulate capdependent initiation as a defense, but some viruses utilize a structural feature in their RNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to bypass the requirement for a capped structure and for some of the initi ...
... synthesize their viral proteins. During viral infections, host cells down-regulate capdependent initiation as a defense, but some viruses utilize a structural feature in their RNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to bypass the requirement for a capped structure and for some of the initi ...
2: Enzymes
... a food processor style contraption. Homogenization produces a mixture of membranes, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm and nuclei known as homogenate. The homogenate is then separated by centrifuging it at various speeds to separate the larger from the smaller organelles. Finally, to obtain pure enz ...
... a food processor style contraption. Homogenization produces a mixture of membranes, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm and nuclei known as homogenate. The homogenate is then separated by centrifuging it at various speeds to separate the larger from the smaller organelles. Finally, to obtain pure enz ...
Biomolecular chemistry 3. Translating the genetic code
... opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensical prote ...
... opposed to RNA, level) which may or may not be in the correct frame. If the next ATG encodes an in frame methionine, the translated protein will be missing the N-terminal sequence between its first two methionine residues. If the next ATG is out of frame (see +2 translation) then a nonsensical prote ...
Globin Gene Exercise
... Your students will also find in this exercise that the second exon is translated in the a reading frame, and the third is translated in the b reading frame. Does this mean that the ribosome actually switches from reading frame c to a to b as it translates this mRNA into protein? No. Before the mRNA ...
... Your students will also find in this exercise that the second exon is translated in the a reading frame, and the third is translated in the b reading frame. Does this mean that the ribosome actually switches from reading frame c to a to b as it translates this mRNA into protein? No. Before the mRNA ...
Bottromycin
Bottromycin is a macrocyclic peptide with antibiotic activity. It was first discovered in 1957 as a natural product isolated from Streptomyces bottropensis. It has been shown to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) among other Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma. Bottromycin is structurally distinct from both vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, and methicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic.Bottromycin binds to the A site of the ribosome and blocks the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, therefore inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Although bottromycin exhibits antibacterial activity in vitro, it has not yet been developed as a clinical antibiotic, potentially due to its poor stability in blood plasma. To increase its stability in vivo, some bottromycin derivatives have been explored.The structure of bottromycin contains a macrocyclic amidine as well as a thiazole ring. The absolute stereochemistry at several chiral centers has been determined as of 2009. In 2012, a three-dimensional solution structure of bottromycin was published. The solution structure revealed that several methyl groups are on the same face of the structure.Bottromycin falls within the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide class of natural product.