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Introduction to Genomics, Bioinformatics - UNC
Introduction to Genomics, Bioinformatics - UNC

... • Physicians will use genetic information to diagnose and treat disease. • Virtually all medical conditions have a genetic component • Faster drug development research: (pharmacogenomics) • Individualized drugs • All Biologists/Doctors will use gene sequence information in their daily work ...
S-strain (virulent)
S-strain (virulent)

... 4. New nucleotides begin to attach to the original DNA ...
A graph-theoretic modeling on GO space for biological interpretation
A graph-theoretic modeling on GO space for biological interpretation

... Not only DNA microarray data, but also any kinds of group analysis with any ontology having an identical structure with GO ...
Deciphering the Structure of the Hereditary Material
Deciphering the Structure of the Hereditary Material

... People have wondered since ancient times how the characteristics of parents are passed on to children. The puzzle was finally solved in detail in the 1950s in probably the greatest scientific advance of the twentieth century. This breakthrough gave birth to genetic engineering, molecular genetics an ...
DNA and Protein Synthesis
DNA and Protein Synthesis

... C A T • Errors sometimes occur (about 1 error/10,000 pairs) I • If a mismatch occurs, the DNA polymerase can backtrack, remove the incorrect nucleotide, and O replace it with the correct one. N ...
8.6 Gene Expression and Regulation
8.6 Gene Expression and Regulation

... These proteins interact with operator sections of genes Function to control gene expression Different than in bacteria because structural proteins are not linked together in operons- they may be far apart or on different chromosomes •Introns Introns- intervening sequences of bases within genes t ...
CHAPTER 8 THE CELL CYCLE
CHAPTER 8 THE CELL CYCLE

... REPRODUCTION/BINARY FISSION TO GET 2 NEW ORGANISMS SUCH AS PROTISTS  MULTICELLULARASEXUAL /BINARY FISSION FOR NEW TISSUES (GROWTH, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE) ...
Pita
Pita

... • Map a cloned rice blast resistance gene to its putative location in the rice genome • Compare its position to that of other mapped resistance genes What do we already know ? • The rice disease resistance gene Pi-ta • Genetically mapped to chromosome 12 Rybka et al. (1997). • It has also been seque ...
Mamm_Genome yTrx1-2 + refs
Mamm_Genome yTrx1-2 + refs

... the Trx12 sequence is flanked by a 15 bp direct repeat (with only one mismatch) that is believed to play a role in the insertion of the sequence into the genome (Vanin 1985). Fifth, the promoter regions described for human Trx1 (TATA box and SP1 binding site) have been replaced in Trx1-2 sequence, ...
Laboratory Exam I - HCC Learning Web
Laboratory Exam I - HCC Learning Web

... What is the difference between xylem and phloem? What color of the visible light spectrum is the least effective in photosynthesis (it is not absorbed)? What is paper chromatography? What is the basis of fractionation (there are 3 possible answer choices)? Which pigment acts as the reaction center m ...
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Slide 1

... 1. A Venn Diagram of Mitosis and Meiosis 2. A flow-chart describing the steps of recombinant DNA technology ...
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Pipe Cleaner Protein

... ◦ DNA sequence written out ◦ mRNA sequence written out ◦ Amino acid sequence written out ...
What is RNA, and How Does it Differ from DNA?
What is RNA, and How Does it Differ from DNA?

... – DNA is found in all living things (all life related?) – The hereditary material; found in the nucleus of eukaryotes (copied before each cell division; passes codes for physical traits to offspring) – Today, segments of DNA (genes) can be manipulated, and can be removed from/inserted into organisms ...
Developing a new genetic system in bacteria
Developing a new genetic system in bacteria

... – Fusing reporter gene with start codon (translational fusion) retains ribosome binding site from target organism – Fusing reporter gene with promoter usually replaces native ribosome binding site with that of reporter gene (due to proximity of ribosome binding site to start codon – need to add a go ...
Chapter 9 answers
Chapter 9 answers

... Your friend Gorinda wants to know if there are ever mutations that don’t cause problems. What do you tell him? Certainly. If a mutation is in a place that is not actually read to make an amino acid chain, then it may not cause any change at all. If the mutation falls at the end of a codon, it may st ...
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... human cell, 23 pairs of chromosomes fit in a structure that is one-tenth the width of a human hair, but if you unwound the chromosomes, the DNA would be six feet long. All living things contain DNA recipes and use them to make proteins. This amazing commonality across all forms of life has made poss ...
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... production of the desired gene. Here are the steps… You can’t just cut DNA anywhere (could cause damage), there are special DNA sequences called restriction sites where restriction enzymes cut the DNA into the desired fragment. ...
Protein Synthesis (Transcription and Translation) Really Think about
Protein Synthesis (Transcription and Translation) Really Think about

... 16. How many codons would you need to code for a protein with 12 amino acids? 17. Using the 20 different amino acids how can you create proteins that are different from each other? ...
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Mutations and gene regulation
Mutations and gene regulation

... • Inversions reverse the direction of parts of chromosomes. ...
Document
Document

... would explain the variation and why it was developed. 23,000 genes in humans (The human genome project) Many of our key genes are identical to many other animals What else contributes to evolution? The embryo is the platform for diversity based on the genes. All living creatures are made from the sa ...
Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering, Chapter Summary Date
Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering, Chapter Summary Date

... 2. scientists manipulate the DNA molecule in hopes to increase this. 3. a tool used to ensure that the characteristics that make each breed unique will preserved by crossing individuals with similar characteristics. 4. these bacteria have been engineered to produce human proteins like insulin, human ...
Biology Homework Chapter 8
Biology Homework Chapter 8

... 3. Draw and Explain how non-disjunction during meiosis can result in an individual having an extra chromosome (47 of them!). Please refer to either Trisomy 21 or Klinefelter’s Syndrome (XXY) in your explanation. (See figure 8.14, page 194 for help) ...
so difficult to define a “bacterial genome”
so difficult to define a “bacterial genome”

... essential for respiration (mito) and photosynthesis (chl) see Fig.8.11-813 ...
Name:
Name:

... Molecular Genetics: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis  Structure of a nucleotide  Structure of DNA; base-pairing  DNA replication  Central dogma: DNA  RNA  Protein  DNA v. RNA  Protein synthesis: transcription & translation o mRNA v. rRNA v. tRNA o codon v. anticodon o genetic code chart – be abl ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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