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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... mRNA is transcribed as a whole transcript 2. Introns = DNA or RNA that does not have information for protein 3. Exons = DNA or RNA DNA or RNA containing information for proteins 4. Must splice out introns for RNA to function mRNA Splicing ...
The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements
The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

... R plasmids are the main carriers of drug resistance. These plasmids are selfreplicating and contain any number of genes for drug resistance, as well as the genes necessary for transfer by conjugation (called the RTF region). It is R plasmid’s ability to transfer rapidly to other cells, even those of ...
GO : the Gene Ontology
GO : the Gene Ontology

... • Different names for the same concept • Vast amounts of biological data from different sources  Cross-species or cross-database comparison is difficult ...
Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering

... • Contain DNA from another species • New genes make crop plants less vulnerable to disease and pests ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

Supplementary Methods Sequencing of Multiplex PCR Amplicons
Supplementary Methods Sequencing of Multiplex PCR Amplicons

Key terms: Positional homology Homoplasy Reversal Parallelism
Key terms: Positional homology Homoplasy Reversal Parallelism

... homologous”. Use the concept of positional homology in an alignment of DNA sequences to illustrate these concepts. 2. Assume you have several DNA sequences and that they are sufficiently divergent for multiple substitutions to have occurred at a given site. List and explain the possible sources of h ...
DNA replication
DNA replication

... or more chains of amino acids, polypeptides. • Amino acids: class of 20 different organic compounds containing a basic amino group (-NH2) and an acidic carboxyl group (COOH). • The order of the amino acids is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene coding for the protein. • E.g. h ...
Mutation PowerPoint
Mutation PowerPoint

powerpoint notes
powerpoint notes

... When RNA polymerase reaches the terminator region on the DNA it will stop and release the mRNA ...
Dr Anthony Isles
Dr Anthony Isles

... → Changes in encoded product (amino acid sequence) → Changes in regulatory regions that effect expression • Epigenetics influence gene expression • Epigenetic change may interact with genetic variation • Provides the molecular link between genes and ...
Document
Document

... Because of the vast amounts of data that are generated, we need new approaches •high throughput assays •robotics •high speed computing •statistics •bioinformatics ...
Powerpoint slides
Powerpoint slides

... –pick a different chromosome and gene –document the following by including a screen shot of each feature –this should be turned in to Kristen electronically and will be graded –this will really be graded for content, not just for effort –since Kristen will need to grade a lot of these, your grade wi ...
Comparison of methods for reconstruction of models for
Comparison of methods for reconstruction of models for

... Comparison of models: Models were tested on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression [2], measured as amounts of mRNA using microarrays at 18 time points over two cell cycle periods (one measurement every 7 minutes for 119 minutes). We selected small subset composed of 5 target (with probes: YER ...
BTEC Bowl Questions
BTEC Bowl Questions

... Q: In biomanufacturing operations, this process is used to grow large amounts of products from cell cultures. A: A. molecular pharming B. pharmacogenomics C. scale-up (p. 22) D. recombinant technology ...
Types/Sources of Genetic Data Mendelian Genetics
Types/Sources of Genetic Data Mendelian Genetics

... alleles at one locus, the “dominant” trait/allele is “expressed” in heterozygotes ²  individuals homozygous for the dominant allele and heterozygous individuals have the same phenotype ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Notes 2006
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Notes 2006

... 2. there are 20 different amino acids. ...
Gene function
Gene function

... combinations creates different types of related proteins. These may be tissue specific. Many different types of gene products are transcribed to RNA but not translated to protein (e.g., rRNA, tRNA, snRNA). ...
Dr Ishtiaq Lecture at GC Faisalabad
Dr Ishtiaq Lecture at GC Faisalabad

... Watson, Crick, and Wilkins (1962): Discovery of structure of DNA H. Gobind Khorana (1973) Chemical synthesis of oligonucleotide Berg, Gilbert, and Sanger (1980): The determination of base sequences in nucleic acids Mullis and Smith (1993): Contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-base ...
TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION: From DNA to Protein
TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION: From DNA to Protein

... amino acids to make a Protein • Codon = the nitrogenous bases of 3 adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that code for – Start Signal (starts the protein making process) – 1 of 20 different amino acids (parts of a protein) – Stop Signal (stops the protein making process) ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Homozygous Dominant ...
- U
- U

... A person with normal color vision sees a number seven in the circle above. Those who are color blind usually do not see any number at all. ...
Evidence for Evolution
Evidence for Evolution

... – in other words, we share a more recent ancestor with them than any other living species. Our genes are 98.2% identical.  The humans and chimps last shared an ancestor with the gorillas at an earlier time. Human and chimp DNA is 97.7% identical to a gorilla’s.  Human, chimp, and gorilla genes are ...
DNA Notes Part 1
DNA Notes Part 1

... 2. Cytosine always pairs with Guanine. - The different order of these bases is what makes organisms different. Example: Strand 1: A – G – T – T – C – T – A – G Strand 2: T – C – A – A – G – A – T – C Sample Exercise: Strand 1: C – G – A – T – G – T – A – C Strand 2: ...
Annelise Mah - New Genomics Technology: Copy Number Variation Analysis Methods
Annelise Mah - New Genomics Technology: Copy Number Variation Analysis Methods

... CNVs have in the past thought to be much rarer; several researchers discovered their ubiquity within the last few years and, since then, many new studies have been conducted. This paper will cover several techniques that have been used to discover CNVs. Methods for Finding CNVs ROMA (Representationa ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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