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The cytogenetics of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis in plants Meiosis
The cytogenetics of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis in plants Meiosis

... meiotic recombination pathway splits into two parallel branches: one leading to crossovers (COs) and one to noncrossovers (NCOs) (Allers and Lichten, 2001; Hunter and Kleckner, 2001; Guillon et al., 2005). Crossovers are reciprocal recombination events that lead to the exchanges of chromosome arms. ...
Generative Power and Closure Properties of Watson
Generative Power and Closure Properties of Watson

Optimizing Data Acquisition for Automated de novo Sequencing
Optimizing Data Acquisition for Automated de novo Sequencing

Label-free and redox proteomic analyses of the
Label-free and redox proteomic analyses of the

The cytogenetics of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis in
The cytogenetics of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis in

... meiotic recombination pathway splits into two parallel branches: one leading to crossovers (COs) and one to noncrossovers (NCOs) (Allers and Lichten, 2001; Hunter and Kleckner, 2001; Guillon et al., 2005). Crossovers are reciprocal recombination events that lead to the exchanges of chromosome arms. ...
Imprinting capacity of gamete lineages in C. elegans
Imprinting capacity of gamete lineages in C. elegans

... populations of animals, the only difference being the parental source of the reporter chromosome (sperm versus oocyte) and the paired or unpaired character of the reporter-carrying chromosome in the parental generation. Measurement of relative GFP levels between two populations of animals presents a ...
Alternative Splicing in Higher Plants
Alternative Splicing in Higher Plants

... Phenotypic effects of alternative splicing are most commonly noted in human disease – Cystic fibrosis is commonly associated with SNPs that reduce splicing of exons 9 and 12 – Recent multivariate analysis has supported the intuitive idea that longer genes with higher numbers of introns are more like ...


... 1- in a region called M-bcr (for major breakpoint cluster region), a cluster of 5.8 kb, between exons 12 and 16, also called b1 to b5 of M-bcr; most breakpoints being either between b2 and b3, or between b3 and b4; transcript is 8.5 kb long; this results in a 210 kDa chimeric protein (P210); this is ...
No correlation between phenotype and genotype in boys with a
No correlation between phenotype and genotype in boys with a

... patients died very early, because of severe neonatal encephalopathy, and thus did not have an RS phenotype. These results strongly support the idea that true RS mutations are lethal or cause very early death in hemizygous males. However, our patient is an exception as he is now 11 years old and fulf ...
[Full text/PDF]
[Full text/PDF]

... To deal with the challenge of detecting G6G, much research is under way on improving both statistical and computational methodologies. A number of statistical methods and corresponding software packages have been developed, which range from simple exhaustive searches to data-mining and machine-learn ...
A Large Pseudoautosomal Region on the Sex Chromosomes of the
A Large Pseudoautosomal Region on the Sex Chromosomes of the

... quality score (Ewing and Green 1998) of less than 30, which means that we removed positions that had a probability of error of greater than 0.001, or 3) had more than one-tenth of the reads mapping equally well to another position and where there were at least four of these reads. The S. tropicalis ...


... compounds. Such compounds should be targeted toward proteins that are essential for bacterial viability but are not present in mammals.4,5 The diaminopimelic acid and lysine biosynthesis meets both of these criteria, presenting multiple targets for novel antimicrobial agents6,7. Lysine has been know ...
BNG2003-9-kh-Meiosis and Life Cycle
BNG2003-9-kh-Meiosis and Life Cycle

... underlying DNA sequence, hence the name epi- (Greek: επίover, above) -genetics. These changes may remain through cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life and may also last for multiple generations. However, there is no change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism; instead, nongen ...
Leukaemia Section del(17p) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Leukaemia Section del(17p) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... Cytogenetics morphological The deleted segment may vary in size and many cases with sub-microscopic deletions involving the 17p13 band were reported by FISH; cases with unbalanced 17p translocations leading to 17p loss were also described; these cases may be associated with dicentric rearrangements. ...
A-level Biology Previous essay titles and mark schemes
A-level Biology Previous essay titles and mark schemes

... examinations since 2007. The specifications these exam questions came from are no longer in use, but the marking method has largely remained unchanged. Further guidance on the marking method used with the essay can be found in Paper 3 Essay marking guidance. ...
Myoglobin and hemoglobin
Myoglobin and hemoglobin

... gene clusters contain not only the major adult genes, α and β, but other expressed sequences that are utilized at different stages of development. • Hemoglobin synthesis  begins in the first few weeks of embryonic development within the yolk sac ...
Power Point Presentation
Power Point Presentation

... • An organism is heterozygous for a trait if its two alleles for the trait differ from each other. • Therefore, the tall plant that had one allele for tallness and one allele for shortness (Tt) is heterozygous for the trait of height. ...
The evolution of silicon transporters in diatoms
The evolution of silicon transporters in diatoms

... among the most diverse phytoplankton groups in the ocean, with over 20,000 described species (Round and Crawford 1990, Julius 2007) that are most frequently identifiable by distinct silica frustule morphologies. The utilization of silicon by diatoms therefore appears to be strongly linked to their e ...
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology

... transcriptional level. Growth of PCL1445 at low temperature resulted in an increased level of putisolvins, and mutant analyses showed that this requires dnaK and dnaJ but not grpE. In addition, putisolvin biosynthesis of PCL1445 was found to be dependent on the GacA/GacS two-component signaling syst ...
Characterization of mutations induced by N-methyl-N´-nitro
Characterization of mutations induced by N-methyl-N´-nitro

... [22] S. Mitsuhashi, M. Hayashi, J. Ohnishi, M. Ikeda, Disruption of malate:quinone oxidoreductase increases L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum, ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... the seven recovered transcripts contained premature stop codons (Fig. 1c) and six contained one or more large (> 50 amino acid) insertions; these same features were also observed in the corresponding P. capuana genomic sequences. One of the most extreme examples of genetic degeneration within the P. ...
Amino Acids and Proteins - Gadarif University Repository
Amino Acids and Proteins - Gadarif University Repository

... 20 L-α-amino acids (the fundamental or basic amino-acids). Proteins may contain in addition to these 20 aminoacids, amino-acids which are modified by carboxylation, hydroxylation and so on after the polypeptide chain is formed (post-translational modifications). ...
Figure 4 - WebmedCentral.com
Figure 4 - WebmedCentral.com

... Timed interactions between the Hox expressing non-organiser mesoderm and the Spemann organiser generate positional information during vertebrate gastrulation. The drawings show simplified 2dimensional representations of Xenopus gastrulae. The first 5 drawings show parasagittal (ventral to dorsal) tw ...
Gene Section P53 (Protein 53 kDa) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section P53 (Protein 53 kDa) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

Elke Winterhager (Ed.) Gap Junctions in Development
Elke Winterhager (Ed.) Gap Junctions in Development

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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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