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Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry

... Many pharmaceutical industrial applications of proteases require enzymes with properties that are nonphysiologically. Protein engineering allows the introduction of predesigned changes into the gene for the synthesis of a protein with an altered function that is desired for the application. Recent a ...
CBSE XII BIO QS with key(2009-2015)
CBSE XII BIO QS with key(2009-2015)

... they have food reserves for the seedling or embryo the seed coat provides protection to the embryo generate genetic variation remain viable for a considerable period of time.(any two) =1x2 State what is apomixis? Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used? (2015) Form of asexual re ...
Gene Nomenclature System for Rice
Gene Nomenclature System for Rice

... recommended by the CGSNL. The genes predicted and/or known to be present on the O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare, based on sequence analysis are classified into five categories (column 1). Genes are assigned a gene name and a gene symbol only if there is substantial experimental evidence confi ...
FEMS Microbiology Letters
FEMS Microbiology Letters

... that the expression of the pta gene is not induced by the addition of 1% pyruvate in DSM (data not shown). In B. subtilis, CcpA-dependent catabolite repression requires the seryl-phosphorylated form of both the Hpr and Crh proteins; and two glycolytic metabolites, fructose-1,6,-diphosphate (FDP) and ...
Amino acid composition of pig meat in relation to live weight and sex
Amino acid composition of pig meat in relation to live weight and sex

... taste, colour) as well as its stability during storage, immunity against microbial disorders and enzyme/non-enzyme reactions, taking place during processing and storage. The proteins of meat and their high benefits to the organism have an eminent biological value. From the nutritional aspect they ar ...
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster

... least partially among generations (Lewontin 1970; Endler 1986). DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic information (Avery et al. 1944), and among its properties two are essential to the evolutionary process. On one hand, the molecule is intrinsically mutable, being this the origin of genetic v ...
Exploration of mutations in erythroid 5
Exploration of mutations in erythroid 5

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Unknown title - Sigma
Unknown title - Sigma

... Post-genomic research efforts, high-throughput methodology and advances in areas such as mass spectrometry or electron microscopy have revealed that biological functioning is controlled by biomolecular interaction networks, often in a heterogeneous and dense molecular environment. For example, the c ...
DNA breathing dynamics distinguish binding from nonbinding
DNA breathing dynamics distinguish binding from nonbinding

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Cloning and functional expression of invertebrate connexins from
Cloning and functional expression of invertebrate connexins from

... E-mail address: thomas.white@sunysb.edu (T.W. White). ...
and (2) - PolyU EIE
and (2) - PolyU EIE

... While no stopping criterion is satisfied (a) Evaluate the fitness of each individual in Cg . (b) g  g+1. (c) Select parents from Cg-1. (d) Recombine selected parents through cross-over to form offspring Og (with a probability pc). (e) Mutate offspring in Og (with a probability pm). (f) Select the n ...
Directional Positive Selection on an Allele of Arbitrary
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... recessive alleles. As a result, the genealogy is shallower for smaller h. This effect on the genealogy is most notable in the value of up rather than uw and uH because this statistic is most sensitive to the height of the genealogy (Tajima 1989b). The second result stems from the difference in the s ...
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... Frame-shifting mutations (most DMD patients) → truncated dystrophin molecule (missing carboxy terminus, which does not bind adequately to dystrophin-associated proteins at cell membrane) → near-total loss of dystrophin → severe DMD phenotype. Non-frame-shifting mutations → dystrophin molecule with p ...
15Nitrogen metabolism
15Nitrogen metabolism

Multiple Avirulence Loci and Allele-Specific Effector
Multiple Avirulence Loci and Allele-Specific Effector

... by the Pm3b/c alleles, which suggests a complex mechanism underlying allelic race specificity (Stirnweis et al., 2014b). Functional studies of the LRR domain indicated that very few amino acid polymorphisms are responsible for differences in allelic specificity (Brunner et al., 2010), thus suggesting ...
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... Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG promoter. A 19 kb region immediately upstream of katG promoted expression of the luciferase gene in E. coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis . A smaller promoter fragment (559 bp) promoted expression with equal efficiency, and was used in all further studies. Two transcri ...
FRIZZY PANICLE Drives Supernumerary
FRIZZY PANICLE Drives Supernumerary

... characterization of genetically unrelated mutants leading to the identification of the wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) gene, encoding a member of the APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor transcription factor family, which drives the SS trait in bread wheat. Structural and functional characterization of the t ...


... many equivalents of NaOH would you need to add to the solution of protonated weak acid. Show your work on the back of pg 1, write your answer here: ~ 0.1 eq of base are required since the desired pH is one unit below the pKa (4 pts). A more accurate value is obtained using the formula: R=104-5=10-1= ...
Drosophila Forkhead Homologues Are Expressed in
Drosophila Forkhead Homologues Are Expressed in

... termed HTLF and ILF, were cloned based on binding to the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR).9,10These human FKH genes are dissimilar to the other FKH genes, and appear to bind to unrelated sequences. From the Departments of Hematology/Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Im ...
Towards the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole
Towards the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole

... are found in locations other than those they were thought to operate for example hexokinase proteins have been found in the nucleus whilst the sucrose synthase has been localized to the mitochondria (Subbaiah et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2007). These observations thus render such predictions of metabol ...
Drosophila Forkhead Homologues Are Expressed in
Drosophila Forkhead Homologues Are Expressed in

... termed HTLF and ILF, were cloned based on binding to the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR).9,10These human FKH genes are dissimilar to the other FKH genes, and appear to bind to unrelated sequences. From the Departments of Hematology/Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Im ...
Genetic Algorithms
Genetic Algorithms

... P4: Selection operator is applied n times (n – number of individuals). The selected chromosomes form an intermediate population P1 (having also n members). In P1, some chromosomes of P(t) can have more children (will appear more than once) and others have no copy. P5: Apply crossover operator on the ...
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning

Slides: background and project plan
Slides: background and project plan

... • Each cell contains an identical copy of the whole genome - but utilizes only a subset of the genes to perform diverse, unique tasks • Most genes are highly regulated – their expression is limited to specific tissues, developmental stages, physiological condition • Main regulatory mechanism – trans ...
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Point mutation



A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. A point mutant is an individual that is affected by a point mutation.Repeat induced point mutations are recurring point mutations, discussed below.
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