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The Sky
The Sky

... you live on a planet. – Stars are scattered in the void all around you, most very distant and some closer. – Earth rotates on its axis once a day. So, from your viewpoint, the sky appears to rotate once around you each day. – Not only does the sun rise in the East and set in the West, but so do the ...
Application Exercise: Distances to Stars Using Measured Parallax
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... One of the most difficult problems in astronomy is determining the distances to objects in the sky. There are four basic methods of determining distances: radar, parallax, standard candles, and the Hubble Law. Each of these methods is most useful at certain distances, with radar being useful nearby ...
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... as a function of orbital distance, stellar mass, stellar metallicity, or UV flux, will provide insight into the fundamentals of planetary formation, migration, and evolution. The transit method of planet detection is biased toward finding planets that orbit relatively close to their parent stars. Th ...
The Little Star That Could - Challenger Learning Center
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... The Earth is the third planet from the Sun in a system that includes the Moon, the Sun, eight other planets and their moons, and smaller objects, such as asteroids and comets. The Sun, an average star, is the central and largest body in the Solar System. (5 – 8 Standard) ...
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... might have been placed on a section or piece of wood or in a floating bowl. Placed either way, the lodestone would point north. From these applications, the lodestone was used as an early compass. By the time of the T'ang dynasty (7-8th century CE) , Chinese scholars had devised a way to magnetize i ...
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... opened up the oceans, the astronomers expanded the heavens, breaking out of the confining celestial spheres of the earth-centered Ptolemaic theory and into the vast expanse of the Copernican universe. In 1611 Galileo devised tables of his newly discovered moons of Jupiter, which could be used to det ...
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No. 54 - Institute for Astronomy
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... The question of whether life exists on other worlds than ours is one that has fascinated man for centuries. In thi? book H. Spencer Jones, eminent British astronomer, summarizes the evidence and attempts to give an answer. Lucid as well as entertaining, Lije on Other Worlds will serve many readers a ...
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... crescent Moon before and during dawn Monday morning, as shown above and below. Monday, August 13 · Mars is finally passing between Saturn and Spica low in the westsouthwestern twilight this evening and tomorrow evening. · Daytime occultation of Venus. This afternoon, telescope users across most of N ...
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... same amount of time, a faster object moves a greater distance than a slower object. When an object is speeding up, the distance it travels increases with each successive unit of time. When an object is slowing down, the distance it travels decreases with each successive unit of time. Speed must be e ...
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... has about the same relative thickness as 3 CDs stacked together. The planets also all travel around the Sun in the same direction: counterclockwise, as seen from above the Earth’s North Pole, and this is the same direction in which the Sun itself spins. As the planets orbit the Sun, each also spins ...
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EX PLANET E - Institute of Physics
EX PLANET E - Institute of Physics

... different distances from a radiant heater. They should start at a good distance (around 70 cm) from the heater and move towards it. Warn them not allow their thermometers to get hotter than 100°C. Students will probably realise that the temperature will rise as they approach the heater. It is more i ...
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... own. Thousands have done so, and gone on to cross oceans or circumnavigate the globe. Hands on instruction with sextant sights might seem the main factor missed in home study learning, but here too our experience with so many past students helps again. We have a thorough section on sextant handing a ...
9/28/16 Wednesday Parallax Lab
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... Nearby stars appear to move with respect to more distant background stars due to the motion of the Earth around the Sun. This apparent motion (it is not "true" motion) is called Stellar Parallax. ...
2016 - 2017 Earth and Space Science R egular and H onors
2016 - 2017 Earth and Space Science R egular and H onors

... For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasin ...
Penn State Astronomy 11 Laboratory
Penn State Astronomy 11 Laboratory

... During the course of a night or a year, the stars appear to change their positions in the sky. This is not due to the stars moving through space, but rather the fact that the Earth is moving and we are moving with it. In this exercise, we will use the computer program Skyglobe 1 to investigate these ...
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group

... • The star doing the lensing brightens as a result • We record this brightening, which can last for days • If the lensed star has a planetary companion, the characteristic lensing light curve is modified • Signals from an Earth-like planet would be strong (>5%) but brief (few hours) • 4 planets foun ...
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Geocentric model



In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a description of the cosmos where Earth is at the orbital center of all celestial bodies. This model served as the predominant cosmological system in many ancient civilizations such as ancient Greece including the noteworthy systems of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics) and Ptolemy. As such, they believed that the Sun, Moon, stars, and naked eye planets circled Earth.Two commonly made observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe. The stars, the sun, and planets appear to revolve around Earth each day, making Earth the center of that system. The stars were thought to be on a celestial sphere, with the earth at its center, that rotated each day, using a line through the north and south pole as an axis. The stars closest to the equator appeared to rise and fall the greatest distance, but each star circled back to its rising point each day. The second observation supporting the geocentric model was that the Earth does not seem to move from the perspective of an Earth-bound observer, and that it is solid, stable, and unmoving.Ancient Roman and medieval philosophers usually combined the geocentric model with a spherical Earth. It is not the same as the older flat Earth model implied in some mythology, as was the case with the biblical and postbiblical Latin cosmology. The ancient Jewish Babylonian uranography pictured a flat Earth with a dome-shaped rigid canopy named firmament placed over it. (רקיע- rāqîa').However, the ancient Greeks believed that the motions of the planets were circular and not elliptical, a view that was not challenged in Western culture until the 17th century through the synthesis of theories by Copernicus and Kepler.The astronomical predictions of Ptolemy's geocentric model were used to prepare astrological and astronomical charts for over 1500 years. The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but from the late 16th century onward was gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories. Christian theologians were reluctant to reject a theory that agreed with Bible passages (e.g. ""Sun, stand you still upon Gibeon"", Joshua 10:12 – King James 2000 Bible). Others felt a new, unknown theory could not subvert an accepted consensus for geocentrism.
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