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Habitable zone - Penn State University
Habitable zone - Penn State University

... Ref.: Lineweaver et al., Science (2004) ...
June 2013 Kepler Space Telescope Update
June 2013 Kepler Space Telescope Update

... Royal Astronomical Society. "When these stars were born, they built planets, and there's a good chance they currently retain some of them. The material we are seeing is evidence of this. The debris is at least as rocky as the most primitive terrestrial bodies in our solar system." Astronomers common ...
meteor shower
meteor shower

... • The stream of debris is called the Perseid cloud and stretches along the orbit of the comet Swift-Tuttle. The cloud consists of particles ejected by the comet as it travels on its 130-year orbit. • Most of the dust in the cloud today is around a thousand years old. However, there is also a relativ ...
in the Solar System!
in the Solar System!

... their sizes (just like a big air balloon) and move quickly. They have rings and lots of moons. ...
Alone in the Universe - Let There Be Light : The Book
Alone in the Universe - Let There Be Light : The Book

... American Scientist, P.O. Box 13975, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, U.S.A., or by electronic mail to perms@amsci.org. ©Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society and other rightsholders ...
The Official Magazine of the University of St Andrews Astronomical Society
The Official Magazine of the University of St Andrews Astronomical Society

... the Bulgarian Under-21 football team! (It’s a hard life representing the society, but someone has to do it…) However we hadn’t ventured so far from home just to spend a night on the town with some dashing young Bulgarians, and so we got some much needed sleep before the conference the next day. On ...
Part 1 - Cura
Part 1 - Cura

... Within the Solar System, the Earth and the other planets interact between themselves and the Sun in the plane of Ecliptic. At the same time, all these Heavenly objects experience the same influence, the Galactic Center and other Galactic objects exert to them, e.g. from the Southern Pole of Ecliptic ...
Document
Document

... Simulations have shown that the development from planetesimals to planets occurs in time-spans of several 10 million years (Wetherill 1990). In a time-dependent calculation by Wetherill (1986), the motion of 500 planetesimals in their orbit around the Sun was modeled (see Fig. 2.3). These initially ...
Implications of the Search and Discovery of Life in the Universe
Implications of the Search and Discovery of Life in the Universe

... • ET and Humans – What impact contact would have? • Examples from our own past ...
Implications of the Search and Discovery
Implications of the Search and Discovery

... • ET and Humans – What impact contact would have? • Examples from our own past ...
Surveys of Stars, The interstellar medium
Surveys of Stars, The interstellar medium

... If a star is half as hot as our Sun, but has the same luminosity, how large is its radius compared to the Sun? 1) ½ times as large 2) ¼ times as large 3) 4 times larger 4) the same ...
search for extrasolar planets
search for extrasolar planets

... • Even HST doesn’t quite (yet?) separate planets’ reflected light from stars • Combining separated telescopes can help, both in resolution and by nulling out most of the starlight. ...
GEARS Workshop Monday - Georgia Southern University
GEARS Workshop Monday - Georgia Southern University

... In 2020, a spacecraft lands on Europa and melts its way through the ice into the Europan ocean. It finds numerous strange, living microbes, along with a few larger organisms that feed on the microbes. a. b. c. d. ...
Chapter 18 The Interstellar Medium - University of Texas Astronomy
Chapter 18 The Interstellar Medium - University of Texas Astronomy

... “Nebula” is a general term used for fuzzy objects in the sky: Dark nebula: Dust cloud Emission nebula: Glows, due to emission lines from gas heated by hot young stars (a way to find where stars have recently formed). Emission nebulae generally glow red—this is the Hα line of hydrogen. But others shi ...
Pre SS1 Models of the Solar System - Bolinas
Pre SS1 Models of the Solar System - Bolinas

... Earth is on the side of its orbit closer to the star Spica, its proximity would make Spica look brighter than it does in winter, when the Earth is on the far side of its orbit. As no such phenomenon is observed, the stars must be very far away, if indeed the Earth orbits the sun. The astonishing thi ...
Variation of Elements in Nature
Variation of Elements in Nature

... mass of hydrogen starts contracting (condensing) to form a star, it gets heated up due to gravitational energy. The heat is soon sufficient to initiate thermonuclear reactions in the interior of the star. The pressure due to this reaction stops the contraction. The star reaches the equilibrium state ...
What is a planet?
What is a planet?

... where temperature ~5 × 105 K and resulting blob will have positive energy, and cooling time ~ 1010 sec. Blob expands adiabatically and disperses (Spitzer 1939) –  where did Jupiter s deuterium come from – D/H ...
Document
Document

... • As the meteoroid travels through the atmosphere, it becomes a meteor. • As the meteor travels through the atmosphere, it heats up to more than, 2,000˚C. • The intense heat vaporizes the meteor, creating a streak of light called a “shooting star”. • Sometimes, larger meteors cause a brighter flash ...
Condensation of the Solar Nebula
Condensation of the Solar Nebula

... − All the extrasolar planets we found so far are large, Jupiter-sized (or larger) planets. − All these planets are located very close to the host star, inconsistent with the nebular theory. Why we don’t find any solar system like ours?  May be we just haven’t found them yet! ...
7-12 Script - Geophysical Institute
7-12 Script - Geophysical Institute

... gravitational forces. A galaxy is an aggregate of gas, dust and stars held together by gravitational forces. The Milky Way contains at least several hundred billion stars. If you press play, you can travel around the Milky Way. Moving out even further, our galaxy is part of the universe. LOCAL UNIVE ...
Winter Interim Assessment Review
Winter Interim Assessment Review

... •Some form when asteroids collide; others form when comets break up, creating dust clouds. •Meteoroids that pass through the atmosphere and are found on Earth’s surface are called meteorites. ASTEROIDS •Rocky objects, most of which are too small and numerous to be considered planets or dwarf planets ...
File
File

... Others help clean up oil spills. Phytoplankton is the main food for tiny fish, which are eaten by bigger fish. Without phytoplankton, there would be few fish that we could eat. ...
Earth Science Quarter 1 Credit Recovery
Earth Science Quarter 1 Credit Recovery

... really heavy elements like iron, zinc or copper, then a supernova has already happened and those elements have exploded into the universe! 3. Using your chart as evidence, is your star more likely to be a newer star or an older star close to supernova? Defend your answer using the data in your chart ...
Chapter 1 Section Misconception Truth Distances in the Universe
Chapter 1 Section Misconception Truth Distances in the Universe

... The Photosphere The Sun and stars have absorption spectra because the photosphere is cooler than  the core. All the light we see comes from the photosphere; the core is well hidden below hundreds of  thousands of kilometers of solar gas. The absorption lines and the continuum are both formed in the  ...
Document
Document

... rocks, dirt, & gas (a dirty snowball) ...
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Panspermia



Panspermia (from Greek πᾶν (pan), meaning ""all"", and σπέρμα (sperma), meaning ""seed"") is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids and, also, by spacecraft in the form of unintended contamination by microorganisms.Panspermia is a hypothesis proposing that microscopic life forms that can survive the effects of space, such as extremophiles, become trapped in debris that is ejected into space after collisions between planets and small Solar System bodies that harbor life. Some organisms may travel dormant for an extended amount of time before colliding randomly with other planets or intermingling with protoplanetary disks. If met with ideal conditions on a new planet's surfaces, the organisms become active and the process of evolution begins. Panspermia is not meant to address how life began, just the method that may cause its distribution in the Universe.Pseudo-panspermia (sometimes called ""soft panspermia"" or ""molecular panspermia"") argues that the pre-biotic organic building blocks of life originated in space and were incorporated in the solar nebula from which the planets condensed and were further —and continuously— distributed to planetary surfaces where life then emerged (abiogenesis). From the early 1970s it was becoming evident that interstellar dust consisted of a large component of organic molecules. Interstellar molecules are formed by chemical reactions within very sparse interstellar or circumstellar clouds of dust and gas. The dust plays a critical role of shielding the molecules from the ionizing effect of ultraviolet radiation emitted by stars.Several simulations in laboratories and in low Earth orbit suggest that ejection, entry and impact is survivable for some simple organisms.
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