Neuronal adjustments in developing nuclear centers
... processes which take place in the developing sensory spinal ganglia, Hamburger & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fo ...
... processes which take place in the developing sensory spinal ganglia, Hamburger & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fo ...
This file has Chapter II: Structural differentiation of the brain • Neural
... one somite stage; also see Adelmann 1925 for rat) rostrally; shortly thereafter a caudal groove appears, the two being separated by a length of neural plate with no groove and slight lateral constrictions; and shortly thereafter the two grooves fuse. In addition, the neural plate has dorsal and vent ...
... one somite stage; also see Adelmann 1925 for rat) rostrally; shortly thereafter a caudal groove appears, the two being separated by a length of neural plate with no groove and slight lateral constrictions; and shortly thereafter the two grooves fuse. In addition, the neural plate has dorsal and vent ...
Developmentally regulated expression of reporter gene in adult
... brain lobe during second instar (e), but are seen as two distinct clusters by third instar (arrows) stage. Moreover, the third instar brain shows moderately distributed cells in the central brain (cb) outer optic anlagen (ooa), sub oesophageal ganglion (sog) and the anterior abdominal neuromeres (av ...
... brain lobe during second instar (e), but are seen as two distinct clusters by third instar (arrows) stage. Moreover, the third instar brain shows moderately distributed cells in the central brain (cb) outer optic anlagen (ooa), sub oesophageal ganglion (sog) and the anterior abdominal neuromeres (av ...
Group Redundancy Measures Reveal Redundancy Reduction in the
... representations of stimuli along the sensory pathway reflect the information processing performed by the system. Several computational principles that govern these changes were suggested, such as information maximization and redundancy reduction [2, 3, 11]. In order to investigate such changes in pr ...
... representations of stimuli along the sensory pathway reflect the information processing performed by the system. Several computational principles that govern these changes were suggested, such as information maximization and redundancy reduction [2, 3, 11]. In order to investigate such changes in pr ...
Actions of compounds manipulating the nitric oxide system in the cat
... Animal Science and the European Union (86Ï809). ...
... Animal Science and the European Union (86Ï809). ...
Way SW, McKenna J 3rd, Mietzsch U, Reith RM, Wu HC, Gambello MJ. Loss of Tsc2 in radial glia models the brain pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex in the mouse. Human Molecular Genetics. 2009 Apr 1; 18(7):1252-65.
... neurons (45). Some radial glia can also generate a second progenitor pool in the subventricular zone containing neurogenic basal progenitor cells (46,47). At later stages of development, radial glia are primarily gliogenic. Given these neuroglial progenitor properties, we speculated that loss of Tsc ...
... neurons (45). Some radial glia can also generate a second progenitor pool in the subventricular zone containing neurogenic basal progenitor cells (46,47). At later stages of development, radial glia are primarily gliogenic. Given these neuroglial progenitor properties, we speculated that loss of Tsc ...
Sensory Systems and Neural Circuits II
... • Spindle shaped cells that extend from the base to the apex of taste buds • Taste solutes are transported to the taste pore and diffuse through the fluid layer to make contact with membrane receptor proteins on the microvilli and apical membrane • Taste sensitivity is dependent on the concentrat ...
... • Spindle shaped cells that extend from the base to the apex of taste buds • Taste solutes are transported to the taste pore and diffuse through the fluid layer to make contact with membrane receptor proteins on the microvilli and apical membrane • Taste sensitivity is dependent on the concentrat ...
Principles of neural ensemble physiology underlying the operation
... BMI studies also revealed that a single motor output is often associated with distinct spatiotemporal patterns of neural ensemble firing on the millisecond scale Following the nomenclature introduced by Reeke and Edelman, this principle, which states that identical behavioural outputs can be produce ...
... BMI studies also revealed that a single motor output is often associated with distinct spatiotemporal patterns of neural ensemble firing on the millisecond scale Following the nomenclature introduced by Reeke and Edelman, this principle, which states that identical behavioural outputs can be produce ...
Living scaffolds for neuroregeneration
... properties of the tissue it will integrate with, or to provide directionality for infiltration and targeted re-growth of host cells. Biomaterials may be synthesized to promote such a desired cellular organization or to give directional dependence to mechanical properties, such as rigidity and elastic ...
... properties of the tissue it will integrate with, or to provide directionality for infiltration and targeted re-growth of host cells. Biomaterials may be synthesized to promote such a desired cellular organization or to give directional dependence to mechanical properties, such as rigidity and elastic ...
Growth arrest specific gene 7 is associated with schizophrenia and
... consequently govern axon guidance and synaptic plasticity [8]. Abnormalities in those processes may alter the strength of information processing and thus participate in the pathogenesis of human developmental brain diseases such as schizophrenia [9]. A recent paper reported that, in cultured olfacto ...
... consequently govern axon guidance and synaptic plasticity [8]. Abnormalities in those processes may alter the strength of information processing and thus participate in the pathogenesis of human developmental brain diseases such as schizophrenia [9]. A recent paper reported that, in cultured olfacto ...
Neuroembryology of Neural Tube Defects
... Severe types of spina bifida, involving protrusion of the spinal cord and/or meninges through the defect in the vertebral arch. Referred to as s.b. cystica because of the cystlike sac that is associated with these anomalies. ...
... Severe types of spina bifida, involving protrusion of the spinal cord and/or meninges through the defect in the vertebral arch. Referred to as s.b. cystica because of the cystlike sac that is associated with these anomalies. ...
View Paper - Dundee Life Sciences
... different kinds of neuron in the spinal cord have been wellcharacterized (Jessell, 2000; Price and Briscoe, 2004). There is also evidence for crosstalk between patterning factors that regulate cell type and genes that drive cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation (Scardigli et al., 2003; Scardi ...
... different kinds of neuron in the spinal cord have been wellcharacterized (Jessell, 2000; Price and Briscoe, 2004). There is also evidence for crosstalk between patterning factors that regulate cell type and genes that drive cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation (Scardigli et al., 2003; Scardi ...
Anatomy, pigmentation, ventral and dorsal subpopulations of
... nerve cell loss in the SN pars compacta, as well as in the locus coeruleus. They showed more severe nigral cell degeneration than is normal for ageing, nigral cell loss intermediate between normal and PD, and neuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies and pale bodies) identical to those of PD. Dopamine deplet ...
... nerve cell loss in the SN pars compacta, as well as in the locus coeruleus. They showed more severe nigral cell degeneration than is normal for ageing, nigral cell loss intermediate between normal and PD, and neuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies and pale bodies) identical to those of PD. Dopamine deplet ...
damage to oligodendrocytes and axons following endothelin 1
... 2.1. CELLS OF THE BRAIN The brain, like all other organs, is made up of vast numbers of cells. Unlike some organs, however, the brain contains a wide variety of cell types. In the middle of the nineteenth century the German anatomist Rudolf Virchow recognized that cells in the brain could be divided ...
... 2.1. CELLS OF THE BRAIN The brain, like all other organs, is made up of vast numbers of cells. Unlike some organs, however, the brain contains a wide variety of cell types. In the middle of the nineteenth century the German anatomist Rudolf Virchow recognized that cells in the brain could be divided ...
Kinesin-mediated Organelle Translocation Revealed by Specific
... and sense-treated cultures display a pattern of DiOC6(3) staining that is similar to that described for cultured neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglion (Dailey and Bridgman, 1989). Thus, DiOC6(3)-stained hippocampal neurons show intense fluorescence throughout the cell bodies and neurites (l~ ...
... and sense-treated cultures display a pattern of DiOC6(3) staining that is similar to that described for cultured neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglion (Dailey and Bridgman, 1989). Thus, DiOC6(3)-stained hippocampal neurons show intense fluorescence throughout the cell bodies and neurites (l~ ...
Glossary of Neuroanatomical Terms and Eponyms
... concentration gradient. Channels typically are gated, meaning that they open and close in response to neurotransmitters or local changes in membrane potential. Cholinergic. Gr. chole, bile (which contains choline) + L. suffix -ine, pertaining to + Gr. ergon, work. Using acetylcholine as a neurotrans ...
... concentration gradient. Channels typically are gated, meaning that they open and close in response to neurotransmitters or local changes in membrane potential. Cholinergic. Gr. chole, bile (which contains choline) + L. suffix -ine, pertaining to + Gr. ergon, work. Using acetylcholine as a neurotrans ...
Buzsaki and Draguhn (2004), Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical
... 0.05 Hz to 500 Hz (Fig. 1). The mean frequencies of the experimentally observed oscillator categories form a linear progression on a natural logarithmic scale (23) with a constant ratio between neighboring frequencies, leading to the separation of frequency bands. Neighboring frequency bands within ...
... 0.05 Hz to 500 Hz (Fig. 1). The mean frequencies of the experimentally observed oscillator categories form a linear progression on a natural logarithmic scale (23) with a constant ratio between neighboring frequencies, leading to the separation of frequency bands. Neighboring frequency bands within ...
The hippocampus in spatial navigation and memory consolidation
... cells in DG and Pyramidal cells in CA1 and CA3 • Cell bodies of projection neurons form almost a monolayer (in the rat), and dendritic trees are very orderly parallel to each other • Interneurons are found in the mono-layer, but also above and below it (hence the term “three-layer cortex”) ...
... cells in DG and Pyramidal cells in CA1 and CA3 • Cell bodies of projection neurons form almost a monolayer (in the rat), and dendritic trees are very orderly parallel to each other • Interneurons are found in the mono-layer, but also above and below it (hence the term “three-layer cortex”) ...
Control of a Robot Arm with Artificial and Biological Neural Networks
... Chiel and Beer 1997; Anderson 2003). We do not propose that biological neurons in culture will be able to develop into an effective controller for a robotic system. Neurons are very sensitive to their environment, and can only live in a very narrowly proscribed range of conditions. Outside those con ...
... Chiel and Beer 1997; Anderson 2003). We do not propose that biological neurons in culture will be able to develop into an effective controller for a robotic system. Neurons are very sensitive to their environment, and can only live in a very narrowly proscribed range of conditions. Outside those con ...
Neuronal sources of hedgehog modulate neurogenesis in the adult
... then found a smaller group of cells close to the flatworm’s brain that looked like dedicated neural stem cells. These cells can receive the hedgehog signals, and further experiments showed that flatworm’s brain requires hedgehog signaling to be able to produce new neurons at its normal level. The he ...
... then found a smaller group of cells close to the flatworm’s brain that looked like dedicated neural stem cells. These cells can receive the hedgehog signals, and further experiments showed that flatworm’s brain requires hedgehog signaling to be able to produce new neurons at its normal level. The he ...
Maintenance and Regeneration of the Nerve Net in Hydra1 The
... cells move in an apical direction as in a basal direction. The numbers migrating are sufficient to account for the observed levels of nerve cell differentiation. Some of these migrating cells must be nerve cell precursors since nerve cells derived from the migrating cells appear within 8 hr of emigr ...
... cells move in an apical direction as in a basal direction. The numbers migrating are sufficient to account for the observed levels of nerve cell differentiation. Some of these migrating cells must be nerve cell precursors since nerve cells derived from the migrating cells appear within 8 hr of emigr ...
by David Zimmerman The ultimate in nerve regeneration
... ways; in both, regenerative ability diminishes the higher one goes on the phylogenetic tree. O n e way is by mitosis—-cell division— which creates wholly new neurons. These nerve cells then can forge n e w connections to old t e r m i n a l s , t h u s r e s t o r i n g n o r m a l function. Nerve c ...
... ways; in both, regenerative ability diminishes the higher one goes on the phylogenetic tree. O n e way is by mitosis—-cell division— which creates wholly new neurons. These nerve cells then can forge n e w connections to old t e r m i n a l s , t h u s r e s t o r i n g n o r m a l function. Nerve c ...
What's a cerebellar circuit doing in the auditory system?
... Figure 1. Superficial layers of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) form a cerebellum-like structure. Granule cells lie in clusters around the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), as well as in the fusiform cell layer (FCL). As in the cerebellum, granule cells are excited through mossy terminals from unipo ...
... Figure 1. Superficial layers of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) form a cerebellum-like structure. Granule cells lie in clusters around the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), as well as in the fusiform cell layer (FCL). As in the cerebellum, granule cells are excited through mossy terminals from unipo ...
Cortical Neurons and Circuits: A Tutorial
... hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical functions sensory perception, object- and event-representation, planning, and decision making ar ...
... hemispheres. It is the ‘gray matter’ of the brain lying atop the cerebral ‘white matter’ composed of myelinated axons that interconnect different regions of the brain. All the higher-level psychophysical functions sensory perception, object- and event-representation, planning, and decision making ar ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.