Lecture 1 – Classification - LCQB
... Domains belonging to the same fold have the same major secondary structures in the same arrangement with the same topological connections. Ex: Globin-like, Long alpha-hairpin, Type I dockerin domain… The domains within a fold are further classified into superfamilies. Domains belonging to the same s ...
... Domains belonging to the same fold have the same major secondary structures in the same arrangement with the same topological connections. Ex: Globin-like, Long alpha-hairpin, Type I dockerin domain… The domains within a fold are further classified into superfamilies. Domains belonging to the same s ...
vts_6580_8973.
... cells, which have lost these restraints, are able to proliferate independently of suppressing signals (Hanahan & Weinberg 2000). An example of a tumor suppressor gene is p53 (Lane 1992). p53 codes for a transcription factor that monitors a number of functions in the cell, with a central role in DNA- ...
... cells, which have lost these restraints, are able to proliferate independently of suppressing signals (Hanahan & Weinberg 2000). An example of a tumor suppressor gene is p53 (Lane 1992). p53 codes for a transcription factor that monitors a number of functions in the cell, with a central role in DNA- ...
File
... 1. Carbonyl carbon of acetyl group to C2 of Malonyl-Acp, lose CO2 with malonyl carboxyl group 2. B-Ketone reduce using NADPH (from PPS) 3. Alchohol dehydrated double bond 4. Double bond reduced to butyryl-ACP from NADPH 5. Butyryl transferred to CE exposing ACP SH site to a 2 nd ...
... 1. Carbonyl carbon of acetyl group to C2 of Malonyl-Acp, lose CO2 with malonyl carboxyl group 2. B-Ketone reduce using NADPH (from PPS) 3. Alchohol dehydrated double bond 4. Double bond reduced to butyryl-ACP from NADPH 5. Butyryl transferred to CE exposing ACP SH site to a 2 nd ...
2. Genetic code is degenerate（简并性）
... unambiguously to specific amino acids. Synthetic trinucleotides attach to the ribosome and bind their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNAs from a mixture. Upon membrane filtration, the trinucleotides bound with ribosome and aminoacyl-tRNA would be retained. ...
... unambiguously to specific amino acids. Synthetic trinucleotides attach to the ribosome and bind their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNAs from a mixture. Upon membrane filtration, the trinucleotides bound with ribosome and aminoacyl-tRNA would be retained. ...
Modeling studies of potato nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydro
... Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase — NTPDase1 (apyrase, EC 3.6.1.5) was modeled based on sequence homology. The single polypeptide chain of apyrase is folded into two domains. The putative catalytic site with the apyrase conserved regions (ACR 1–5) is located between these two domains. Model ...
... Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase — NTPDase1 (apyrase, EC 3.6.1.5) was modeled based on sequence homology. The single polypeptide chain of apyrase is folded into two domains. The putative catalytic site with the apyrase conserved regions (ACR 1–5) is located between these two domains. Model ...
3 Cell Communication and Multicellularity
... 7.2 A Signal Transduction Pathway This general pathway is common to many cells and situations. The ultimate effects on the cell are either short-term or long-term molecular changes, or both. ...
... 7.2 A Signal Transduction Pathway This general pathway is common to many cells and situations. The ultimate effects on the cell are either short-term or long-term molecular changes, or both. ...
Lect 1 (Metabolic Pathways) Lect 2 (Enzymes) Lect 3 (Glucose
... maximal Km at 10Km. only found in liver cells. G6P is used to keep [blood glucose] low. Converted to glucose by Glucose-6Phosphorylase. G6P can’t enter/leave the cell due to Pi group. When [blood glucose] high, G6P can be used to form glycogen or can be used to enter glycolysis and form pyruvate and ...
... maximal Km at 10Km. only found in liver cells. G6P is used to keep [blood glucose] low. Converted to glucose by Glucose-6Phosphorylase. G6P can’t enter/leave the cell due to Pi group. When [blood glucose] high, G6P can be used to form glycogen or can be used to enter glycolysis and form pyruvate and ...
SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID Acetyl
... The formation of D12 and D15 double bonds is not possible in animals Animals cannot synthesize linoleic acid (18:2D9,12), linolenic acid (18:3D9,12,15), or arachidonic acid (20:4 D5,8,11,14), which are used in the synthesis of eicosanoid hormones – Prostaglandins – Leukotrienes These are called esse ...
... The formation of D12 and D15 double bonds is not possible in animals Animals cannot synthesize linoleic acid (18:2D9,12), linolenic acid (18:3D9,12,15), or arachidonic acid (20:4 D5,8,11,14), which are used in the synthesis of eicosanoid hormones – Prostaglandins – Leukotrienes These are called esse ...
Chapter 5 - Biology Junction
... • In straight structures, H atoms on one strand can bond with OH groups on other strands • Parallel cellulose molecules held together this way are grouped into microfibrils, which form strong building materials for plants Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummi ...
... • In straight structures, H atoms on one strand can bond with OH groups on other strands • Parallel cellulose molecules held together this way are grouped into microfibrils, which form strong building materials for plants Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummi ...
BI25M1
... HCl denatures proteins and makes them accessible to degradative enzymes. The zymogen pepsinogen is cleaved to pepsin autocatalytically, and, later, by pepsin itself. Pepsin cleaves proteins to small polypeptides. 2 Small intestine Mucosal cell-surface enteropeptidase cleaves trypsinogen (secreted by ...
... HCl denatures proteins and makes them accessible to degradative enzymes. The zymogen pepsinogen is cleaved to pepsin autocatalytically, and, later, by pepsin itself. Pepsin cleaves proteins to small polypeptides. 2 Small intestine Mucosal cell-surface enteropeptidase cleaves trypsinogen (secreted by ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Amino Acid Metabolism
... • Have an understanding of an overview of amino acid catabolism resulting in 7 basic products and the difference between ketogenic and glucogenic catabolism. • Have an understanding of an overview of amino acid ...
... • Have an understanding of an overview of amino acid catabolism resulting in 7 basic products and the difference between ketogenic and glucogenic catabolism. • Have an understanding of an overview of amino acid ...
Increased Protein and Lipid Oxidative Damage in
... of AD patients [51], and in vitro studies reported that incubation of isolated mitochondria with A peptides decreased the activity of KGDHC and PDHC [52]. The assessment of a subject’s cognitive function is used as one criterion for clinical diagnosis of AD. Thus, a better understanding of how the ...
... of AD patients [51], and in vitro studies reported that incubation of isolated mitochondria with A peptides decreased the activity of KGDHC and PDHC [52]. The assessment of a subject’s cognitive function is used as one criterion for clinical diagnosis of AD. Thus, a better understanding of how the ...
Amino Acids
... • The average pKa of an -carboxyl group is 2.19, which makes them considerably stronger acids than acetic acid (pKa 4.76). – The greater acidity is accounted for by the electronwithdrawing inductive effect of the adjacent -NH3+ ...
... • The average pKa of an -carboxyl group is 2.19, which makes them considerably stronger acids than acetic acid (pKa 4.76). – The greater acidity is accounted for by the electronwithdrawing inductive effect of the adjacent -NH3+ ...
Enzymes Activation and Deactivation
... Since they do not compete with substrate molecules, non-competitive inhibitors are not affected by substrate concentration. Many non-competitive inhibitors are irreversible and permanent, and effectively denature the enzymes which they inhibit. However, there are a lot of non-permanent and reversibl ...
... Since they do not compete with substrate molecules, non-competitive inhibitors are not affected by substrate concentration. Many non-competitive inhibitors are irreversible and permanent, and effectively denature the enzymes which they inhibit. However, there are a lot of non-permanent and reversibl ...
Separation of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rEPO
... Recombinant human EPO protein is one of the most widely produced by many bio and pharmaceutical companies throughout the world for therapeutic agents. Erythropoietin protein (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone found in plasma. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marr ...
... Recombinant human EPO protein is one of the most widely produced by many bio and pharmaceutical companies throughout the world for therapeutic agents. Erythropoietin protein (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone found in plasma. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marr ...
Recombinant Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 Receptor-Like
... MALDI-MS/MALDI-PSD analysis of all HPLC fractions generated the data presented in Table I. Subsequent digests were performed on specific fractions, followed by further MALDI-MS, to eliminate some of the ambiguities in the exact location of phosphate groups within a tryptic peptide. For example, pept ...
... MALDI-MS/MALDI-PSD analysis of all HPLC fractions generated the data presented in Table I. Subsequent digests were performed on specific fractions, followed by further MALDI-MS, to eliminate some of the ambiguities in the exact location of phosphate groups within a tryptic peptide. For example, pept ...
Molecular Models for Biochemistry at CMU
... The linked pages described here have tutorials and quizzes that are based on Chime and RasMol images of the molecules and macromolecules found in biochemistry. They are intended to complement standard biochemistry texts where more explanation is provided, but where interactive 3-D images of the mole ...
... The linked pages described here have tutorials and quizzes that are based on Chime and RasMol images of the molecules and macromolecules found in biochemistry. They are intended to complement standard biochemistry texts where more explanation is provided, but where interactive 3-D images of the mole ...
why do we need these kinds of products
... and mount an immune response, the problem is, this immune reaction ends up damaging the small intestine, which causes both great gastrointestinal distress and nutritional deficiencies. People with a milder reaction to gluten have a gluten sensitivity. Gluten sensitivity doesn’t damage the intestine ...
... and mount an immune response, the problem is, this immune reaction ends up damaging the small intestine, which causes both great gastrointestinal distress and nutritional deficiencies. People with a milder reaction to gluten have a gluten sensitivity. Gluten sensitivity doesn’t damage the intestine ...
Chapter 7
... • glucose can be formed by body tissues from noncarbohydrate metabolites, including lipids, amino acids. • Glucogenic amino acids such as nonessential amino acids and several of ...
... • glucose can be formed by body tissues from noncarbohydrate metabolites, including lipids, amino acids. • Glucogenic amino acids such as nonessential amino acids and several of ...
Introducing Dr. Rodger Murphree
... natural muscle relaxer. This mineral is involved in over 300 body processes. It can be very helpful in relieving tight, achy muscle pain, leg cramps, restless leg syndrome, and chronic headaches (7). Individuals with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue are notoriously low in magnesium. Blood tests are ...
... natural muscle relaxer. This mineral is involved in over 300 body processes. It can be very helpful in relieving tight, achy muscle pain, leg cramps, restless leg syndrome, and chronic headaches (7). Individuals with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue are notoriously low in magnesium. Blood tests are ...
The Role of T-Cell Leukemia Translocation
... Synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include factors regulating bone resorption, such as receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ. However, in addition to these cytokines, other factors expressed in synovial tissues may play a role in regulating b ...
... Synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include factors regulating bone resorption, such as receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ. However, in addition to these cytokines, other factors expressed in synovial tissues may play a role in regulating b ...
Chapter 5
... result from hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone • Typical secondary structures are a coil called an helix and a folded structure called a ...
... result from hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone • Typical secondary structures are a coil called an helix and a folded structure called a ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.