Ancestral lipid biosynthesis and early membrane evolution
... membrane phospholipids are fatty acid esters linked to sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). The two key dehydrogenase enzymes that produce G1P and G3P, G1PDH and G3PDH, respectively, are not homologous. Various models propose that these enzymes originated during the speciation of the two prokaryotic domai ...
... membrane phospholipids are fatty acid esters linked to sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). The two key dehydrogenase enzymes that produce G1P and G3P, G1PDH and G3PDH, respectively, are not homologous. Various models propose that these enzymes originated during the speciation of the two prokaryotic domai ...
The ins and outs of sphingolipid synthesis
... At least five different lcbs are known in mammalian cells, O20 species of fatty acid (varying in chain length, degree of saturation, and degree of hydroxylation) can be attached to the lcb, and hundreds of different carbohydrate structures have been described in GSLs. The possible relevance of this ...
... At least five different lcbs are known in mammalian cells, O20 species of fatty acid (varying in chain length, degree of saturation, and degree of hydroxylation) can be attached to the lcb, and hundreds of different carbohydrate structures have been described in GSLs. The possible relevance of this ...
Amino Acids and Protein Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy
... were supplemented to the basal diet. Chromic oxide was included in all diets (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) and apparent digestibility of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, valine and methionine were ...
... were supplemented to the basal diet. Chromic oxide was included in all diets (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) and apparent digestibility of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, valine and methionine were ...
Chapter 15
... removed before it becomes active. • An example is trypsin, a digestive enzyme. • It is synthesized and stored as trypsinogen, which has no enzyme activity. • It becomes active only after a six-amino acid fragment is hydrolyzed and removed from the N-terminal end of its chain. • Removal of this small ...
... removed before it becomes active. • An example is trypsin, a digestive enzyme. • It is synthesized and stored as trypsinogen, which has no enzyme activity. • It becomes active only after a six-amino acid fragment is hydrolyzed and removed from the N-terminal end of its chain. • Removal of this small ...
BIO 322_Rec_4part1_Spring 2013
... To other extrahepatic tissues converted to acetyl-CoA for TCA cycle provide energy for heart, muscle and renal cortex. ...
... To other extrahepatic tissues converted to acetyl-CoA for TCA cycle provide energy for heart, muscle and renal cortex. ...
The effecTs of benzoic acid and proTein level on urine ph and
... Urea is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide by urease present in faeces. The most important factors that affect the process are the urea concentration in urine and the pH and temperature of the slurry (Sommer and Husted, 1995). Other factors affecting the production of NH3 is a kind of floor cov ...
... Urea is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide by urease present in faeces. The most important factors that affect the process are the urea concentration in urine and the pH and temperature of the slurry (Sommer and Husted, 1995). Other factors affecting the production of NH3 is a kind of floor cov ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... Cofactors Many enzymes carry out their catalytic function relying solely on their protein structure Many others require non-protein components, called cofactors Cofactors may be metal ions or organic molecules referred to as coenzymes Cofactors, because they are structurally less complex than protei ...
... Cofactors Many enzymes carry out their catalytic function relying solely on their protein structure Many others require non-protein components, called cofactors Cofactors may be metal ions or organic molecules referred to as coenzymes Cofactors, because they are structurally less complex than protei ...
Molecule of the Month: AgrA DNA Binding Domain AgrA is the
... by 310 helices and one alpha helix. Strands 3,4,6 and 7 form the central hydrophobic sheet while amphipathic sheets formed by strands 1,2,5 and 8,9,10 flank it, shielding it from water (Figure 2). The helices play no role in actual binding to DNA and seem to serve only to help support the β-sheets3. ...
... by 310 helices and one alpha helix. Strands 3,4,6 and 7 form the central hydrophobic sheet while amphipathic sheets formed by strands 1,2,5 and 8,9,10 flank it, shielding it from water (Figure 2). The helices play no role in actual binding to DNA and seem to serve only to help support the β-sheets3. ...
METABOLISM OF POLYSACCHARIDES
... External causes for hypovitaminosis 1. Lack of the vitamin in the diet or presence of food factors hindering the absorption of vitamin. For example, use of large amounts of raw eggs (they contain protein avidin binds vitamin H (biotin)) as a result may develop a state of hypovitaminosis H. 2. Do not ...
... External causes for hypovitaminosis 1. Lack of the vitamin in the diet or presence of food factors hindering the absorption of vitamin. For example, use of large amounts of raw eggs (they contain protein avidin binds vitamin H (biotin)) as a result may develop a state of hypovitaminosis H. 2. Do not ...
Mistranslation and its control by tRNA synthetases
... oligonucleotide substrates that contain only a few base pairs from the end of the acceptor arm are robust substrates, provided they encode G:U [41]. Because the G:U base pair is distinct from and distal to the anticodon triplet of the code, the relationship between alanine and the nucleotide triplet ...
... oligonucleotide substrates that contain only a few base pairs from the end of the acceptor arm are robust substrates, provided they encode G:U [41]. Because the G:U base pair is distinct from and distal to the anticodon triplet of the code, the relationship between alanine and the nucleotide triplet ...
Cellular Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance
... Principles of Insulin Signaling, cont. • Intracellular localization of these multi-molecular signaling complexes plays an important role in the subsequent pathways activated. • Phosphorylation is just one of a number of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that can influence complex formation, su ...
... Principles of Insulin Signaling, cont. • Intracellular localization of these multi-molecular signaling complexes plays an important role in the subsequent pathways activated. • Phosphorylation is just one of a number of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that can influence complex formation, su ...
Chapter 3 Part 1
... • Self-destruction of damaged cells • Lysosome membranes break down • Digestive enzymes released • Cell decomposes • Cellular materials recycle ...
... • Self-destruction of damaged cells • Lysosome membranes break down • Digestive enzymes released • Cell decomposes • Cellular materials recycle ...
Characterization of Structural and Functional Properties of Human
... cultured Sf9 cells a His221Ala substitution does not result in a decreased conversion of E1 to E2, compared with the wild type enzyme (Fig. 5). The Glu282 residue is in close proximity to His221 and forms a salt bridge with the histidine residue. Hence, we suggested that Glu282 could replace the fun ...
... cultured Sf9 cells a His221Ala substitution does not result in a decreased conversion of E1 to E2, compared with the wild type enzyme (Fig. 5). The Glu282 residue is in close proximity to His221 and forms a salt bridge with the histidine residue. Hence, we suggested that Glu282 could replace the fun ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... candidate, because its side chain is voluminous and projects into the putative cavity where the acyl-CoA may enter. Our bioinformatic approach failed to identify Met564; in our protein alignment we compared all the known sequences of the carnitine/choline acyltransferase family from several organism ...
... candidate, because its side chain is voluminous and projects into the putative cavity where the acyl-CoA may enter. Our bioinformatic approach failed to identify Met564; in our protein alignment we compared all the known sequences of the carnitine/choline acyltransferase family from several organism ...
Proteome analysis of tobacco BY-2 cell culture - ETH E
... Plastids, essential cell organelles, are present in all living cells of plants, except pollen. They are responsible for many of the essential biosynthetic and metabolic activities required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. Depending on the tissue type, they are differentiated ...
... Plastids, essential cell organelles, are present in all living cells of plants, except pollen. They are responsible for many of the essential biosynthetic and metabolic activities required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. Depending on the tissue type, they are differentiated ...
401 Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur 2015 DIGESTIVE
... protease activity was alsodetected higher than activity of α-amylase and lipase life feed as shown in Table 2. Generally, the three digestive enzymes of protease, á-amylase and lipase increased with the increas of the age and development of the digestive organs of the larvae. Kawai & Ikeda (1973) re ...
... protease activity was alsodetected higher than activity of α-amylase and lipase life feed as shown in Table 2. Generally, the three digestive enzymes of protease, á-amylase and lipase increased with the increas of the age and development of the digestive organs of the larvae. Kawai & Ikeda (1973) re ...
IJEB 52(1) 73-79
... comparative analysis in different insects, present studies suggested to use whole insect body as sample, and later on amino acid concentration can be calculated as desired. Furthermore, during the present studies it was observed that the sample moisture interferes in the hydrolysis process, and lyop ...
... comparative analysis in different insects, present studies suggested to use whole insect body as sample, and later on amino acid concentration can be calculated as desired. Furthermore, during the present studies it was observed that the sample moisture interferes in the hydrolysis process, and lyop ...
bio98a_l10
... the allosteric activator; this may seem strange but the net objective of glycolysis is generation of ATP. If the ATP levels drop (ie [ADP] goes up), glycolysis needs to be stimulated. Thus ADP binds to and activates phosphofructokinase-1 to increase ...
... the allosteric activator; this may seem strange but the net objective of glycolysis is generation of ATP. If the ATP levels drop (ie [ADP] goes up), glycolysis needs to be stimulated. Thus ADP binds to and activates phosphofructokinase-1 to increase ...
Organic Acids The basics
... step and second dehydrogenation step of amino acid catabolism generate organic acids. Often this leads to a metabolic acidosis but this is not always the case. It may also be associated with and combination of hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, lactic acidaemia, hyperglycinaemia and hyperammonaemia. In s ...
... step and second dehydrogenation step of amino acid catabolism generate organic acids. Often this leads to a metabolic acidosis but this is not always the case. It may also be associated with and combination of hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, lactic acidaemia, hyperglycinaemia and hyperammonaemia. In s ...
FLEMINGIA STROBILIFERA R.B Research Article
... toxic chemicals, excess consumption of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders. Most of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative damages2. Hepatotoxicity is one of very common aliment resulting into serious ...
... toxic chemicals, excess consumption of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders. Most of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative damages2. Hepatotoxicity is one of very common aliment resulting into serious ...
Glycolysis Quiz
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.