Source - Wilmington College
... was adjusted to account for these differences. In fact, in our study A. virginiana was negatively affected by any treatment solution compared to the control, as evidenced by its overall low germination percentage across all treatments, suggesting that conditions in extracts were different enough fro ...
... was adjusted to account for these differences. In fact, in our study A. virginiana was negatively affected by any treatment solution compared to the control, as evidenced by its overall low germination percentage across all treatments, suggesting that conditions in extracts were different enough fro ...
The place of the steppe marmot in steppe ecosystems of Ukraine: an
... the change in economic use of the area; specifically, by the increase of grazing pressure on marmot habitats. In the 1950s the government of the USSR carried out a policy of agricultural growth. The areas of ploughed lands and the number of livestock were increased significantly while the areas of h ...
... the change in economic use of the area; specifically, by the increase of grazing pressure on marmot habitats. In the 1950s the government of the USSR carried out a policy of agricultural growth. The areas of ploughed lands and the number of livestock were increased significantly while the areas of h ...
Full text in pdf format
... (Dc), i.e. the depth below which limited sediment transport due to wave action is expected to occur (Nicholls et al. 1998). Thus, the Dc separates the active cross-shore profile from a deeper zone where the sediment transport is much weaker and morphological changes are less perceptible. As a result ...
... (Dc), i.e. the depth below which limited sediment transport due to wave action is expected to occur (Nicholls et al. 1998). Thus, the Dc separates the active cross-shore profile from a deeper zone where the sediment transport is much weaker and morphological changes are less perceptible. As a result ...
Bioindicators of Biodiversity and Farming Practice in Rice Paddies
... that differ in their functions [1, 2]. This means that rice paddies support, at least in part, biodiversity in the area or region. Recently, biodiversity in agricultural land has received growing attention because it plays a significant role in agro-ecosystem function [3, 4]. For example, beneficial ...
... that differ in their functions [1, 2]. This means that rice paddies support, at least in part, biodiversity in the area or region. Recently, biodiversity in agricultural land has received growing attention because it plays a significant role in agro-ecosystem function [3, 4]. For example, beneficial ...
Full Program
... world-leading researcher, a legendary mentor, and someone who makes a decisive difference to Canada. She has been one of the most eloquent and effective voices anywhere for using strong scientific evidence in protecting species at risk. She helped found the game-changing Liber Ero Fellowship Program ...
... world-leading researcher, a legendary mentor, and someone who makes a decisive difference to Canada. She has been one of the most eloquent and effective voices anywhere for using strong scientific evidence in protecting species at risk. She helped found the game-changing Liber Ero Fellowship Program ...
The functional response in three species of herbivorous Anatidae
... not limiting, larger herbivores are able to ingest more plant biomass per unit time than are smaller animals. Functional responses are also affected by characteristics of the vegetation such as its structure, density and spatial distribution through the effects of these variables on the size and fre ...
... not limiting, larger herbivores are able to ingest more plant biomass per unit time than are smaller animals. Functional responses are also affected by characteristics of the vegetation such as its structure, density and spatial distribution through the effects of these variables on the size and fre ...
Oceanic Fisheries Management Project Stock Assessment
... What factors influence recruitment level? For highly fecund marine species like tuna, typically only a tiny fraction of larvae survive to recruitment stage. Mortality is extremely high in the early days and weeks, due to factors like starvation and predation. Despite this, its critical to note that ...
... What factors influence recruitment level? For highly fecund marine species like tuna, typically only a tiny fraction of larvae survive to recruitment stage. Mortality is extremely high in the early days and weeks, due to factors like starvation and predation. Despite this, its critical to note that ...
S51.2: Brood parasites: The advantages of being a different species
... selected traits, is mainly based on conspecific communication. Selection favours individuals whose displays are more efficient at eliciting beneficial responses from the receptors (Johnstone 1997). However, it is known that signals can also be detected by undesired receptors, such as predators or pa ...
... selected traits, is mainly based on conspecific communication. Selection favours individuals whose displays are more efficient at eliciting beneficial responses from the receptors (Johnstone 1997). However, it is known that signals can also be detected by undesired receptors, such as predators or pa ...
Alternative Stable States Generated by Ontogenetic Niche
... exist in systems coupled by an ontogenetic niche shift. However, mainly the simplest system, i.e., the one-consumer–tworesource system, has been studied previously, and little is known about the development of ASS existing in more complex systems. Here, I theoretically investigated the development o ...
... exist in systems coupled by an ontogenetic niche shift. However, mainly the simplest system, i.e., the one-consumer–tworesource system, has been studied previously, and little is known about the development of ASS existing in more complex systems. Here, I theoretically investigated the development o ...
PDF
... Final Accepted: 16 August 2016 Published: September 2016 Key words:Ecological group, vermicompost, gut wall bacteria, earthworm, humic acid. ...
... Final Accepted: 16 August 2016 Published: September 2016 Key words:Ecological group, vermicompost, gut wall bacteria, earthworm, humic acid. ...
Genetic diversity
... devoted to understanding the factors that influence the loss, protection, and restoration of biodiversity - Arose as scientists became alarmed at the degradation of natural systems - An applied and goaloriented science ...
... devoted to understanding the factors that influence the loss, protection, and restoration of biodiversity - Arose as scientists became alarmed at the degradation of natural systems - An applied and goaloriented science ...
community
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
Biology Fall Semester An open source text edited by MPS teachers
... Prior to making this book publicly available, we have reviewed its contents extensively to determine the correct ownership of the material and obtain the appropriate licenses to make the material available. We will promptly remove any material that is determined to be infringing on the rights of oth ...
... Prior to making this book publicly available, we have reviewed its contents extensively to determine the correct ownership of the material and obtain the appropriate licenses to make the material available. We will promptly remove any material that is determined to be infringing on the rights of oth ...
Consumer diversity interacts with prey defenses to drive ecosystem
... macroalgae from fished reefs into reserves they were rapidly consumed, suggesting that rates of herbivory (ecosystem functioning) differed inside vs. outside reserves. We then video-recorded feeding activity on the same seven macroalgae when transplanted into reserves, and assessed the functional red ...
... macroalgae from fished reefs into reserves they were rapidly consumed, suggesting that rates of herbivory (ecosystem functioning) differed inside vs. outside reserves. We then video-recorded feeding activity on the same seven macroalgae when transplanted into reserves, and assessed the functional red ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... taxa, especially in aquatic systems. Smaller body size in warmer geographical regions has also been widely observed. Since body size is a fundamental determinant of many biological attributes, climate-warming-related changes in size could ripple across multiple levels of ecological organization. Som ...
... taxa, especially in aquatic systems. Smaller body size in warmer geographical regions has also been widely observed. Since body size is a fundamental determinant of many biological attributes, climate-warming-related changes in size could ripple across multiple levels of ecological organization. Som ...
preliminary ecological survey for the proposed luiperdshoek
... DB) quarter degree grid cells, within which the proposed Luiperdshoek powerline alignment is located. The literature search was undertaken utilising The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (Mucina & Rutherford 2006) for the vegetation description as well as National Red List of Threate ...
... DB) quarter degree grid cells, within which the proposed Luiperdshoek powerline alignment is located. The literature search was undertaken utilising The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (Mucina & Rutherford 2006) for the vegetation description as well as National Red List of Threate ...
ECOLOGY
... One example of these plants found in tropical rain forests is the bromeliad. Its leaves form a cup-like structure that is able to hold water. This water provides a feeding and breeding area for many insects and frogs. Snakes and lizards also come to these plants in search of food and water. A cross- ...
... One example of these plants found in tropical rain forests is the bromeliad. Its leaves form a cup-like structure that is able to hold water. This water provides a feeding and breeding area for many insects and frogs. Snakes and lizards also come to these plants in search of food and water. A cross- ...
community
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
Herbivore and predator diversity interactively affect ecosystem
... were not orthogonal. For responses that allowed, we included two, additional contrasts within the interaction term of the ANOVA (Table S1). The "grazer richness + predator richness! contrast compared treatments with monocultures at both trophic levels to the treatment with polycultures at both troph ...
... were not orthogonal. For responses that allowed, we included two, additional contrasts within the interaction term of the ANOVA (Table S1). The "grazer richness + predator richness! contrast compared treatments with monocultures at both trophic levels to the treatment with polycultures at both troph ...
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... practice (Bengtsson et al., 2000; ) as well as wider ecological theory. For example, predator diversity may be important for herbivore pest control (Snyder et al., 2006; Tylianakis & Romo, 2010), while a diverse pollinator assemblage also ensures a full pollination service to the plant community (Me ...
... practice (Bengtsson et al., 2000; ) as well as wider ecological theory. For example, predator diversity may be important for herbivore pest control (Snyder et al., 2006; Tylianakis & Romo, 2010), while a diverse pollinator assemblage also ensures a full pollination service to the plant community (Me ...
Evolutionary ecology of mountain birch in subarctic stress gradients
... creates variation in physiological stress and plant productivity. This variation is seldom clearcut, but rather results in clines of decreasing growth and productivity towards the high-stress end. These clines of unidirectionally changing stress are generally known as ‘stress gradients’. Through its ...
... creates variation in physiological stress and plant productivity. This variation is seldom clearcut, but rather results in clines of decreasing growth and productivity towards the high-stress end. These clines of unidirectionally changing stress are generally known as ‘stress gradients’. Through its ...
Aqua Introductory Research Essay 2016:2
... Animal populations have historically often been viewed as groups consisting of identical individuals. However, as almost all animal taxa grow during ontogeny, populations do consist of differently sized individuals which affect their environment in different ways. As growth, survival and reproductio ...
... Animal populations have historically often been viewed as groups consisting of identical individuals. However, as almost all animal taxa grow during ontogeny, populations do consist of differently sized individuals which affect their environment in different ways. As growth, survival and reproductio ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.