The biology and ecology of narrow endemic and
... with widespread congeners (Fiedler 1986, Gitzendanner and Soltis 2000). In fact, differences in regional histories can strongly affect observed patterns of endemism (Cowling et al. 1994, 1996) and each study should thus be made in a single regional flora in order to minimize the effects of spatial v ...
... with widespread congeners (Fiedler 1986, Gitzendanner and Soltis 2000). In fact, differences in regional histories can strongly affect observed patterns of endemism (Cowling et al. 1994, 1996) and each study should thus be made in a single regional flora in order to minimize the effects of spatial v ...
Flora and Vegetation
... impacts to these values are considered by the EPA within the context of other relevant factors, such as Social Surroundings, Inland Waters Environmental Quality or Hydrological Processes. Flora and vegetation may be considered by the EPA in concert with other factors to assess impacts on an ecosyste ...
... impacts to these values are considered by the EPA within the context of other relevant factors, such as Social Surroundings, Inland Waters Environmental Quality or Hydrological Processes. Flora and vegetation may be considered by the EPA in concert with other factors to assess impacts on an ecosyste ...
Eastern Foxsnake (Elaphe gloydi) - Registre public des espèces en
... Predators of Eastern Foxsnakes include the larger birds of prey and carnivorous mammals such as raccoon and fisher. Small mammals and birds make up the bulk of the Eastern Foxsnake’s diet. Both active searching and ambush (sit-and-wait) foraging strategies are employed. Eastern Foxsnakes can adapt t ...
... Predators of Eastern Foxsnakes include the larger birds of prey and carnivorous mammals such as raccoon and fisher. Small mammals and birds make up the bulk of the Eastern Foxsnake’s diet. Both active searching and ambush (sit-and-wait) foraging strategies are employed. Eastern Foxsnakes can adapt t ...
PDF file
... (Wicksten, 1993). The architect crab Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825) decorates its carapace with two species of algae, for both camouflage and food storage; the crab’s diet varies according to the abundance of algae (Kilar et al. 1986). However, little is known about other types of organisms ...
... (Wicksten, 1993). The architect crab Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825) decorates its carapace with two species of algae, for both camouflage and food storage; the crab’s diet varies according to the abundance of algae (Kilar et al. 1986). However, little is known about other types of organisms ...
Global amphibian declines: sorting the hypotheses - Collins Lab
... We sort these hypotheses into two classes. For class I hypotheses, alien species, over-exploitation and land use change, we have a good understanding of the basic ecological mechanisms underlying declines, in part because of their long history. The direct effects of these processes have negatively a ...
... We sort these hypotheses into two classes. For class I hypotheses, alien species, over-exploitation and land use change, we have a good understanding of the basic ecological mechanisms underlying declines, in part because of their long history. The direct effects of these processes have negatively a ...
Root competition can cause a decline in diversity with increased
... competition. Shoot competition had small effects on the community and did not contribute to changes in diversity with fertilization. 4 Root competition may strongly impact plant community structure in unproductive communities where light never becomes limiting, or under non-equilibrium conditions fo ...
... competition. Shoot competition had small effects on the community and did not contribute to changes in diversity with fertilization. 4 Root competition may strongly impact plant community structure in unproductive communities where light never becomes limiting, or under non-equilibrium conditions fo ...
carrying capacity: a critique of the concept al~ its usefulness
... to will be undertaken. Concentrating on animal populations, I will show that many applications of this concept, either by design or misunderstanding, do not fall into what I understand the term to mean. The second part ofthe paper addresses the problems associated with applying the concept of a carr ...
... to will be undertaken. Concentrating on animal populations, I will show that many applications of this concept, either by design or misunderstanding, do not fall into what I understand the term to mean. The second part ofthe paper addresses the problems associated with applying the concept of a carr ...
Steller Sea Lions: A Natural Ecosystem
... data. The data collection poses a problem, because data might be needed that were never before sampled such as long term monitoring on diatom species or commercially unimportant fish. The even greater difficulty is finding accurate connections between the variables in the ecosystem and how they affe ...
... data. The data collection poses a problem, because data might be needed that were never before sampled such as long term monitoring on diatom species or commercially unimportant fish. The even greater difficulty is finding accurate connections between the variables in the ecosystem and how they affe ...
Where less may be more: how the rare biosphere pulls
... Drivers of rarity Rarity can be defined in several ways, including for instance local abundance, habitat specificity and geographical spread (Rabinowitz, 1981). These concepts are routinely applied to plants and animals, and can be easily transferred to microbial communities. Local abundance is the ...
... Drivers of rarity Rarity can be defined in several ways, including for instance local abundance, habitat specificity and geographical spread (Rabinowitz, 1981). These concepts are routinely applied to plants and animals, and can be easily transferred to microbial communities. Local abundance is the ...
commentary 3 - Emily R. Grosholz
... Axiomatization in the modern sense means not only re-organizing a body of results under a set of axioms (some of which are logical, some of which are special to the domain), but of re-writing all the results in a formal language, for example, a first order or second order theory in predicate logic, ...
... Axiomatization in the modern sense means not only re-organizing a body of results under a set of axioms (some of which are logical, some of which are special to the domain), but of re-writing all the results in a formal language, for example, a first order or second order theory in predicate logic, ...
are cetacea ecologically important? - Whitehead Lab
... Viale (1985) estimated that the cetaceans in the northwestern Mediterranean eat about 229000 tons of sauid ner vear. about 2.3 times the predation by the "very teuthophagous" population of humans in the same area. In the Southern Ocean, Laws (1977b) estimated that before commercial whaling the balee ...
... Viale (1985) estimated that the cetaceans in the northwestern Mediterranean eat about 229000 tons of sauid ner vear. about 2.3 times the predation by the "very teuthophagous" population of humans in the same area. In the Southern Ocean, Laws (1977b) estimated that before commercial whaling the balee ...
Phylogenetic niche conservatism: what are the
... In use of this concept, we follow Cooper et al. (2010), Ricklefs (2008) and references therein. Broadly, the niche is the set of ecological conditions under which a species survives and individuals reproduce. It is usual to distinguish between the fundamental niche and realized niche. The fundamenta ...
... In use of this concept, we follow Cooper et al. (2010), Ricklefs (2008) and references therein. Broadly, the niche is the set of ecological conditions under which a species survives and individuals reproduce. It is usual to distinguish between the fundamental niche and realized niche. The fundamenta ...
The ghosts of competition past - Oceanographic Environmental
... progressively fewer pinniped species. Results suggest that sharks may exclude pinnipeds from much of the warmer oceanic waters through direct predation. However, an alternate hypothesis that differing thermal adaptations of the two clades may explain the observed distributional pattern is not refute ...
... progressively fewer pinniped species. Results suggest that sharks may exclude pinnipeds from much of the warmer oceanic waters through direct predation. However, an alternate hypothesis that differing thermal adaptations of the two clades may explain the observed distributional pattern is not refute ...
The role of herbivores in mediating responses of tundra ecosystems
... consequences for the whole food web. Kerby and Post (2013) recently reported such a mismatch in Greenland, where earlier green-up of vegetation was associated with decline in reproduction of caribou populations. ...
... consequences for the whole food web. Kerby and Post (2013) recently reported such a mismatch in Greenland, where earlier green-up of vegetation was associated with decline in reproduction of caribou populations. ...
bloggrosholzippoliti072308
... Axiomatization in the modern sense means not only re-organizing a body of results under a set of axioms (some of which are logical, some of which are special to the domain), but of re-writing all the results in a formal language, for example, a first order or second order theory in predicate logic, ...
... Axiomatization in the modern sense means not only re-organizing a body of results under a set of axioms (some of which are logical, some of which are special to the domain), but of re-writing all the results in a formal language, for example, a first order or second order theory in predicate logic, ...
Relative importance of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms in
... 150 μL (1% by volume) of Lugol’s iodine solution. We then concentrated the samples to 4 mL by allowing them to settle for 10 h and removing 11 mL of supernatant. We counted species-specific cell densities in the concentrated samples with a Bright-Line hemacytometer. For species with densities > 100 ...
... 150 μL (1% by volume) of Lugol’s iodine solution. We then concentrated the samples to 4 mL by allowing them to settle for 10 h and removing 11 mL of supernatant. We counted species-specific cell densities in the concentrated samples with a Bright-Line hemacytometer. For species with densities > 100 ...
Document
... 2001; http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/BIOL/legendre) for each study using only the 13 (pooled) taxa. Third, we arbitrarily decided on two thresholds to allow us to separate between strong interactions (distance ≤ 0.5), weak interactions (distance ≤ 0.7) and no interactions (distance > 0.7). We preferred ...
... 2001; http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/BIOL/legendre) for each study using only the 13 (pooled) taxa. Third, we arbitrarily decided on two thresholds to allow us to separate between strong interactions (distance ≤ 0.5), weak interactions (distance ≤ 0.7) and no interactions (distance > 0.7). We preferred ...
PowerPoint Presentation - ANTHROPOLOGY 3 INTRODUCTION TO
... Why People Started To Farm: The Puzzle Modern foragers don't work as hard as farmers do for a living, even in marginal environments. Therefore: older “progress” model for origins of farming (big advance over hunting and gathering), is not supported by the ethnographic evidence. Diane Gifford-Gonzal ...
... Why People Started To Farm: The Puzzle Modern foragers don't work as hard as farmers do for a living, even in marginal environments. Therefore: older “progress” model for origins of farming (big advance over hunting and gathering), is not supported by the ethnographic evidence. Diane Gifford-Gonzal ...
Pyrodiversity vs Biodiversity
... are no longer there. These include many small- and mediumsized mammals, such as brush-tailed bettongs, pig-footed bandicoots and the lesser stick-nest rat. These species declined quickly as native predators such as quolls and dingoes were replaced by feral cats and red foxes. Despite these changes, ...
... are no longer there. These include many small- and mediumsized mammals, such as brush-tailed bettongs, pig-footed bandicoots and the lesser stick-nest rat. These species declined quickly as native predators such as quolls and dingoes were replaced by feral cats and red foxes. Despite these changes, ...
3 - ICFCST
... and wet climate, in particular with weakly expressed season’s differences. Such conditions are favorable for realization of species potential of invertebrate herbivores having many generations per year, and for aggressiveness of phytopathogens. Nevertheless, epiphytoties also have not been recorded ...
... and wet climate, in particular with weakly expressed season’s differences. Such conditions are favorable for realization of species potential of invertebrate herbivores having many generations per year, and for aggressiveness of phytopathogens. Nevertheless, epiphytoties also have not been recorded ...
This talk will be about patterns of species diversity
... diversity of the area in which one is sampling multiple α diversities. β diversity is generally thought of as the change in diversity among various α diversities. Historically, and often today, these terms only applied to measures of species richness. β diversity was originally introduced by Whittak ...
... diversity of the area in which one is sampling multiple α diversities. β diversity is generally thought of as the change in diversity among various α diversities. Historically, and often today, these terms only applied to measures of species richness. β diversity was originally introduced by Whittak ...
883) What controls the ability of species to respond (by
... 72) Which types of agri-environment schemes/measures deliver the most biodiversity protection and how does this relate to cost? 73) What further research is needed to improve the chances that agri-environment schemes will benefit wildlife? For example, although a wide range of prescriptions are avai ...
... 72) Which types of agri-environment schemes/measures deliver the most biodiversity protection and how does this relate to cost? 73) What further research is needed to improve the chances that agri-environment schemes will benefit wildlife? For example, although a wide range of prescriptions are avai ...
Forest herb colonization of postagricultural forests in central New
... In June–August 1994, forest herbs were sampled in the paired stands at all 25 sites. Within each forest stand (postagricultural or old-woods) at a site, the presence of each forest herb species was recorded for 60 plots along three parallel transects at 25 m, 40 m and 55 m from the edge between the ...
... In June–August 1994, forest herbs were sampled in the paired stands at all 25 sites. Within each forest stand (postagricultural or old-woods) at a site, the presence of each forest herb species was recorded for 60 plots along three parallel transects at 25 m, 40 m and 55 m from the edge between the ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.