Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General
... a. Within seconds after insulin binds to its receptors, 80% of the cells increase their uptake of glucose (true of muscle and adipose cells but not the neurons of the brain) b. Cell membrane becomes more permeable to many amino acids, potassium ions, and phosphate ions, causing increased transport o ...
... a. Within seconds after insulin binds to its receptors, 80% of the cells increase their uptake of glucose (true of muscle and adipose cells but not the neurons of the brain) b. Cell membrane becomes more permeable to many amino acids, potassium ions, and phosphate ions, causing increased transport o ...
X-ray Crystallographic Structure of Ibuprofen Bound to Human
... The fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of nine structurally related proteins, which bind to long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Fatty acid binding proteins were first discovered in 1972, while conducting studies on the factors that regulate the uptake of intestinal fatty acids i ...
... The fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of nine structurally related proteins, which bind to long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Fatty acid binding proteins were first discovered in 1972, while conducting studies on the factors that regulate the uptake of intestinal fatty acids i ...
Document
... In the second study, investigators examined the effects of the whey and casein beverages on plasma levels of amino acids and satiety-related hormones. Compared to the casein drink, the whey beverage produced a 28% increase in plasma amino acid concentrations over three hours, along with 60-65% incre ...
... In the second study, investigators examined the effects of the whey and casein beverages on plasma levels of amino acids and satiety-related hormones. Compared to the casein drink, the whey beverage produced a 28% increase in plasma amino acid concentrations over three hours, along with 60-65% incre ...
Respiration and Metabolism
... _____________major component of cell membranes; Acts as surfactant ...
... _____________major component of cell membranes; Acts as surfactant ...
The therapeutic implications of ketone bodies
... two types: the architecture of the pathway of fatty acid oxidation and the enzymatic changes induced by elevation of free fatty acids. During b oxidation, only half of the reducing equivalents released enter the respiratory chain at NADH dehydrogenase while the other half enter at a flavoprotein site ...
... two types: the architecture of the pathway of fatty acid oxidation and the enzymatic changes induced by elevation of free fatty acids. During b oxidation, only half of the reducing equivalents released enter the respiratory chain at NADH dehydrogenase while the other half enter at a flavoprotein site ...
Glutathione and glutamate levels in the diaphragm of patients with
... by persistent airflow obstruction and pulmonary hyperinflation. This increased activity goes on for many years, and, therefore, structural changes can represent chronic diaphragmatic adaptations. If the mechanical loading imposed by the disease is able to emulate a training effect, preserved Glu and ...
... by persistent airflow obstruction and pulmonary hyperinflation. This increased activity goes on for many years, and, therefore, structural changes can represent chronic diaphragmatic adaptations. If the mechanical loading imposed by the disease is able to emulate a training effect, preserved Glu and ...
Oxidative metabolism in thermogenic tissues of the swordfish and
... cytosolic levels of ADP rise. A similar phenomenon has been observed in several cell types (Balaban, '90). The coupling between the Ca2+-ATPaseand mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation may be either ADP or cytosolic calcium. Elucidation of the mechanism of respiratory control in intact heater organ ...
... cytosolic levels of ADP rise. A similar phenomenon has been observed in several cell types (Balaban, '90). The coupling between the Ca2+-ATPaseand mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation may be either ADP or cytosolic calcium. Elucidation of the mechanism of respiratory control in intact heater organ ...
Isoforms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
... had a half-life in excess of 48 h in animals that were fed normally on a typical chow diet [1,25]. Strong ACC-1 repression occurs in adipose tissue and liver in starvation, during feeding high-fat diets (including suckling in mammals) and in diabetes. In these situations, ACC-1 repression is reverse ...
... had a half-life in excess of 48 h in animals that were fed normally on a typical chow diet [1,25]. Strong ACC-1 repression occurs in adipose tissue and liver in starvation, during feeding high-fat diets (including suckling in mammals) and in diabetes. In these situations, ACC-1 repression is reverse ...
Gq-dependent signalling by the lysophosphatidic acid receptor
... and Rho kinase (Rho-associated kinase) activities: stimulation of all three enzymes was inhibited by expression of the Gαq , but not the Gαi , minigene. Initial contraction and MLC20 (20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II) phosphorylation induced by LPA were abolished by inhibitors of PLC (phos ...
... and Rho kinase (Rho-associated kinase) activities: stimulation of all three enzymes was inhibited by expression of the Gαq , but not the Gαi , minigene. Initial contraction and MLC20 (20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II) phosphorylation induced by LPA were abolished by inhibitors of PLC (phos ...
Lecture-Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Not enough insulin, tissues cannot take up glc efficiently from blood to use as fuel or store as fat Malonyl CoA (fatty acid biosynthesis) not formed, so carnitine acyltransferase I not inhibited Fatty acids enter mitochondria to be degraded to acetyl CoA (which cannot go to TCA because cycle interm ...
... Not enough insulin, tissues cannot take up glc efficiently from blood to use as fuel or store as fat Malonyl CoA (fatty acid biosynthesis) not formed, so carnitine acyltransferase I not inhibited Fatty acids enter mitochondria to be degraded to acetyl CoA (which cannot go to TCA because cycle interm ...
The Role of Carnitine System in Maintaining Muscle Homeostasis
... Carnitine itself is not metabolized in humans. It is found in most cells at millimolar levels after uptake via carnitine transporters (Table 2). To exert its metabolic function it forms esters with a wide range of fatty acyl groups (i.e. acylcarnitines) [5] depending on an intracellular system of me ...
... Carnitine itself is not metabolized in humans. It is found in most cells at millimolar levels after uptake via carnitine transporters (Table 2). To exert its metabolic function it forms esters with a wide range of fatty acyl groups (i.e. acylcarnitines) [5] depending on an intracellular system of me ...
Identification of a new mtDNA mutation (14724G>A) associated with
... with mutations in nDNA-encoded subunits of complex I or, less frequently, with variants in SURF1 [26], which encodes an ancillary protein required for correct COX assembly. Moreover, mitochondrial leukodystrophy is mandatory in patients with the MNGIE (myo-neuro-gastrointestinal encephalopathy) synd ...
... with mutations in nDNA-encoded subunits of complex I or, less frequently, with variants in SURF1 [26], which encodes an ancillary protein required for correct COX assembly. Moreover, mitochondrial leukodystrophy is mandatory in patients with the MNGIE (myo-neuro-gastrointestinal encephalopathy) synd ...
The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in
... Corresponding author: Dennis E. Vance, dennis.vance@ualberta.ca. ...
... Corresponding author: Dennis E. Vance, dennis.vance@ualberta.ca. ...
Oral free and dipeptide forms of glutamine supplementation
... for the whole body [4,8]. Low plasma glutamine concentration is associated with poor clinical outcome and increased risk for mortality [4]. Suitable therapies and nutritional support in critical situations are needed to prevent initial sepsis leading to organ failure and the subsequent cascade of mu ...
... for the whole body [4,8]. Low plasma glutamine concentration is associated with poor clinical outcome and increased risk for mortality [4]. Suitable therapies and nutritional support in critical situations are needed to prevent initial sepsis leading to organ failure and the subsequent cascade of mu ...
Intermediary Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat
... follows: There is a glucokinase inhibitory protein that binds to and sequesters glucokinase in the nucleus. Fructose 1-phosphate prevents that binding and promotes glucokinase translocation to the cytoplasm. Fructose 6-phosphate counters the action of fructose 1-phosphate. Whether fructose consumpti ...
... follows: There is a glucokinase inhibitory protein that binds to and sequesters glucokinase in the nucleus. Fructose 1-phosphate prevents that binding and promotes glucokinase translocation to the cytoplasm. Fructose 6-phosphate counters the action of fructose 1-phosphate. Whether fructose consumpti ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies OXIDATION OF FATTY
... It occurs when there is a high rate of fatty acid oxidation in the liver ...
... It occurs when there is a high rate of fatty acid oxidation in the liver ...
Sports Nutrition Manual
... inside, or physiological perspective to include an education on what the body does with different foods once ingested, and foods’ positive & negative affects on physical health and well being. Knowledge gained from both perspectives is important. However, since education from the “outside” perspecti ...
... inside, or physiological perspective to include an education on what the body does with different foods once ingested, and foods’ positive & negative affects on physical health and well being. Knowledge gained from both perspectives is important. However, since education from the “outside” perspecti ...
Hepatic Steatosis - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
... muscle-specific modulation of lipoprotein lipase may result in altered distribution of tissue TGs. In mice with musclespecific LPL overexpression, muscle TG content is increased, whereas liver TG content is decreased compared with wildtype mice.17 These observations in mouse models without excessive ...
... muscle-specific modulation of lipoprotein lipase may result in altered distribution of tissue TGs. In mice with musclespecific LPL overexpression, muscle TG content is increased, whereas liver TG content is decreased compared with wildtype mice.17 These observations in mouse models without excessive ...
ch24b_wcr
... • Power needed to perform all daily activities including exercise • Skeletal muscle activity is the main difference between basal and total metabolic rate • Total includes external mechanical work • Metabolic rate rises after a meal, due to energy used to digest, transport, store nutrients. Up more ...
... • Power needed to perform all daily activities including exercise • Skeletal muscle activity is the main difference between basal and total metabolic rate • Total includes external mechanical work • Metabolic rate rises after a meal, due to energy used to digest, transport, store nutrients. Up more ...
SCUBE3 (Signal Peptide-CUB-EGF Domain
... The expression of FGFR4, FGFR1, EGF receptor, and PDGFR␣ mRNA was assessed by quantitative real time PCR normalized to GAPDH expression with individual primer sets. The data are means ⫾ S.E. **, p ⬍ 0.01 (compared with the control). C, suppression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression by SCUBE3 kn ...
... The expression of FGFR4, FGFR1, EGF receptor, and PDGFR␣ mRNA was assessed by quantitative real time PCR normalized to GAPDH expression with individual primer sets. The data are means ⫾ S.E. **, p ⬍ 0.01 (compared with the control). C, suppression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression by SCUBE3 kn ...
1 22,25 October 2004 Physiology of Locomotion R. B. Huey I. Some
... 3. Very efficient -- 12 to 15 more ATP per mole glucose than anaerobic glycolysis. Also relatively "clean" -- produces water and CO2. 3. The “Bad” -- requires O2. Only small intracellular stores of O2 are available, and environmental sources (air, water) of new O2 are distant from mitochondria in mu ...
... 3. Very efficient -- 12 to 15 more ATP per mole glucose than anaerobic glycolysis. Also relatively "clean" -- produces water and CO2. 3. The “Bad” -- requires O2. Only small intracellular stores of O2 are available, and environmental sources (air, water) of new O2 are distant from mitochondria in mu ...
Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Transported to tissues other than liver, oxid in TCA cycle Brain usually uses glc as fuel but in times of starvation, adapts to using acetoacetate or D-b-Hydroxybutyrate ...
... Transported to tissues other than liver, oxid in TCA cycle Brain usually uses glc as fuel but in times of starvation, adapts to using acetoacetate or D-b-Hydroxybutyrate ...
Protein and Minerals in the Athlete`s Diet
... either micellar casein or native whey protein in one dose and the [13C]leucine was followed through the blood and into tissues for 7 hours after consumption. Results of the study showed that ingestion of native whey proteins induced “a dramatic but short increase of plasma amino acids,” while ingest ...
... either micellar casein or native whey protein in one dose and the [13C]leucine was followed through the blood and into tissues for 7 hours after consumption. Results of the study showed that ingestion of native whey proteins induced “a dramatic but short increase of plasma amino acids,” while ingest ...
Muscle enzyme activities in a deep-sea squaloid shark
... Both species in the present study have similar heart CS, PK, and LDH activity as other elasmobranchs (Fig. 1). Although the LDH activity appears lower in the present study, the high degree of variability in literature values makes our numbers not sufficiently low to be considered exceptional. This s ...
... Both species in the present study have similar heart CS, PK, and LDH activity as other elasmobranchs (Fig. 1). Although the LDH activity appears lower in the present study, the high degree of variability in literature values makes our numbers not sufficiently low to be considered exceptional. This s ...