Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... Following conditioning, amygdala and PAG neurons responded more robustly to shocks when they were presented unexpectedly than when they were signaled by the predictive CSa Finally, pharmacological inactivation of the PAG attenuated UCS-evoked responses in LAn neurons and impaired acquisition of fear ...
... Following conditioning, amygdala and PAG neurons responded more robustly to shocks when they were presented unexpectedly than when they were signaled by the predictive CSa Finally, pharmacological inactivation of the PAG attenuated UCS-evoked responses in LAn neurons and impaired acquisition of fear ...
Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
... lamina I projections to the PB have been narrowly viewed by some as subserving nociception (sensory input caused by damaging stimuli). However, the integrative role of lamina I, NTS, and PB in the homeostatic afferent pathway is clearly consistent with the dense projections of PB to the periaqueduct ...
... lamina I projections to the PB have been narrowly viewed by some as subserving nociception (sensory input caused by damaging stimuli). However, the integrative role of lamina I, NTS, and PB in the homeostatic afferent pathway is clearly consistent with the dense projections of PB to the periaqueduct ...
Role of Basal Ganglia in the Regulation of Motor Activities by the
... Otherwise the lateral globus pallidus would inhibit the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Due to the inhibition of the lateral globus pallidus, it will not be able to inhibit the subthalamic nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus will stimulate and cause excitation of the medial globus pallidus which in turn ...
... Otherwise the lateral globus pallidus would inhibit the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Due to the inhibition of the lateral globus pallidus, it will not be able to inhibit the subthalamic nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus will stimulate and cause excitation of the medial globus pallidus which in turn ...
WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... unlike both the single fields typical of CA3 and the multiple regular grid-aligned fields of medial entorhinal cortex. Second, neurogenesis is found to occur in the adult dentate gyrus, leading to new cells that are functionally added to the existing circuitry, and may account for much of its on-goi ...
... unlike both the single fields typical of CA3 and the multiple regular grid-aligned fields of medial entorhinal cortex. Second, neurogenesis is found to occur in the adult dentate gyrus, leading to new cells that are functionally added to the existing circuitry, and may account for much of its on-goi ...
You and Your Brain - Harvard University
... Cocaine acts by blocking dopamine clean up in the brain, especially in the reward centers of the brain. It has been found that a rewarding event causes the release of dopamine in the brain and is associated with good feelings. Cocaine blocks the clean up of dopamine causing it to build up between ne ...
... Cocaine acts by blocking dopamine clean up in the brain, especially in the reward centers of the brain. It has been found that a rewarding event causes the release of dopamine in the brain and is associated with good feelings. Cocaine blocks the clean up of dopamine causing it to build up between ne ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
1 1 THE CEREBRAL CORTEX Parcellation of the cerebral cortex
... visual modality, retinal ganglion cells project to the LGB which in turn gives rise to the optic radiation. This massive pathway terminates in Brodman's area 17, the primary visual cortex. In the case of the auditory modality, the MGB receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus and gives ri ...
... visual modality, retinal ganglion cells project to the LGB which in turn gives rise to the optic radiation. This massive pathway terminates in Brodman's area 17, the primary visual cortex. In the case of the auditory modality, the MGB receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus and gives ri ...
Brain Organization and Handedness
... In the limbic system, two lima bean–sized neural clusters, the amygdala, influence aggression and fear (Figure 3.18). In 1939, psychologist Heinrich Klüver and neurosurgeon Paul Bucy surgically lesioned the part of a rhesus monkey’s brain that included the amygdala. The result? The normally ill-temp ...
... In the limbic system, two lima bean–sized neural clusters, the amygdala, influence aggression and fear (Figure 3.18). In 1939, psychologist Heinrich Klüver and neurosurgeon Paul Bucy surgically lesioned the part of a rhesus monkey’s brain that included the amygdala. The result? The normally ill-temp ...
PDF
... no blood flow, oxygen levels are non-physiological, most in vivo metabolites are not present in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid), brain slices provide easier access to cellular phenomena than in vivo models. Many results obtained in vitro (and reproduced by different laboratories) have been verified ...
... no blood flow, oxygen levels are non-physiological, most in vivo metabolites are not present in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid), brain slices provide easier access to cellular phenomena than in vivo models. Many results obtained in vitro (and reproduced by different laboratories) have been verified ...
Review Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation
... Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation In 1882, Burdach5 described ascending tracts in the brainstem with intercalated nuclei such as the superior olivary complex among others. These tracts were connected to the corpora quadrigemina. He considered that these fibres came from t ...
... Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation In 1882, Burdach5 described ascending tracts in the brainstem with intercalated nuclei such as the superior olivary complex among others. These tracts were connected to the corpora quadrigemina. He considered that these fibres came from t ...
What Is Amnesia? What Causes Amnesia? When people lose their
... Some medications - such as the sleeping drug, Ambien. This interesting study explains why so many people report not remembering what they did after taking the prescription drug. Hemorrhage - bleeding in the area between the skull and the brain. A brain tumor that lies in a memory-controlling part of ...
... Some medications - such as the sleeping drug, Ambien. This interesting study explains why so many people report not remembering what they did after taking the prescription drug. Hemorrhage - bleeding in the area between the skull and the brain. A brain tumor that lies in a memory-controlling part of ...
Arousal Systems
... unimpaired fashion with the examiner, but soon fell asleep if not continuously stimulated. • When they died, they were found to have lesions involving the reticular formation of the midbrain at the junction with the diencephalon. ...
... unimpaired fashion with the examiner, but soon fell asleep if not continuously stimulated. • When they died, they were found to have lesions involving the reticular formation of the midbrain at the junction with the diencephalon. ...
cortex
... visual modality, retinal ganglion cells project to the LGB which in turn gives rise to the optic radiation. This massive pathway terminates in Brodman's area 17, the primary visual cortex. In the case of the auditory modality, the MGB receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus and gives ri ...
... visual modality, retinal ganglion cells project to the LGB which in turn gives rise to the optic radiation. This massive pathway terminates in Brodman's area 17, the primary visual cortex. In the case of the auditory modality, the MGB receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus and gives ri ...
Memory disorders in children - ORBi
... new information and its associated spatiotemporal context. These children will forget appointments, tasks-todo, and activities they had the same day or several days/weeks ago. This will also reduce their ability to project into the future and to design future plans/activities. If there was an acute ...
... new information and its associated spatiotemporal context. These children will forget appointments, tasks-todo, and activities they had the same day or several days/weeks ago. This will also reduce their ability to project into the future and to design future plans/activities. If there was an acute ...
ppt - IISER Pune
... Basal ganglia loops are thought to form parallel circuits that have a number of other functions too ...
... Basal ganglia loops are thought to form parallel circuits that have a number of other functions too ...
Toward a Developmental Evolutionary Psychology
... cognitive modules based on that level of analysis. To make this concrete, I examine Lovejoy et al.’s (1999) analysis of the hominid pelvis. This example demonstrates that relatively simple alterations in developmental programs can have a cascade effect and thereby alter systemic properties, such as ...
... cognitive modules based on that level of analysis. To make this concrete, I examine Lovejoy et al.’s (1999) analysis of the hominid pelvis. This example demonstrates that relatively simple alterations in developmental programs can have a cascade effect and thereby alter systemic properties, such as ...
Collateral projections from the median raphe nucleus to the medial
... septum and hippocampus. The present study examined collateral projections from MR to the medial septum (MS) and to various regions of the hippocampus. The fluorescent retrograde tracers, Fluororuby and Fluorogold, were injected into the septum and hippocampus, respectively, and the median raphe nucl ...
... septum and hippocampus. The present study examined collateral projections from MR to the medial septum (MS) and to various regions of the hippocampus. The fluorescent retrograde tracers, Fluororuby and Fluorogold, were injected into the septum and hippocampus, respectively, and the median raphe nucl ...
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information
... are shaped by interactions with the limbic system, which establish multimodal unity, selective attention, and the intentionality of percepts. The interactions of the several sensory cortices and the limbic system lead to goal-directed actions in time and space. Each cortical phase transition involve ...
... are shaped by interactions with the limbic system, which establish multimodal unity, selective attention, and the intentionality of percepts. The interactions of the several sensory cortices and the limbic system lead to goal-directed actions in time and space. Each cortical phase transition involve ...
Controlling the Elements: An Optogenetic Approach to
... circuits responsible for producing fear responses. Projections from the LA to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CE), directly and indirectly (possibly through the basal nucleus of the amygdala (62,63) (but see also Herry et al. [64]), the prelimbic cortex (for review, see Sotres-Bayon and Quirk [ ...
... circuits responsible for producing fear responses. Projections from the LA to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CE), directly and indirectly (possibly through the basal nucleus of the amygdala (62,63) (but see also Herry et al. [64]), the prelimbic cortex (for review, see Sotres-Bayon and Quirk [ ...
Limbic system
The limbic system (or paleomammalian brain) is a complex set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum. It is not a separate system but a collection of structures from the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. It includes the olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, fornix, columns of fornix, mammillary body, septum pellucidum, habenular commissure, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, limbic cortex, and limbic midbrain areas.The limbic system supports a variety of functions including epinephrine flow, emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. Emotional life is largely housed in the limbic system, and it has a great deal to do with the formation of memories.Although the term only originated in the 1940s, some neuroscientists, including Joseph LeDoux, have suggested that the concept of a functionally unified limbic system should be abandoned as obsolete because it is grounded mainly in historical concepts of brain anatomy that are no longer accepted as accurate.