technical report 91 -32
... It is planned to dispose of nuclear waste in deep geologic formations in order to isolate it from the environment. The waste matrix itself, the steel containers, the backfill material and the surrounding rocks act 'as barriers to hinder migration of the radioactive elements to the biosphere. Intrusi ...
... It is planned to dispose of nuclear waste in deep geologic formations in order to isolate it from the environment. The waste matrix itself, the steel containers, the backfill material and the surrounding rocks act 'as barriers to hinder migration of the radioactive elements to the biosphere. Intrusi ...
Oxidation
... Reaction rate is insensitive to solvent polarity implying concerted mechanism without intermediacy of ionic intermediate Less hindered face of olefin is epoxide ...
... Reaction rate is insensitive to solvent polarity implying concerted mechanism without intermediacy of ionic intermediate Less hindered face of olefin is epoxide ...
- University at Albany
... Recall that the amount of s character of sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals is , and respectively. As the s character increases, so does the acidity. Therefore, acetylenic protons are relatively acidic, with a pKa of ~ 25. Acetylenic protons are more acidic than vinyl (pKa = 44) or alkane (pka = ...
... Recall that the amount of s character of sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals is , and respectively. As the s character increases, so does the acidity. Therefore, acetylenic protons are relatively acidic, with a pKa of ~ 25. Acetylenic protons are more acidic than vinyl (pKa = 44) or alkane (pka = ...
Boron Reagents in Process Chemistry: Excellent
... is prepared via reaction of borane with cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene.5 In contrast to borane complexes, which give mixtures of Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov products (up to 93% favoring the anti-Markovnikov adduct), dialkylboranes are the reagents of choice where high regioselectivity in the additi ...
... is prepared via reaction of borane with cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene.5 In contrast to borane complexes, which give mixtures of Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov products (up to 93% favoring the anti-Markovnikov adduct), dialkylboranes are the reagents of choice where high regioselectivity in the additi ...
Reactions
... H2O H2SO4 The regiochemistry is determined by the relative stability of the intermediate carbocation. But what if you want 1-propyl alcohol? What could you do to “trick” the regiochemistry? ...
... H2O H2SO4 The regiochemistry is determined by the relative stability of the intermediate carbocation. But what if you want 1-propyl alcohol? What could you do to “trick” the regiochemistry? ...
CHAPTER 5
... functional group in organic chemistry. The shape of an organic molecule is influenced by the presence of this bond, and the double bond is the site of most of the chemical reactions that alkenes undergo. Some representative alkenes include isobutylene (an industrial chemical), -pinene (a fragrant l ...
... functional group in organic chemistry. The shape of an organic molecule is influenced by the presence of this bond, and the double bond is the site of most of the chemical reactions that alkenes undergo. Some representative alkenes include isobutylene (an industrial chemical), -pinene (a fragrant l ...
Handout 3
... CH3 CH3 OH OH CH3 This is due to 1,2-Methyl shift that is similar to the hydride shift. In 1,2-Methyl shift a methyl group could move to an adjacent carbon atom to increase the stability of intermediate. CH3 CH3 H CH3C CHCH3 carbocation intermediate CH3CCH CH2 o + ve charge on (2 ) carbon atom CH3 C ...
... CH3 CH3 OH OH CH3 This is due to 1,2-Methyl shift that is similar to the hydride shift. In 1,2-Methyl shift a methyl group could move to an adjacent carbon atom to increase the stability of intermediate. CH3 CH3 H CH3C CHCH3 carbocation intermediate CH3CCH CH2 o + ve charge on (2 ) carbon atom CH3 C ...
Efficient and Convenient Procedure for Protection of Hydroxyl
... Protection of functional groups and one-pot conversion to the next functional groups play the critical role in successful synthesis of multifunctional complex molecules. Among them, tetrahydropyranyl (THP), tetrahydrofuranyl (THF) and trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers are the most versatile protecting for ...
... Protection of functional groups and one-pot conversion to the next functional groups play the critical role in successful synthesis of multifunctional complex molecules. Among them, tetrahydropyranyl (THP), tetrahydrofuranyl (THF) and trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers are the most versatile protecting for ...
Scope and Limitations - Organic Reactions Wiki
... amounts of transition metal due to the inability of the resulting osmate(VI) ester to undergo either direct hydrolysis or in situ oxidation to a more easily hydrolyzed Os(VIII) species. By switching to monodentate amines such as quinuclidine, introduced as its Noxide (QNO), the reactivity and hydrog ...
... amounts of transition metal due to the inability of the resulting osmate(VI) ester to undergo either direct hydrolysis or in situ oxidation to a more easily hydrolyzed Os(VIII) species. By switching to monodentate amines such as quinuclidine, introduced as its Noxide (QNO), the reactivity and hydrog ...
CH 2 - ResearchGate
... It has been developed by H.E. Simmons and R.D. Smith of the DuPont Company. During this synthesis diiodomethane and zinc-copper couple are stirred together with alkene. The diiodomethane and zinc react together to produce carbene like species called as carbenoid which brings stereospecific addition ...
... It has been developed by H.E. Simmons and R.D. Smith of the DuPont Company. During this synthesis diiodomethane and zinc-copper couple are stirred together with alkene. The diiodomethane and zinc react together to produce carbene like species called as carbenoid which brings stereospecific addition ...
Title Several Reactions of Isocyanide and Related Compounds
... were used as amine in this reaction, and ethyl diazoacetate and diazomethane were the diazo compounds. In Chapter 3, the reactions of thiols and alcohols with diazoacetate by copper compound catalyst have been examined, in which R of RSH (thiol) and ROH (alcohol) were ...
... were used as amine in this reaction, and ethyl diazoacetate and diazomethane were the diazo compounds. In Chapter 3, the reactions of thiols and alcohols with diazoacetate by copper compound catalyst have been examined, in which R of RSH (thiol) and ROH (alcohol) were ...
Lithium Bromide Original Commentary
... allylic epoxides are ring-opened to halohydrins.29 Heterolytic Cleavage of C–X Bonds. Lithium bromide catalyzes the opening of epoxides by aliphatic amines and anilines at ambient temperature under solvent-free conditions.30 In the presence of carbon dioxide (atmospheric pressure), LiBr catalyzes co ...
... allylic epoxides are ring-opened to halohydrins.29 Heterolytic Cleavage of C–X Bonds. Lithium bromide catalyzes the opening of epoxides by aliphatic amines and anilines at ambient temperature under solvent-free conditions.30 In the presence of carbon dioxide (atmospheric pressure), LiBr catalyzes co ...
ANNEX (Manuscrits posteriors a la Comissió de Doctorat de Juliol del...
... Cs[8-CH3-3,3’-Co(1,2C2B9H10)(1’,2’-C2B9H11)]12 consists of bands at 16.6(1), 7.6(1), 0.6(2), -3.5(2), -4.7(2), -5.2(2), -6.2(2), -17.3(2), -17.8(2), 22.4(1) and -25.3(1). We have tested this method with other available examples and it works extremely well. It is therefore a remarkable tool to assist ...
... Cs[8-CH3-3,3’-Co(1,2C2B9H10)(1’,2’-C2B9H11)]12 consists of bands at 16.6(1), 7.6(1), 0.6(2), -3.5(2), -4.7(2), -5.2(2), -6.2(2), -17.3(2), -17.8(2), 22.4(1) and -25.3(1). We have tested this method with other available examples and it works extremely well. It is therefore a remarkable tool to assist ...
Alkenes and Alkynes I
... 6A. How to Favor an E2 Mechanism Use a secondary or tertiary alkyl halide if possible. (Because steric hinderance in the substrate will inhibit substitution) When a synthesis must begin with a primary alkyl halide, use a bulky base. (Because the steric bulk of the base will inhibit substitution) ...
... 6A. How to Favor an E2 Mechanism Use a secondary or tertiary alkyl halide if possible. (Because steric hinderance in the substrate will inhibit substitution) When a synthesis must begin with a primary alkyl halide, use a bulky base. (Because the steric bulk of the base will inhibit substitution) ...
Metal Complexes Containing Natural and Artificial Radioactive
... A.2. Actinide Complexes with O-Containing Ligands Although actinide metal complexes with the simplest inorganic ligands like water and anions were well studied in the previous century, sometimes novel and fresh ideas and calculation results on their structures and properties appear in the available ...
... A.2. Actinide Complexes with O-Containing Ligands Although actinide metal complexes with the simplest inorganic ligands like water and anions were well studied in the previous century, sometimes novel and fresh ideas and calculation results on their structures and properties appear in the available ...
Module I Oxidation Reactions
... 1.1.2 Dihydroxylation of Alkenes Cis-1,2-dihydroxylation of alkenes is a versatile process, because cis-1,2-diols are present in many important natural products and biologically active molecules. There are several methods available for cis-1,2-dihydroxylation of alkenes, among them, the OsO4-catalzy ...
... 1.1.2 Dihydroxylation of Alkenes Cis-1,2-dihydroxylation of alkenes is a versatile process, because cis-1,2-diols are present in many important natural products and biologically active molecules. There are several methods available for cis-1,2-dihydroxylation of alkenes, among them, the OsO4-catalzy ...
Ch. 6 - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
... 2 intermediates and 3 transition states (T.S.) ...
... 2 intermediates and 3 transition states (T.S.) ...
OC 2/e Ch 15
... carbonyl addition products The sulfur atom of a thiol is a better nucleophile than the oxygen atom of an alcohol A common sulfur nucleophile used for this purpose is 1,3-propanedithiol • the product is a 1,3-dithiane O ...
... carbonyl addition products The sulfur atom of a thiol is a better nucleophile than the oxygen atom of an alcohol A common sulfur nucleophile used for this purpose is 1,3-propanedithiol • the product is a 1,3-dithiane O ...
dr.ebtehal Lec3
... o Types of organic reaction ** Elimination ** Addition ** Rearrangement ** Free radical ...
... o Types of organic reaction ** Elimination ** Addition ** Rearrangement ** Free radical ...
Curriculum Vitae
... 106. Deluca, R. J.; Stokes, B. J.; Sigman, M. S. “The strategic generation and interception of palladiumhydrides for use in alkene functionalization reactions,” Pure Appl. Chem. 2014, 86, 395-408. 105. Xu, L.; Hilton, M. J.; Zhang, X.; Norrby, P.-O.*; Wu, Y.-D.*; Sigman, M. S.*; Wiest, O.* “Mechanis ...
... 106. Deluca, R. J.; Stokes, B. J.; Sigman, M. S. “The strategic generation and interception of palladiumhydrides for use in alkene functionalization reactions,” Pure Appl. Chem. 2014, 86, 395-408. 105. Xu, L.; Hilton, M. J.; Zhang, X.; Norrby, P.-O.*; Wu, Y.-D.*; Sigman, M. S.*; Wiest, O.* “Mechanis ...
研 究 業 績 リ ス ト
... H. Matsuzaka, J.-P. Qü, T. Ogino, M. Nishio, Y. Nishibayashi, Y. Ishii, S. Uemura, M. Hidai J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 4307-4312 (1996). (26) Palladium-catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions of Organic Tellurides Y. Nishibayashi, C. S. Cho, K. Ohe, S. Uemura J. Organomet. Chem., 526, 335-339 (1996). (2 ...
... H. Matsuzaka, J.-P. Qü, T. Ogino, M. Nishio, Y. Nishibayashi, Y. Ishii, S. Uemura, M. Hidai J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 4307-4312 (1996). (26) Palladium-catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions of Organic Tellurides Y. Nishibayashi, C. S. Cho, K. Ohe, S. Uemura J. Organomet. Chem., 526, 335-339 (1996). (2 ...
Electrophilic Addition to Carbonyl Groups – HX
... and Aldol Reactions • This reaction is known as the aldol reaction. It takes an aldehyde and converts it into an alcohol (while extending the carbon chain). • If an aldol reaction is worked up under acidic conditions, an E2 reaction will follow, giving a double bond conjugated to the carbonyl group: ...
... and Aldol Reactions • This reaction is known as the aldol reaction. It takes an aldehyde and converts it into an alcohol (while extending the carbon chain). • If an aldol reaction is worked up under acidic conditions, an E2 reaction will follow, giving a double bond conjugated to the carbonyl group: ...
Reaction Kinetics - National Open University of Nigeria
... CHM 407: Reaction Kinetics concerns with the speed or rates of chemical reactions. The study of reaction rates allows for the prediction of how fast it will take a reaction mixture to reach equilibrium. It also account for how the reaction rate would be optimised by controlling certain factors such ...
... CHM 407: Reaction Kinetics concerns with the speed or rates of chemical reactions. The study of reaction rates allows for the prediction of how fast it will take a reaction mixture to reach equilibrium. It also account for how the reaction rate would be optimised by controlling certain factors such ...
Ketones and Aldehydes
... This two step reaction starts with the nucleophilic attack of the Phosphorus on the (usually primary) alkyl halide. This generates an alkyl triphenylphosphonium salt. Treatment of this salt with a strong base removes a proton from the carbon bound to the phosphorus, and generates the ylide. ...
... This two step reaction starts with the nucleophilic attack of the Phosphorus on the (usually primary) alkyl halide. This generates an alkyl triphenylphosphonium salt. Treatment of this salt with a strong base removes a proton from the carbon bound to the phosphorus, and generates the ylide. ...
Full Text
... envision the mechanism of the MOM removal process shown in Scheme 1. There are two possible pathways for the removal of MOM and the generation of the by-products. Each pathway is initiated by the coordination of one of the oxygen atoms in the MOM ether to ZnBr2 (compound 10 vs 11), and the pathways ...
... envision the mechanism of the MOM removal process shown in Scheme 1. There are two possible pathways for the removal of MOM and the generation of the by-products. Each pathway is initiated by the coordination of one of the oxygen atoms in the MOM ether to ZnBr2 (compound 10 vs 11), and the pathways ...
Stille reaction
The Stille reaction, or the Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling, is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis which involves the coupling of an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes) with a variety of organic electrophiles via palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction.The R1 group attached to the trialkyltin is normally sp2-hybridized, including alkenes, and aryl groups; however, conditions have been devised to incorporate both sp3-hybridized groups, such as allylic and benzylic substituents, and sp-hybridized alkynes. These organostannanes are also stable to both air and moisture, and many of these reagents are either commercially available or can be synthesized from literature precedent. However, these tin reagents tend to be highly toxic. X is typically a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, yet pseudohalides such as triflates and sulfonates and phosphates can also be used.The groundwork for the Stille reaction was laid by Colin Eaborn, Toshihiko Migita, and Masanori Kosugi in 1976 and 1977, who explored numerous palladium catalyzed couplings involving organotin reagents. John Stille and David Milstein developed a much milder and more broadly applicable procedure in 1978. Stille’s work on this area might have earned him a share of the 2010 Nobel Prize, which was awarded to Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki for their work on the Heck, Negishi, and Suzuki coupling reactions. However, Stille died in the plane crash of United Airlines Flight 232 in 1989.Several reviews have been published on the Stille reaction.