Answer Key for Final Exam
... 11. Consider all the data shown below, and determine the structure of the unknown molecule. Assign every peak in the 1H NMR and 13C NMR to atoms in the molecule. Also identify key peak(s) in the IR spectrum and MS spectrum (20 points). Molecular formula: C11H14O2 ...
... 11. Consider all the data shown below, and determine the structure of the unknown molecule. Assign every peak in the 1H NMR and 13C NMR to atoms in the molecule. Also identify key peak(s) in the IR spectrum and MS spectrum (20 points). Molecular formula: C11H14O2 ...
Compounds Containing A Single Bond To A
... polar C—X bond, but because the rest of the molecule contains only C—C and C—H bonds they are incapable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Alkyl halides have higher boiling points and melting ...
... polar C—X bond, but because the rest of the molecule contains only C—C and C—H bonds they are incapable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Alkyl halides have higher boiling points and melting ...
Chemistry 199 - Department of Chemistry | Oregon State University
... Substitute the hydrogen with a halogen under extreme conditions (Br2 and UV). ...
... Substitute the hydrogen with a halogen under extreme conditions (Br2 and UV). ...
Sn1 and Sn2 Chemtivity
... group can undergo two types of reactions. They can undergo substitution reactions, in which the electronegative atom or group is replaced by another atom or group. They can also undergo elimination reactions, in which the electronegative atom or group is eliminated along with a hydrogen from an adja ...
... group can undergo two types of reactions. They can undergo substitution reactions, in which the electronegative atom or group is replaced by another atom or group. They can also undergo elimination reactions, in which the electronegative atom or group is eliminated along with a hydrogen from an adja ...
Organic Chemistry 145 CHEM
... Reactions of Alkenes Electrophilic Addition Reactions 4. Addition of Water: Hydration - Addition of water to alkynes requires not only an acid catalyst but mercuric ion as well. - The mercuric ion forms a complex with the triple bond and activates it for addition. - Although the reaction is similar ...
... Reactions of Alkenes Electrophilic Addition Reactions 4. Addition of Water: Hydration - Addition of water to alkynes requires not only an acid catalyst but mercuric ion as well. - The mercuric ion forms a complex with the triple bond and activates it for addition. - Although the reaction is similar ...
OrganicCompounds
... organic (both natural and synthetic) • Inorganic compounds generally DO NOT contain carbon Exceptions: CO, CO2, ionic carbonates (-CO3) are all inorganic ...
... organic (both natural and synthetic) • Inorganic compounds generally DO NOT contain carbon Exceptions: CO, CO2, ionic carbonates (-CO3) are all inorganic ...
Lecture 4 - Winthrop Chemistry, Physics, and Geology
... position of 2 substituents relative to each other ...
... position of 2 substituents relative to each other ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 19. Explain the mechanism of Aldol condensation and Wittig reaction. 20. Discuss the mechanism of Baeyer Villiger reaction with suitable example. 21. Discuss on the electroorganic synthesis by reduction with suitable examples. 22. Explain the synthetic applications of oxidation reactions using lead ...
... 19. Explain the mechanism of Aldol condensation and Wittig reaction. 20. Discuss the mechanism of Baeyer Villiger reaction with suitable example. 21. Discuss on the electroorganic synthesis by reduction with suitable examples. 22. Explain the synthetic applications of oxidation reactions using lead ...
Demonstrate understanding of the properties of organic compounds
... Ketone bodies are three water-soluble molecules that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods when insulin is low. “Fruity breath” is often a sign of diabetes. ...
... Ketone bodies are three water-soluble molecules that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods when insulin is low. “Fruity breath” is often a sign of diabetes. ...
Redox Reactions
... The Tollens test is a reaction that is specific to aldehydes – the reaction selectively oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids. This reaction is commonly used as a chemical tests for aldehydes and reducing sugars (which contain aldehyde functional groups) as the byproduct of the reaction is metallic ...
... The Tollens test is a reaction that is specific to aldehydes – the reaction selectively oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids. This reaction is commonly used as a chemical tests for aldehydes and reducing sugars (which contain aldehyde functional groups) as the byproduct of the reaction is metallic ...
Solution Key - Chemistry With BT
... Is the stereoisomer obtained in the reaction above optically active? Explain. No, it is not possible to obtain a chiral product from an achiral reactant unless chiral reaction conditions are utilized, such as enzyme catalysis ...
... Is the stereoisomer obtained in the reaction above optically active? Explain. No, it is not possible to obtain a chiral product from an achiral reactant unless chiral reaction conditions are utilized, such as enzyme catalysis ...
handout alkenes from alcohols
... present as a catalyst which promotes the reaction but is not consumed in it. The hydroxyl group in R-OH is a poor-leaving group because it would have to leave as a hydroxide ion (HO-). Therefore, an acid is used to protonate the alcohol (step 1) and form R-OH2+ (see Figure 2). Thus, water (a much be ...
... present as a catalyst which promotes the reaction but is not consumed in it. The hydroxyl group in R-OH is a poor-leaving group because it would have to leave as a hydroxide ion (HO-). Therefore, an acid is used to protonate the alcohol (step 1) and form R-OH2+ (see Figure 2). Thus, water (a much be ...
Subject Description Form
... common spectroscopic techniques available for functional group identification. Illustration will be emphasized on reactions and compounds with structural interest or industrial importance. ...
... common spectroscopic techniques available for functional group identification. Illustration will be emphasized on reactions and compounds with structural interest or industrial importance. ...
Document
... C2, and the “1” is usually omitted in the name. The ring is numbered clockwise or counterclockwise to give the first substituent the lower number. • Compounds that contain both a double bond and a hydroxy group are named as alkenols and the chain (or ring) is numbered to give the OH group the lower ...
... C2, and the “1” is usually omitted in the name. The ring is numbered clockwise or counterclockwise to give the first substituent the lower number. • Compounds that contain both a double bond and a hydroxy group are named as alkenols and the chain (or ring) is numbered to give the OH group the lower ...
Revision
... Synthesis of hexane-3,4-diol from trans-3-hexene may be accomplished in two ways: (i) OsO4 hydroxylation & (ii) C6H5CO3H epoxidation followed by NaOH opening of the epoxide ring. Which of the following statements about the products from these reactions is correct? ...
... Synthesis of hexane-3,4-diol from trans-3-hexene may be accomplished in two ways: (i) OsO4 hydroxylation & (ii) C6H5CO3H epoxidation followed by NaOH opening of the epoxide ring. Which of the following statements about the products from these reactions is correct? ...
Chemistry
... Put a "C" next to the reaction in box 1-1 that is a combination reaction. Put a "D" next to the reaction in Box 1-1 that is a decomposition reaction. Put a "S-R" next to the single replacement reaction in Box 1-1. Put an "O" next to the combustion reaction in Box 1-1. ...
... Put a "C" next to the reaction in box 1-1 that is a combination reaction. Put a "D" next to the reaction in Box 1-1 that is a decomposition reaction. Put a "S-R" next to the single replacement reaction in Box 1-1. Put an "O" next to the combustion reaction in Box 1-1. ...
Chapter 13 - WebAssign
... 36. Identify each of the following pairs of molecules as constitutional 28. What is the difference between a polyamide and a polypeptide? ...
... 36. Identify each of the following pairs of molecules as constitutional 28. What is the difference between a polyamide and a polypeptide? ...
Organic Reactions
... c. in reaction mechanisms, curly arrows show how electrons move – generally electrons from nucleophile move to electrophile 3. Alkanes are relatively inert compared to other functional groups a. Alkenes have pi bonds in which electrons are easily accessible b/c they aren’t trapped between two nuclei ...
... c. in reaction mechanisms, curly arrows show how electrons move – generally electrons from nucleophile move to electrophile 3. Alkanes are relatively inert compared to other functional groups a. Alkenes have pi bonds in which electrons are easily accessible b/c they aren’t trapped between two nuclei ...
4.6, 4.7 test - A
... Draw the structure of the organic compound formed when a large excess of bromomethane reacts with amine L. ...
... Draw the structure of the organic compound formed when a large excess of bromomethane reacts with amine L. ...
The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds
... remover. Trichloromethane (chloroform) is also a solvent and at one time was used as an anesthetic. It is now considered hazardous. ...
... remover. Trichloromethane (chloroform) is also a solvent and at one time was used as an anesthetic. It is now considered hazardous. ...
Redox reactions
... • Most organic compounds burn in air, forming carbon dioxide and water • The structure of the compounds’ molecules is completely destroyed, with the carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule being oxidised • Combustion is exothermic, and ethanol is used as a fuel where it can be produced cheaply ...
... • Most organic compounds burn in air, forming carbon dioxide and water • The structure of the compounds’ molecules is completely destroyed, with the carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule being oxidised • Combustion is exothermic, and ethanol is used as a fuel where it can be produced cheaply ...
handout alkenes from alcohols
... present as a catalyst which promotes the reaction but is not consumed in it. The hydroxyl group in R-OH is a poor-leaving group because it would have to leave as a hydroxide ion (HO-). Therefore, an acid is used to protonate the alcohol (step 1) and form R-OH2+ (see Figure 2). Thus, water (a much be ...
... present as a catalyst which promotes the reaction but is not consumed in it. The hydroxyl group in R-OH is a poor-leaving group because it would have to leave as a hydroxide ion (HO-). Therefore, an acid is used to protonate the alcohol (step 1) and form R-OH2+ (see Figure 2). Thus, water (a much be ...
Document
... • R groups are inductively donating and reduce delta positive charge on C of C=O. Ketones have two R groups and so are less reactive with nucleophiles than aldehydes. • Nucleophiles react with carbonyls as shown below – they attack at delta positive C of C=O breaking pi bond and generating intermedi ...
... • R groups are inductively donating and reduce delta positive charge on C of C=O. Ketones have two R groups and so are less reactive with nucleophiles than aldehydes. • Nucleophiles react with carbonyls as shown below – they attack at delta positive C of C=O breaking pi bond and generating intermedi ...
organic -- notes
... 2. Compounds that do not carbon with attached hydrogen are inorganic molecules B. Hydrocarbons 1. An organic compound whose molecules consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms C. Aliphatic 1. Hydrocarbons and their oxygen or nitrogen derivatives that are not aromatic are called aliphatic compoun ...
... 2. Compounds that do not carbon with attached hydrogen are inorganic molecules B. Hydrocarbons 1. An organic compound whose molecules consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms C. Aliphatic 1. Hydrocarbons and their oxygen or nitrogen derivatives that are not aromatic are called aliphatic compoun ...
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes (also known, as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula ″RX″ where R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).Haloalkanes have been known for centuries. Chloroethane was produced synthetically in the 15th century. The systematic synthesis of such compounds developed in the 19th century in step with the development of organic chemistry and the understanding of the structure of alkanes. Methods were developed for the selective formation of C-halogen bonds. Especially versatile methods included the addition of halogens to alkenes, hydrohalogenation of alkenes, and the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides. These methods are so reliable and so easily implemented that haloalkanes became cheaply available for use in industrial chemistry because the halide could be further replaced by other functional groups.While most haloalkanes are human-produced, non-artificial-source haloalkanes do occur on Earth, mostly through enzyme-mediated synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and especially sea macroalgae (seaweeds). More than 1600 halogenated organics have been identified, with bromoalkanes being the most common haloalkanes. Brominated organics in biology range from biologically produced methyl bromide to non-alkane aromatics and unsaturates (indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and phenols). Halogenated alkanes in land plants are more rare, but do occur, as for example the fluoroacetate produced as a toxin by at least 40 species of known plants. Specific dehalogenase enzymes in bacteria which remove halogens from haloalkanes, are also known.