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(17) These features were present in all our cases. The features
(17) These features were present in all our cases. The features

... Benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (BRLH) of the conjunctiva is a rare, polyclonal proliferation of lymphoid ...
VHF Guidelines 7 August 2014
VHF Guidelines 7 August 2014

... and approximately 5-20 cases of the disease are diagnosed in South Africa each year. Rift Valley fever, a zoonotic disease of sheep and cattle, also occurs in our region, but human infections are generally seen in the context of major outbreaks of disease in livestock which occur at irregular interv ...
сб внеаудиторная 3,93 МБ
сб внеаудиторная 3,93 МБ

... Continent. The French call it La Manche. It is very narrow, only 32 km wide. The British Isles consists of the following islands: Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of: Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is made up of England, ...
Indications for PFT
Indications for PFT

... Disease that affect the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, and the respiratory muscles can all cause a restrictive pattern of pulmonary function. ...
BMC Infectious Diseases
BMC Infectious Diseases

... Test interpretation of combined PanBio-IgG and IgM ELISA. Results are presented according to time of blood collection (days after onset of illness). A combination of four tests (E/M-specific and NS1 serotype-specific capture IgM ELISAs, NS1 serotype-specific IgG ELISA, and IFA) were used to classify ...
Presentation: The 2007 Norovirus Season (PDF: 899KB/42 pages)
Presentation: The 2007 Norovirus Season (PDF: 899KB/42 pages)

... University ...
Ear Infections in Adults ED Patient Factsheet
Ear Infections in Adults ED Patient Factsheet

... in the inner ear. They send information on balance and head position to the brain. Vestibular neuronitis is inflammation of the vestibular nerve, probably caused by a viral infection. The main symptom is sudden and dramatic vertigo (a feeling of spinning around), which may be accompanied by nausea a ...
Immunohistochemical analysis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis
Immunohistochemical analysis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis

... in IHN epizootic survivors at one ype. The health of survivors has not been closely monitored in the wild and it is uncertain how many survive to sexual maturation. Epizootic survivors are released into the wild and are assumed to be virus-free because they show no clinical signs of IHN, and testing ...
Maternal infectious diseases, antimicrobial therapy or immunizations
Maternal infectious diseases, antimicrobial therapy or immunizations

... as fluconazole.[12] For most maternal viral infections, ongoing breastfeed­ ing is recommended with few exceptions (Table 1).[2][14] [15] In cases of maternal HIV infection, breastfeeding is not recommended in resource-rich settings such as Canada, where a safe and culturally accepted replace­ ment ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus

... Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) is a coronavirus, an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus. There are many strains of feline coronaviruses. Strains of Feline Coronavirus that cause a mild intestinal disease (diarrhea) are called Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV). Strains that cause Felin ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... of the 35 HIV negative samples tested positive for HSV antibodies. In that 34.3% of both HIV positive and negative individuals were positive for HSV-1 IgM antibodies. 80% of HIV positive individuals and 71.4% of HIV negative individuals were positive for HSV-1 IgG antibodies. 28.6% of HIV positive i ...
Bacillus cereus, an unusual cause of fulminant liver failure
Bacillus cereus, an unusual cause of fulminant liver failure

... cereus-associated FLF: an extremely acute onset and rapid progression of the disease in a young person, rhabdomyolysis which is also in keeping with mitochondrial dysfunction, and severe lactic acidosis (Dierick et al., 2005; Mahler et al., 1997; Pósfay-Barbe et al., 2008). The connection between t ...
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES 4.   Chronic Disease Epidemics CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
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... produce new data. Some of these initiatives are presented in this report. COPD is a major public health problem in subjects over 40 years of age and will remain a challenge for the future. It is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide (107) and is projected to rank seventh in 2030 ...
European framework for tuberculosis control and elimination WORKING GROUP REPORT
European framework for tuberculosis control and elimination WORKING GROUP REPORT

... inhabitants emerges annually in the general population [9]. 4) Tuberculosis control strategies. Tuberculosis control strategies aim to reduce the incidence of new infections with M. tuberculosis complex by identifying sources of infection as rapidly as possible and rendering them noninfectious throu ...
Emphasizing Military Vaccination Programs
Emphasizing Military Vaccination Programs

... A vaccine is a kind of medication intended to prevent an infection. How do vaccines work? Vaccines do not work directly. They work indirectly, by stimulating the body’s immune system to produce antibodies. The human body responds to different vaccines by making different kinds of antibodies. For ex ...
anthrax - sfcdcp
anthrax - sfcdcp

... Several countries have had anthrax weaponization programs in the past, including the USA. ...
OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH IN ICMR
OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH IN ICMR

... Urban-11.14) and total blindness was 5.40 per thousand(Rural5.99; Urban-4.43). A subsequent survey sponsored by WHO in 1986 also provided a similar prevalence level. For the year 2000 it may be computed that there are approximately 14 million persons with vision 6/60 or less in the country. ...
Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity
Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

... Abstract – Bluetongue (BT) virus, an orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical ...
Document
Document

... B. The virus is detectable in the body by antibody testing. This Occurs usually 6 weeks to 6 months after exposure. They are infectious at this stage. Their T-4 cell count is normal. Some people have stayed in this stage 12 years or longer. C. The immune system weakens. The T-4 cell count begins to ...
Botulism Infection Control
Botulism Infection Control

... is unknown, although ingestion of corn syrup or raw honey accounts for some cases. From 19942003 there were 283 cumulative cases of infant botulism reported in California, none occurring in San Francisco. Intestinal botulism similar to that in infants has been reported very rarely in adults. Inhalat ...
Infectious Disease Policy - Oxnard Union High School District
Infectious Disease Policy - Oxnard Union High School District

... Atlanta, Georgia and other agencies. A. Exposure Determination Occupational exposure means REASONABLY ANTICIPATED skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of employment related duties. Employers with s ...
of symptomatic West Nile virus infection
of symptomatic West Nile virus infection

... West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the flavivirus family, is a reemerging pathogen maintained primarily between mosquitoes and birds, with humans representing one of several incidental hosts. First isolated in Uganda in 1937, WNV outbreaks have subsequently been reported in the Middle East, Africa, ...
Section 2: Peptic Ulcer Disease
Section 2: Peptic Ulcer Disease

... Ten to twenty percent of patients with IBD have a positive family history, usually involving a first-degree relative (Frank, Ott, & Shanahan, 1993; Katz, 1994;). A patient with ulcerative colitis may have family members with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. The same holds true for patients wit ...
When Wonder Drugs Don`t Work
When Wonder Drugs Don`t Work

... to treat serious infections, can damage immature cartilage in bones and joints. As antibiotic resistance further depletes the number of effective drugs available, infants and children will have even fewer treatment options. Senior citizens—people aged 65 and older—represent another group that is par ...
tuberculosis
tuberculosis

... HOW IS LATENT TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSED? Latent tuberculosis is much more common than the active form of the disease and as mentioned previously, the majority of the cases of active tuberculosis are re-activated latent infections. Patients who have latent tuberculosis are asymptomatic and there is no w ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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