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The Planets
The Planets

... large area but is preferable to the second activity as it allows students to compare the sizes of the planets to the space between them and better demonstrates the hugeness of space. The second activity, “Scaling the Solar System with Toilet Paper,” has the advantage of requiring less room. On its s ...
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... a. Find the net force on the Moon due to the gravitational attraction of both the Earth and the Sun when they are aligned Earth, Moon, Sun. b. One fine day, the Star Ship Enterprise decides to tow the Earth out of its orbit and into deep space. Will our Moon come with us? Explain. ...
Gravity Reading - Northwest ISD Moodle
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... an invisible force called gravity. Gravity is the force in the universe that attracts all objects to each other. 2  Gravity has existed since the beginning of the universe. It holds everything in the universe in place. We know it is always there. It is hard to understand how it works. First, you nee ...
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... the sun. This gives us changing perspectives and patterns in the sky and makes it difficult for us to orientate ourselves and determine our location in space. Throughout history, the use of the stars has been an important tool for determining the position of individuals and places on the Earth. From ...
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Ancient Astronomy
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... Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is the amount of solar radiation received per unit area by a surface that is always held perpendicular (or normal) to the rays that come in a straight line from the direction of the sun at its current position in the sky. Typically, you can maximize the amount of irrad ...
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Tropical year

A tropical year (also known as a solar year), for general purposes, is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice. Because of the precession of the equinoxes, the seasonal cycle does not remain exactly synchronized with the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun. As a consequence, the tropical year is about 20 minutes shorter than the time it takes Earth to complete one full orbit around the Sun as measured with respect to the fixed stars (the sidereal year).Since antiquity, astronomers have progressively refined the definition of the tropical year. The Astronomical Almanac Online Glossary 2015 states:year, tropical:the period of time for the ecliptic longitude of the Sun to increase 360 degrees. Since the Sun's ecliptic longitude is measured with respect to the equinox, the tropical year comprises a complete cycle of seasons, and its length is approximated in the long term by the civil (Gregorian) calendar. The mean tropical year is approximately 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds.An equivalent, more descriptive, definition is ""The natural basis for computing passing tropical years is the mean longitude of the Sun reckoned from the precessionally moving equinox (the dynamical equinox or equinox of date). Whenever the longitude reaches a multiple of 360 degrees the mean Sun crosses the vernal equinox and a new tropical year begins"". (Borkowski 1991, p. 122)The mean tropical year on January 1, 2000, was about 365.2421897 ephemeris days according to the calculation of Laskar (1986); each ephemeris day lasting 86,400 SI seconds. By 2010 this had decreased to 365.2421891 (365 ephemeris days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.14 seconds). This is about 365.242181 mean solar days, though the length of a mean solar day is constantly changing.
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