Chapter 11
... 12. According to Figure 11-5, the Protosun was cooler yet much more luminous than the Sun is now. How can this be true? a. The Protosun had more mass. b. The Protosun was much larger. c. The rate of nuclear fusion was higher inside the Protosun. d. Both a and c above. e. Both b and c above. ...
... 12. According to Figure 11-5, the Protosun was cooler yet much more luminous than the Sun is now. How can this be true? a. The Protosun had more mass. b. The Protosun was much larger. c. The rate of nuclear fusion was higher inside the Protosun. d. Both a and c above. e. Both b and c above. ...
Document
... Radius of the star turning into a red giant is increasing due to the great increase in luminosity being provided by the fusion occurring in a shell around the core. ...
... Radius of the star turning into a red giant is increasing due to the great increase in luminosity being provided by the fusion occurring in a shell around the core. ...
Student 1
... Barnard's Star is a very low-mass red dwarf star about six light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Ophiuchus. Barnard's Star is the fourth-closest known individual star to the Sun, after the three components of the Alpha Centauri system. Despite its proximity, Barnard's Star, at a dim ap ...
... Barnard's Star is a very low-mass red dwarf star about six light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Ophiuchus. Barnard's Star is the fourth-closest known individual star to the Sun, after the three components of the Alpha Centauri system. Despite its proximity, Barnard's Star, at a dim ap ...
Asymptotic Giant Branch
... The solid and dashed lines are from theoretical models calculated for a 1.5 solar mass star with varying mass of the 13C pocket. The solid line corresponds to ⅔ of the standard mass (which is 4×10−6 solar masses). The upper and lower dashed curve represent the envelope of a set of calculations where ...
... The solid and dashed lines are from theoretical models calculated for a 1.5 solar mass star with varying mass of the 13C pocket. The solid line corresponds to ⅔ of the standard mass (which is 4×10−6 solar masses). The upper and lower dashed curve represent the envelope of a set of calculations where ...
Objects In Space -- research questions
... 5. Can we see them from Earth? If so, what do they look like? ...
... 5. Can we see them from Earth? If so, what do they look like? ...
death_low_mass
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
NGC 3370 Spiral Galaxy
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
Document
... 1999: using ASCA, X-1 in M82 was found to vary by up to a factor of four, confirming that this bright source was indeed a single object. *Over half of ULXs are known to be variable, ruling out the multiple source or SNR hypothesis. ...
... 1999: using ASCA, X-1 in M82 was found to vary by up to a factor of four, confirming that this bright source was indeed a single object. *Over half of ULXs are known to be variable, ruling out the multiple source or SNR hypothesis. ...
14 The Interstellar Medium and Star Formation
... Dust grains are known to be elongated, rather than spherical, because they polarize light passing through them. They also may be slightly conductive because they polarize and rotate radio waves. ...
... Dust grains are known to be elongated, rather than spherical, because they polarize light passing through them. They also may be slightly conductive because they polarize and rotate radio waves. ...
same
... Actually, professional astronomers only use the exact coordinates. The stars that make up the constellations are not actually physically associated but are just patterns that resemble or honor animals, mythological characters, etc. Many of the constellation names are Greek in origin (e.g., Orion, He ...
... Actually, professional astronomers only use the exact coordinates. The stars that make up the constellations are not actually physically associated but are just patterns that resemble or honor animals, mythological characters, etc. Many of the constellation names are Greek in origin (e.g., Orion, He ...
Announcements - Lick Observatory
... observed in other galaxies and were used to help set the distances to galaxies. • But, when it became clear that even the nearest galaxies were much further away than anyone had thought this suggested that the extragalactic `nova’ were much brighter than Galactic nova -- the term ...
... observed in other galaxies and were used to help set the distances to galaxies. • But, when it became clear that even the nearest galaxies were much further away than anyone had thought this suggested that the extragalactic `nova’ were much brighter than Galactic nova -- the term ...
HW #9 Answers (Due 10/28)
... cool to a certain temperature. There are no white dwarf stars cooler than about spectral type K. This is because there hasn’t been enough time for them to cool any further since the start of the universe. Knowing the cooling rate, and the cutoff in temperature for the white dwarfs, gives an age for ...
... cool to a certain temperature. There are no white dwarf stars cooler than about spectral type K. This is because there hasn’t been enough time for them to cool any further since the start of the universe. Knowing the cooling rate, and the cutoff in temperature for the white dwarfs, gives an age for ...
Physics-Y11-LP3 - All Saints` Catholic High School
... • recall that Cepheid variable stars pulse in brightness, with a period related to their luminosity • recall that and explain qualitatively how this relationship enables astronomers to estimate the distance to Cepheid variable stars • understand the role of observations of Cepheid variable stars in ...
... • recall that Cepheid variable stars pulse in brightness, with a period related to their luminosity • recall that and explain qualitatively how this relationship enables astronomers to estimate the distance to Cepheid variable stars • understand the role of observations of Cepheid variable stars in ...
HW9_Answers
... cool to a certain temperature. There are no white dwarf stars cooler than about spectral type K. This is because there hasn’t been enough time for them to cool any further since the start of the universe. Knowing the cooling rate, and the cutoff in temperature for the white dwarfs, gives an age for ...
... cool to a certain temperature. There are no white dwarf stars cooler than about spectral type K. This is because there hasn’t been enough time for them to cool any further since the start of the universe. Knowing the cooling rate, and the cutoff in temperature for the white dwarfs, gives an age for ...
Lecture 14
... Gravity causes gas cloud to shrink and fragment. Cores of shrinking cloud fragments heat up. Collapse only continues if the cloud cools by radiating away heat. If the initial cloud was spinning a protostellar disk is formed. Protostars approach the main sequence from the right hand side of the HR di ...
... Gravity causes gas cloud to shrink and fragment. Cores of shrinking cloud fragments heat up. Collapse only continues if the cloud cools by radiating away heat. If the initial cloud was spinning a protostellar disk is formed. Protostars approach the main sequence from the right hand side of the HR di ...
Stars change over their life cycles.
... Betelgeuse (BEET-uhl-JOOZ) is more than 600 times greater in diameter than the Sun. If Betelgeuse replaced the Sun, it would fill space in our solar system well beyond Earth’s orbit. Because giant and supergiant stars have such huge surface areas to give off light, they are very bright. Betelgeuse i ...
... Betelgeuse (BEET-uhl-JOOZ) is more than 600 times greater in diameter than the Sun. If Betelgeuse replaced the Sun, it would fill space in our solar system well beyond Earth’s orbit. Because giant and supergiant stars have such huge surface areas to give off light, they are very bright. Betelgeuse i ...
Ch13_Lecture - Chemistry at Winthrop University
... • Binary star systems offer one of the few ways to measure stellar masses – and stellar mass plays the leading role in a star’s evolution • At least 40% of all stars known have orbiting companions (some more than one) • Most binary stars are only a few AU apart – a few are even close enough to touch ...
... • Binary star systems offer one of the few ways to measure stellar masses – and stellar mass plays the leading role in a star’s evolution • At least 40% of all stars known have orbiting companions (some more than one) • Most binary stars are only a few AU apart – a few are even close enough to touch ...
Complete the “Assess Your Understanding” including
... and becomes a _____________________. A white dwarf is about the size of Earth but a million times more dense than the sun. It ________________________ from leftover energy. After billions of years, the leftover energy is gone; the white dwarf _________________________________________________________ ...
... and becomes a _____________________. A white dwarf is about the size of Earth but a million times more dense than the sun. It ________________________ from leftover energy. After billions of years, the leftover energy is gone; the white dwarf _________________________________________________________ ...
Type Ia supernovae and the ESSENCE supernova survey
... The astronomical magnitude system was originated by Hipparchus in the 2nd century BC. The brightest stars in the sky are said to be “of the first magnitude”. The faintest stars visible to the unaided eye are 6th magnitude. For two stars of intensity I1 and I2 their apparent magnitudes are related a ...
... The astronomical magnitude system was originated by Hipparchus in the 2nd century BC. The brightest stars in the sky are said to be “of the first magnitude”. The faintest stars visible to the unaided eye are 6th magnitude. For two stars of intensity I1 and I2 their apparent magnitudes are related a ...
1 LABORATORY 1: DIGITAL IMAGING WITH DS9 MATERIALS
... has lots of useful information. Their website is hosted by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL), whose site is http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/. 2. Go to the Space Telescope Science Institute’s Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) website, http://archive.stsci.edu/dss/dss_form.html, and fill in the form to obt ...
... has lots of useful information. Their website is hosted by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL), whose site is http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/. 2. Go to the Space Telescope Science Institute’s Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) website, http://archive.stsci.edu/dss/dss_form.html, and fill in the form to obt ...
Chapter 8, Lesson 5, pdf
... • Explain the big bang and the way in which Earth and its atmosphere were formed. ...
... • Explain the big bang and the way in which Earth and its atmosphere were formed. ...
1/20/09 301 Physics Chapter 12 The Family of Stars Triangulation
... – Therefore, as one moves up the H-R diagram, a star’s radius must become bigger – On the other hand, for a given luminosity, the larger the radius, the smaller the temperature – Therefore, as one moves right on the H-R diagram, a star’s radius must increase – The net effect of this is that the smal ...
... – Therefore, as one moves up the H-R diagram, a star’s radius must become bigger – On the other hand, for a given luminosity, the larger the radius, the smaller the temperature – Therefore, as one moves right on the H-R diagram, a star’s radius must increase – The net effect of this is that the smal ...
Magnitudes lesson plan
... that he could see from his latitude into six classes of brightness. His idea of six classes probably came from the Babylonians whose base number was six. The formal introduction of six magnitudes has been credited to Ptolemy (100-150 A.D.) who was a Greek/Egyptian astronomer. He simply advanced the ...
... that he could see from his latitude into six classes of brightness. His idea of six classes probably came from the Babylonians whose base number was six. The formal introduction of six magnitudes has been credited to Ptolemy (100-150 A.D.) who was a Greek/Egyptian astronomer. He simply advanced the ...
Ch. S1 - Relativity Group
... First of all, the beauty that he sees is available to other people and to me, too, I believe, although I might not be quite as refined aesthetically as he is. But I can appreciate the beauty of a flower. At the same time, I see much more about the flower that he sees. I could imagine the cells in th ...
... First of all, the beauty that he sees is available to other people and to me, too, I believe, although I might not be quite as refined aesthetically as he is. But I can appreciate the beauty of a flower. At the same time, I see much more about the flower that he sees. I could imagine the cells in th ...
Perseus (constellation)
Perseus, named after the Greek mythological hero Perseus, is a constellation in the northern sky. It was one of 48 listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and among the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is located in the northern celestial hemisphere near several other constellations named after legends surrounding Perseus, including Andromeda to the west and Cassiopeia to the north. Perseus is also bordered by Aries and Taurus to the south, Auriga to the east, Camelopardalis to the north, and Triangulum to the west.The galactic plane of the Milky Way passes through Perseus but is mostly obscured by molecular clouds. The constellation's brightest star is the yellow-white supergiant Alpha Persei (also called Mirfak), which shines at magnitude 1.79. It and many of the surrounding stars are members of an open cluster known as the Alpha Persei Cluster. The best-known star, however, is Algol (Beta Persei), linked with ominous legends because of its variability, which is noticeable to the naked eye. Rather than being an intrinsically variable star, it is an eclipsing binary. Other notable star systems in Perseus include X Persei, a binary system containing a neutron star, and GK Persei, a nova that peaked at magnitude 0.2 in 1901. The Double Cluster, comprising two open clusters quite near each other in the sky, was known to the ancient Chinese. The constellation gives its name to the Perseus Cluster (Abell 426), a massive galaxy cluster located 250 million light-years from Earth. It hosts the radiant of the annual Perseids meteor shower—one of the most prominent meteor showers in the sky.