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Self-Motivating Computational System Cognitive Architecture
Self-Motivating Computational System Cognitive Architecture

... So then how does the ICOM methodology or hypothesis apply, or relate, to the standard concepts of Cognitive Architecture? In my experience, most cognitive architecture such as Sigma [4] is really a bottom up architecture focused on the smallest details of what we have the technology and understandi ...
Neo-Darwinists and Neo-Aristotelians: how to talk about natural
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... being explained away or reduced to principles of the non-living matter that form its constituent parts. This paper is concerned with the purposive characteristics of living activity generally, and not with the more obvious purposive nature of conscious human behavior and thought, although this might ...
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... items such as fight; lastly, a mechanism to select one or another event depending on the agent involved (e.g. wrestler vs. wrestling fan) is not specified. Facts like this are well known at least since Lascarides and Copestake (1998), who claim that qualia structure alone (as defined in Pustejovsky ...
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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that our environment is one which we selectively create through our capacities to interact with the world. ""Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world."" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate.The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as ""the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation"". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, who proposed the name to ""emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs"". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment.The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as ""cognitively marginal"", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. ""In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.""Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism.
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