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AP Psych Chapter 1 notes
AP Psych Chapter 1 notes

... Social psychologists might explain differences as a function of cultural restraints against aggressive behavior in women. Explanations become theories about the causes of sex differences in aggression Each theory allows us to make a number of new hypotheses or predictions about the issue in question ...
Global Community Investment Ambition and Strategy
Global Community Investment Ambition and Strategy

... to develop the skills that will help them to succeed at school and in the workplace, and on instilling in them the confidence to be more ambitious. In addition, we use our advisory skills to help social enterprises whose aims are aligned with ours to develop and transform their business models. ...
What to make of near death experiences? By Rev. James Coleman
What to make of near death experiences? By Rev. James Coleman

... There are problems with a materialist world view. One criticism was proposed by C S Lewis. He observed that if we are just here by chance, as posited by materialist evolutionary theory, and if our sense of consciousness is just a perception generated by the “brain machine” working, then how can we k ...
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... “I have no argument with those who say [DMT] can produce a very powerful psychedelic experience; maybe one with genuine implications for our understanding of what consciousness. And reality, actually are.” However, it remains a fact that DMT effects the neocortex, and if there is no neocortex to be ...
THEORIES OF INSTRUCTION/LEARNING
THEORIES OF INSTRUCTION/LEARNING

...  Vygotsky (1978) states: "Every function in the child's cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological).  A second aspect of Vygotsky's theory is the idea t ...
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Teemu Paavolainen Postdoctoral Researcher University of Tampere

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Cognitive & Linguistic Sciences 1

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... attitude and it is a reaction that is learnt to avoid the possible danger. For example, if you got ill because of a certain food, then you wouldn’t want to try that food or similar one again. This however, can cause irrational and antisocial actions or attitudes such as racism, sexism and age discri ...
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... Dewey would then say that learning has taken place. The best setting for this practical problemsolving is in communication and collaboration with a community of learners Vygotsky: Through interaction with our culture and other people in the culture who give us feedback. People need to talk about a n ...
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evolutionary view
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Artificial Intelligence

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... – Languages became “user-friendly” – easy to learn by children – The brain has adapted in order to make it easy to learn language – “front heavy” ...
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Cross-disciplinary approaches

... Do we lose something by such an approach? Do we lose the sense of history being a coherent subject? Does it instead become some sort of scholarly ‘pick and mix’, with the result that historians will increasingly find themselves speaking different languages from one another? • In gaining greater brea ...
Author template for journal articles
Author template for journal articles

... Enaction proposes to address cognition as the history of structural coupling between an organism and its environment. Here follows a brief summary of the concepts closely linked to it. For a more detailed account, we recommend the review articles by (McGee, 2005, 2006). Enaction originates from the ...
Outline of the support document
Outline of the support document

... self-awareness be integrated? What is the nature and function of memory? Can we build systems that are auto-descriptive, auto-critical, auto-regulating and auto-healing? The nature of knowledge: What kinds of informational states, memory and knowledge are useful to identify? How can knowledge enable ...
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1. Classical conditioning

... Organisms' gain a great deal of knowledge through observing the behavior of others, observations occur by looking, touching, listening –etc. This model is called observational learning. ...
Paradigms What is a paradigm? Three to consider The Genetic
Paradigms What is a paradigm? Three to consider The Genetic

... How about thinking and feeling? • Cognitive science adds treatment options • Takes into account that we actively filter our experiences based upon past info & experience • Schemas – mental structures for organizing information about the world ...
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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that our environment is one which we selectively create through our capacities to interact with the world. ""Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world."" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate.The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as ""the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation"". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, who proposed the name to ""emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs"". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment.The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as ""cognitively marginal"", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. ""In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.""Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism.
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