Glia Ç more than just brain glue
... such changes in blood flow forms the basis of the study of brain function by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Besides regulating blood flow, astrocytes ferry glucose and oxygen from blood to neurons. It is hypothesized that they convert glucose into lactate. Lactate is then exported to ...
... such changes in blood flow forms the basis of the study of brain function by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Besides regulating blood flow, astrocytes ferry glucose and oxygen from blood to neurons. It is hypothesized that they convert glucose into lactate. Lactate is then exported to ...
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
The epistemic value of brain-machine systems for the study of the
... Over and above this basic result, which paves the way to important therapeutic applications, the authors have drawn interesting insights on the functioning of the (monkey) nervous system from data obtained during the “pole control” (Figure 1) and “brain control” (Figures 2 and 3) stages. Let me star ...
... Over and above this basic result, which paves the way to important therapeutic applications, the authors have drawn interesting insights on the functioning of the (monkey) nervous system from data obtained during the “pole control” (Figure 1) and “brain control” (Figures 2 and 3) stages. Let me star ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... Before proceeding, what do we mean by ‘computation’? To a first approximation, computation is what computers and similar machines do. The paradigmatic computer is the kind we use every day: the electronic, programmable, stored-program, universal digital computer. Of course, computationalism is not c ...
... Before proceeding, what do we mean by ‘computation’? To a first approximation, computation is what computers and similar machines do. The paradigmatic computer is the kind we use every day: the electronic, programmable, stored-program, universal digital computer. Of course, computationalism is not c ...
Lissencephaly - Cambridge University Press
... Pneumoencephalograms show enlarged ventricles (colpocephaly, persistence of a fetal situation rather than true hydrocephalus) and absence of air over the cerebral convexities (Daube and Chou, 1966). Electroencephalogram (EEG) shows hypsarrhythmia (Harper, 1967). The cause of lissencephaly has been r ...
... Pneumoencephalograms show enlarged ventricles (colpocephaly, persistence of a fetal situation rather than true hydrocephalus) and absence of air over the cerebral convexities (Daube and Chou, 1966). Electroencephalogram (EEG) shows hypsarrhythmia (Harper, 1967). The cause of lissencephaly has been r ...
Slide 8
... until they reach their target, which could include not only other endocrine glands but also muscles and organs. The pituitary gland or master gland oversees all the endocrine responses. However, the pituitary gland takes orders from the hypothalamus. We will take a closer look at the hypothalamus in ...
... until they reach their target, which could include not only other endocrine glands but also muscles and organs. The pituitary gland or master gland oversees all the endocrine responses. However, the pituitary gland takes orders from the hypothalamus. We will take a closer look at the hypothalamus in ...
Bridging Cytoarchitectonics and Connectomics in Human Cerebral
... Cytoarchitectonic mappings of the human cortex were taken from the 1925 Von Economo and Koskinas work Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen (Von Economo and Koskinas, 1925) [translated Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex (Triarhou, 2008)]. As described in the ...
... Cytoarchitectonic mappings of the human cortex were taken from the 1925 Von Economo and Koskinas work Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen (Von Economo and Koskinas, 1925) [translated Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex (Triarhou, 2008)]. As described in the ...
Slide 1
... AND INFORMATION THEORY Sandra Iglesias Laboratory for Social & Neural Systems Research (SNS) ...
... AND INFORMATION THEORY Sandra Iglesias Laboratory for Social & Neural Systems Research (SNS) ...
Neural Activity and the Development of Brain Circuits
... . Regulation of Critical Periods . Conclusion ...
... . Regulation of Critical Periods . Conclusion ...
Sports concussion management in the South African environment
... Because the manifestations of concussion are largely functional rather than structural, brain scans (CT or MRI) have specific indications. In those cases where imaging is warranted, the indication, type of scan and result are recorded on the SCOAT. ...
... Because the manifestations of concussion are largely functional rather than structural, brain scans (CT or MRI) have specific indications. In those cases where imaging is warranted, the indication, type of scan and result are recorded on the SCOAT. ...
Distributed patterns of reactivation predict vividness of recollection.
... Classification accuracy correlated positively with memory vividness, indicating that the specificity of multivariate brain patterns observed during memory retrieval was related to the subjective quality of a memory. In addition, we identified a set of brain regions whose univariate activity during r ...
... Classification accuracy correlated positively with memory vividness, indicating that the specificity of multivariate brain patterns observed during memory retrieval was related to the subjective quality of a memory. In addition, we identified a set of brain regions whose univariate activity during r ...
The Nervous System - Gordon State College
... The spinal cord transmits information from sensory neurons to the brain, and from the brain to motor neurons that initiate movement. The upper segments of the spinal cord control the upper parts of the body, while the lower segments control the lower body. The spinal cord also controls some au ...
... The spinal cord transmits information from sensory neurons to the brain, and from the brain to motor neurons that initiate movement. The upper segments of the spinal cord control the upper parts of the body, while the lower segments control the lower body. The spinal cord also controls some au ...
Neural Computation and Neuromodulation Underlying Social
... has sculpted specialized circuits that respond to cues in the environment with purposeful behaviors. As a result of years of progress in neuroscience, the study of social behavior is now tractable in a diverse set of species on levels ranging from genetics to behavior (Arnold and Breedlove 1985; Mea ...
... has sculpted specialized circuits that respond to cues in the environment with purposeful behaviors. As a result of years of progress in neuroscience, the study of social behavior is now tractable in a diverse set of species on levels ranging from genetics to behavior (Arnold and Breedlove 1985; Mea ...
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied
... corroborates this hypothesis. The observed mouth actions could be either object-directed, like a human, monkey or dog biting a piece of food, or communicative, like human silent speech, monkey lip-smacking and dog barking. The results showed that the observation of all biting actions led to the acti ...
... corroborates this hypothesis. The observed mouth actions could be either object-directed, like a human, monkey or dog biting a piece of food, or communicative, like human silent speech, monkey lip-smacking and dog barking. The results showed that the observation of all biting actions led to the acti ...
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adults with
... recapturing and reprocessing the childhood experiences that are understood to have given rise to current emotional problems. A difference of CBT over these earlier therapies is that its goals and methods are quite explicit. As such, it lends itself more readily to measuring whether or not desired g ...
... recapturing and reprocessing the childhood experiences that are understood to have given rise to current emotional problems. A difference of CBT over these earlier therapies is that its goals and methods are quite explicit. As such, it lends itself more readily to measuring whether or not desired g ...
Cell Density in the Border Zone Around Old Small Human Brain
... hypoperfusion remains uncertain. The tissue is not ischemic in terms of a low perfusion pressure and poor collateral filling, because in most cases the hypoperfusion is resistant to surgical revascularization.3 A state of incomplete infarction, i.e. a selective neuronal cell necrosis with otherwise ...
... hypoperfusion remains uncertain. The tissue is not ischemic in terms of a low perfusion pressure and poor collateral filling, because in most cases the hypoperfusion is resistant to surgical revascularization.3 A state of incomplete infarction, i.e. a selective neuronal cell necrosis with otherwise ...
New frontiers in neuroimaging applications to inborn errors of
... nervous system resulting in chronic encephalopathy, though the etiopathophysiology of neurological injury have not been fully established in many disorders. Shared mechanisms can be envisioned such as oxidative injury due to over-activation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors with subsequent gl ...
... nervous system resulting in chronic encephalopathy, though the etiopathophysiology of neurological injury have not been fully established in many disorders. Shared mechanisms can be envisioned such as oxidative injury due to over-activation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors with subsequent gl ...
An Introduction To Human Neuroanatomy
... many layers of the membrane wrapped around them, and thus being insulated with many layers of myelin. ...
... many layers of the membrane wrapped around them, and thus being insulated with many layers of myelin. ...
Synaptic receptors, neurotransmitters and brain modulators
... areas in the frontal lobes. Function - The ventral tegmentum is considered to be part of the pleasure system, or reward circuit, one of the major sources of incentive and behavioural motivation. psychostimulant drugs (such as cocaine) directly target VTA. Hence, it is widely implicated in neurobiolo ...
... areas in the frontal lobes. Function - The ventral tegmentum is considered to be part of the pleasure system, or reward circuit, one of the major sources of incentive and behavioural motivation. psychostimulant drugs (such as cocaine) directly target VTA. Hence, it is widely implicated in neurobiolo ...
Rhetorical Mimic: Using Empathy to Persuade
... neurons hold the key for the human capacity to empathize, and empathy helps us persuade and be swayed. Therefore, we must be cautious of our mirror cells kicking in whenever we are prone to persuasion (which is, of course, all the time). We might respond in a very specific way because our mirror ne ...
... neurons hold the key for the human capacity to empathize, and empathy helps us persuade and be swayed. Therefore, we must be cautious of our mirror cells kicking in whenever we are prone to persuasion (which is, of course, all the time). We might respond in a very specific way because our mirror ne ...
Brain-implantable biomimetic electronics as the next era in neural
... neural network models in question must be miniaturized sufficiently to be implantable, which demands their implementation in at least microchip circuitry. Given the known signaling characteristics of neurons, such an implementation will most likely involve hybrid analog/digital device designs. Fourt ...
... neural network models in question must be miniaturized sufficiently to be implantable, which demands their implementation in at least microchip circuitry. Given the known signaling characteristics of neurons, such an implementation will most likely involve hybrid analog/digital device designs. Fourt ...
Level 3 Pharmaceutical Science
... This system, along with the endocrine system (the glands) organises the reactions of the body to internal and external changes. It is composed of the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves. They act together, communicating and carrying information to the brain, and instructions from it. There are two ...
... This system, along with the endocrine system (the glands) organises the reactions of the body to internal and external changes. It is composed of the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves. They act together, communicating and carrying information to the brain, and instructions from it. There are two ...
A computational hypothesis for allostasis: delineation of substance
... The hedonic effect of an addictive substance on the brain’s reward system is orchestrated by within-system neuroadaptations and between-system neuroadaptations (4). Experimental observations show that rats undergo a continuous degradation of hedonic valence during extended periods of cocaine consump ...
... The hedonic effect of an addictive substance on the brain’s reward system is orchestrated by within-system neuroadaptations and between-system neuroadaptations (4). Experimental observations show that rats undergo a continuous degradation of hedonic valence during extended periods of cocaine consump ...
Creating Buzz: The Neural Correlates of Effective Message
... with neural responses in the communicators’ mentalizing systems and reward systems when they first heard the messages, prior to spreading them. Similarly, individuals more able to spread their own views to others produced greater mentalizing-system activity during initial encoding. Unlike prior soci ...
... with neural responses in the communicators’ mentalizing systems and reward systems when they first heard the messages, prior to spreading them. Similarly, individuals more able to spread their own views to others produced greater mentalizing-system activity during initial encoding. Unlike prior soci ...
Untitled - inetTeacher
... functions of the central nervous system? The Communication Process • Messages are sent from the axon terminals of one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons • In order for this process to happen, the message must cross a synapse. • A synapse is a junction between the axon terminals of one neuron a ...
... functions of the central nervous system? The Communication Process • Messages are sent from the axon terminals of one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons • In order for this process to happen, the message must cross a synapse. • A synapse is a junction between the axon terminals of one neuron a ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.