Le Châtelier`s Principle
... Increase in the concentration of sulfur dioxide: The equilibrium shifts right to use up the extra SO2, producing more sulfur trioxide and using up some oxygen. Decreasing the partial pressure of sulfur trioxide: This is equivalent to decreasing the concentration of sulfur trioxide. The equilibrium w ...
... Increase in the concentration of sulfur dioxide: The equilibrium shifts right to use up the extra SO2, producing more sulfur trioxide and using up some oxygen. Decreasing the partial pressure of sulfur trioxide: This is equivalent to decreasing the concentration of sulfur trioxide. The equilibrium w ...
Unit 2 Summary - A
... Then calculate the atom economy of the reaction and compare it to the percentage yield. Is this an efficient process? ...
... Then calculate the atom economy of the reaction and compare it to the percentage yield. Is this an efficient process? ...
Single Replacement Reactions - Tri
... • People who lived in 19th century cities were often poisoned by exposure to carbon monoxide from illuminating gas, which was a flammable mixture of gas suitable for lighting purposes that is made from coal and contained extremely high levels of CO. ...
... • People who lived in 19th century cities were often poisoned by exposure to carbon monoxide from illuminating gas, which was a flammable mixture of gas suitable for lighting purposes that is made from coal and contained extremely high levels of CO. ...
chemical kinetics
... aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride. On the other hand, some reactions are very slow, for example, rusting of iron in the presence of air and moisture. Also there are reactions like inversion of cane sugar and hydrolysis of starch, which proceed with a moderate speed. Can you thi ...
... aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride. On the other hand, some reactions are very slow, for example, rusting of iron in the presence of air and moisture. Also there are reactions like inversion of cane sugar and hydrolysis of starch, which proceed with a moderate speed. Can you thi ...
225 Unit 7, Lab 1 - Pope John Paul II High School
... In the example seen above, 3O2 had to be added to the right side of the equation to balance it and show that the excess oxygen is not consumed during the reaction. In this example, methane is called the limiting reactant. Although we have discussed balancing equations in terms of numbers of atoms an ...
... In the example seen above, 3O2 had to be added to the right side of the equation to balance it and show that the excess oxygen is not consumed during the reaction. In this example, methane is called the limiting reactant. Although we have discussed balancing equations in terms of numbers of atoms an ...
Use the following answers for questions 10
... 39. Equal masses of three different ideal gases, X, Y, and Z, are mixed in a sealed rigid container. If the temperature of the system remains constant, which of the following statements about the partial pressure of gas X is correct? (A) It is equal to 1/3 the total pressure (B) It depends on the in ...
... 39. Equal masses of three different ideal gases, X, Y, and Z, are mixed in a sealed rigid container. If the temperature of the system remains constant, which of the following statements about the partial pressure of gas X is correct? (A) It is equal to 1/3 the total pressure (B) It depends on the in ...
THERMOCHEMISTRY
... Hess’s Law of Summation · For a chemical equation that can be written as the sum of two or more steps, the enthalpy change for the overall equation equals the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps. ...
... Hess’s Law of Summation · For a chemical equation that can be written as the sum of two or more steps, the enthalpy change for the overall equation equals the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps. ...
Thermodynamics
... P (e.g. atmospheric pressure for a flask open to the air) and one at constant volume (for reactions in solution the volume changes are usually extremely small and so can be ignored) the enthalpy is essentially the energy of the system. (Pressure and volume changes are the main types of work performe ...
... P (e.g. atmospheric pressure for a flask open to the air) and one at constant volume (for reactions in solution the volume changes are usually extremely small and so can be ignored) the enthalpy is essentially the energy of the system. (Pressure and volume changes are the main types of work performe ...
Types of Chemical Reactions
... • Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)--Law of Conservation of Matter: Matter can neither be created nor destroyed this means you having to “balance equations” is his entire fault!! Not all reactions will fall neatly into just one category, but we have to start somewhere! Let’s start with the “terminolog ...
... • Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)--Law of Conservation of Matter: Matter can neither be created nor destroyed this means you having to “balance equations” is his entire fault!! Not all reactions will fall neatly into just one category, but we have to start somewhere! Let’s start with the “terminolog ...
Chapter 19 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 19.1 SPONTANEOUS
... 1. Unlike enthalpies of formation, standard molar entropies of elements at the reference temperature of 298 K are not zero. 2. The standard molar entropies of gases are greater than those of liquids and solids, consistent with our interpretation of experimental observations, as represented in Figure ...
... 1. Unlike enthalpies of formation, standard molar entropies of elements at the reference temperature of 298 K are not zero. 2. The standard molar entropies of gases are greater than those of liquids and solids, consistent with our interpretation of experimental observations, as represented in Figure ...
Chapter 9 Reaction Energetics
... Thermodynamics is similar to bookkeeping. In thermodynamics the flow of energy is monitored, while in bookkeeping, the flow of money is monitored. The direction of flow is given by the sign of the change. By convention, the change in a variable is denoted by placing a delta (Δ) in front of the varia ...
... Thermodynamics is similar to bookkeeping. In thermodynamics the flow of energy is monitored, while in bookkeeping, the flow of money is monitored. The direction of flow is given by the sign of the change. By convention, the change in a variable is denoted by placing a delta (Δ) in front of the varia ...
Atomic Weights Average Atomic Masses
... Atomic Weights Average Atomic Masses • Relative atomic mass: average masses of isotopes: – Naturally occurring C: 98.892 % 12C + 1.108 % 13C. • Average mass of C: • (0.98892)(12 amu) + (0.01108)(13.00335) = 12.011 amu. • Atomic weight (AW) is also known as average atomic mass (atomic weight). • Ato ...
... Atomic Weights Average Atomic Masses • Relative atomic mass: average masses of isotopes: – Naturally occurring C: 98.892 % 12C + 1.108 % 13C. • Average mass of C: • (0.98892)(12 amu) + (0.01108)(13.00335) = 12.011 amu. • Atomic weight (AW) is also known as average atomic mass (atomic weight). • Ato ...
South Pasadena • AP Chemistry
... a) all salts containing NH4+ are soluble. b) all salts containing NO3– are soluble. c) all fluorides are soluble. d) all sulfates (except those of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Pb2+) are soluble. e) most hydroxides are insoluble, except those of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, the alkali metals and NH4+. ...
... a) all salts containing NH4+ are soluble. b) all salts containing NO3– are soluble. c) all fluorides are soluble. d) all sulfates (except those of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Pb2+) are soluble. e) most hydroxides are insoluble, except those of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, the alkali metals and NH4+. ...
Electrons
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is____except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is____. 5. Group 1 metals are____, Group 2 metals are____and fluorine is always____. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is eq ...
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is____except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is____. 5. Group 1 metals are____, Group 2 metals are____and fluorine is always____. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is eq ...
Chemistr.e1a.chapter.4.new2015
... the rules for assigning oxidation numbers and how to determine if a reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction. To assign oxidation numbers to any substance, follow the following rules in order. 1. Pure elements: For any atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is zero. ...
... the rules for assigning oxidation numbers and how to determine if a reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction. To assign oxidation numbers to any substance, follow the following rules in order. 1. Pure elements: For any atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is zero. ...
Chemical Equations
... Single Replacement Other single replacement reactions 3 C(s) + 2 Fe2O3(s) → 4 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + Zn(s) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s) Single replacement reactions are also oxidationreduction (REDOX) reactions. ...
... Single Replacement Other single replacement reactions 3 C(s) + 2 Fe2O3(s) → 4 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + Zn(s) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s) Single replacement reactions are also oxidationreduction (REDOX) reactions. ...
Polysulfane Antitumor Agents from o
... Information). These results provide evidence for the formation of 5 in the benzyne-Sx reaction and are consistent with the idea that heat or nucleophiles can influence the equilibrium between polysulfane compounds,7a,11-13 which offers a reason for the decomposition of o-C6H4S8 5 under the condition ...
... Information). These results provide evidence for the formation of 5 in the benzyne-Sx reaction and are consistent with the idea that heat or nucleophiles can influence the equilibrium between polysulfane compounds,7a,11-13 which offers a reason for the decomposition of o-C6H4S8 5 under the condition ...
Transition state theory
Transition state theory (TST) explains the reaction rates of elementary chemical reactions. The theory assumes a special type of chemical equilibrium (quasi-equilibrium) between reactants and activated transition state complexes.TST is used primarily to understand qualitatively how chemical reactions take place. TST has been less successful in its original goal of calculating absolute reaction rate constants because the calculation of absolute reaction rates requires precise knowledge of potential energy surfaces, but it has been successful in calculating the standard enthalpy of activation (Δ‡Hɵ), the standard entropy of activation (Δ‡Sɵ), and the standard Gibbs energy of activation (Δ‡Gɵ) for a particular reaction if its rate constant has been experimentally determined. (The ‡ notation refers to the value of interest at the transition state.)This theory was developed simultaneously in 1935 by Henry Eyring, then at Princeton University, and by Meredith Gwynne Evans and Michael Polanyi of the University of Manchester. TST is also referred to as ""activated-complex theory,"" ""absolute-rate theory,"" and ""theory of absolute reaction rates.""Before the development of TST, the Arrhenius rate law was widely used to determine energies for the reaction barrier. The Arrhenius equation derives from empirical observations and ignores any mechanistic considerations, such as whether one or more reactive intermediates are involved in the conversion of a reactant to a product. Therefore, further development was necessary to understand the two parameters associated with this law, the pre-exponential factor (A) and the activation energy (Ea). TST, which led to the Eyring equation, successfully addresses these two issues; however, 46 years elapsed between the publication of the Arrhenius rate law, in 1889, and the Eyring equation derived from TST, in 1935. During that period, many scientists and researchers contributed significantly to the development of the theory.