Functional maps within a single neuron
... these intraneuronal maps to plasticity in sensory maps. For instance, studies involving the effects of dark rearing on various visual maps could be metaphorically related to the studies involving activity blockade to a neuronal map. In both cases, the maps respond to changes in the environment by ch ...
... these intraneuronal maps to plasticity in sensory maps. For instance, studies involving the effects of dark rearing on various visual maps could be metaphorically related to the studies involving activity blockade to a neuronal map. In both cases, the maps respond to changes in the environment by ch ...
Neural Mechanisms of Bias and Sensitivity in Hiroshi Nishida Muneyoshi Takahashi
... models of decision making, using reaction-time analysis (usually of eye movements) to examine cumulative properties of the decision process (with respect to how reward influences bias and sensitivity mechanism). Reaction time is defined as the difference in duration between the stimulus onset and the b ...
... models of decision making, using reaction-time analysis (usually of eye movements) to examine cumulative properties of the decision process (with respect to how reward influences bias and sensitivity mechanism). Reaction time is defined as the difference in duration between the stimulus onset and the b ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... and motor areas, but has direct access to higher-order representations within all modalities. The PFC also receives important projections from the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and several brainstem structures, directly or indirectly through the thalamus (reviewed in Fuster, 1988). These limbic struct ...
... and motor areas, but has direct access to higher-order representations within all modalities. The PFC also receives important projections from the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and several brainstem structures, directly or indirectly through the thalamus (reviewed in Fuster, 1988). These limbic struct ...
Opposite Effects of Amphetamine Self
... in particular, in orbital frontal cortex (OFC). For example, imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 19 ...
... in particular, in orbital frontal cortex (OFC). For example, imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 19 ...
Opposite Effects of Amphetamine Self
... in particular, in orbital frontal cortex (OFC). For example, imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 19 ...
... in particular, in orbital frontal cortex (OFC). For example, imaging studies in human stimulant users have found persistent basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 19 ...
File
... neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is not part of an ion channel. • This binding activates a signal transduction pathway involving a second messenger in the postsynaptic cell. • Effects of indirect synaptic transmission have a ...
... neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is not part of an ion channel. • This binding activates a signal transduction pathway involving a second messenger in the postsynaptic cell. • Effects of indirect synaptic transmission have a ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... low-amplitude, high-frequency activity (so-called ‘activated EEG’). By contrast, slow waves of high amplitude dominate the neocortical EEG during slow-wave sleep (SWS) (called ‘synchronized EEG’). Although spectral analyses of the neocortical EEG reveal a continuum of frequencies during SWS, it incl ...
... low-amplitude, high-frequency activity (so-called ‘activated EEG’). By contrast, slow waves of high amplitude dominate the neocortical EEG during slow-wave sleep (SWS) (called ‘synchronized EEG’). Although spectral analyses of the neocortical EEG reveal a continuum of frequencies during SWS, it incl ...
Hierarchical Processing of Auditory Objects in Humans
... likelihood as the conditional probability of each model. Model 1 is the optimal model over all participants, with the exception of participant 7. The parameters for this model specify a serial model with connectivity (HG ! PT ! STS) and modulation of connection from HG ! PT during the analysis of th ...
... likelihood as the conditional probability of each model. Model 1 is the optimal model over all participants, with the exception of participant 7. The parameters for this model specify a serial model with connectivity (HG ! PT ! STS) and modulation of connection from HG ! PT during the analysis of th ...
A Neural Network Architecture for General Image Recognition
... should, provide feedback to modify the techniques used at previous stages. This is rarely done in existing ...
... should, provide feedback to modify the techniques used at previous stages. This is rarely done in existing ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... clinical reasons, it is possible to obtain single-cell recordings in humans. Among these, patients with epilepsy refractory to medication may be implanted with intracranial depth (grid or strip) electrodes to localize the epileptic focus116. After the implantation of the electrodes, patients are con ...
... clinical reasons, it is possible to obtain single-cell recordings in humans. Among these, patients with epilepsy refractory to medication may be implanted with intracranial depth (grid or strip) electrodes to localize the epileptic focus116. After the implantation of the electrodes, patients are con ...
Review Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation
... With this experiment, he showed that the brain, in order to maintain a state of wakefulness, needs to receive stimuli from the brainstem or from the brain itself. Removal of these stimuli leads to a state of persistent sleepiness. In his article New research on the mechanism of sleep,13 Bremer repor ...
... With this experiment, he showed that the brain, in order to maintain a state of wakefulness, needs to receive stimuli from the brainstem or from the brain itself. Removal of these stimuli leads to a state of persistent sleepiness. In his article New research on the mechanism of sleep,13 Bremer repor ...
Seizure Disorder PowerPoint.2014-02-04
... 3. Keep the child safe. Move any harmful objects out of the child’s way. 4. Stay with the child. After the seizure • Stay with the child. • Reassure and comfort the child. • Inform the parent/guardian that the seizure occurred. ...
... 3. Keep the child safe. Move any harmful objects out of the child’s way. 4. Stay with the child. After the seizure • Stay with the child. • Reassure and comfort the child. • Inform the parent/guardian that the seizure occurred. ...
Autobiographical Mem..
... and videos. All of these different perspectives, as they merge in our minds, seem destined to produce source errors. In other words, it is likely that many of the small number of adults and older children who claim memories from before age 2 are reporting constructed or “false” memories rather than ...
... and videos. All of these different perspectives, as they merge in our minds, seem destined to produce source errors. In other words, it is likely that many of the small number of adults and older children who claim memories from before age 2 are reporting constructed or “false” memories rather than ...
Backup of Autobiogra..
... and videos. All of these different perspectives, as they merge in our minds, seem destined to produce source errors. In other words, there is no guarantee that the small number of adults and older children who claim memories from before age 2 are not reporting constructed or “false” memories rather ...
... and videos. All of these different perspectives, as they merge in our minds, seem destined to produce source errors. In other words, there is no guarantee that the small number of adults and older children who claim memories from before age 2 are not reporting constructed or “false” memories rather ...
Habit formation
... trial, bestowing on behavior more automaticity the stronger the activity is as the behavior begins. On this point, in recent human neuroimaging work on decision-making processes for Smith Graybiel 7 ...
... trial, bestowing on behavior more automaticity the stronger the activity is as the behavior begins. On this point, in recent human neuroimaging work on decision-making processes for Smith Graybiel 7 ...
animal_responses_to_the_environment
... Neurons are interconnected to form a continuous conduction system throughout the body. The axon of one neuron connects with the dendrites of the next neuron. Successive neurons are not directly connected to each other, but seperated by a small gap. A physiological (functional) connection is formed k ...
... Neurons are interconnected to form a continuous conduction system throughout the body. The axon of one neuron connects with the dendrites of the next neuron. Successive neurons are not directly connected to each other, but seperated by a small gap. A physiological (functional) connection is formed k ...
Impact on Perception, Attention, and Memory
... These studies demonstrate that when attentional resources are limited, emotional stimuli have preferential access to awareness. Emotion’s facilitation of awareness also extends to the perception of nonemotional stimuli in the vicinity of emotional stimuli. This was demonstrated using an attentional ...
... These studies demonstrate that when attentional resources are limited, emotional stimuli have preferential access to awareness. Emotion’s facilitation of awareness also extends to the perception of nonemotional stimuli in the vicinity of emotional stimuli. This was demonstrated using an attentional ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
... • Synapse/synaptic gap: fluid-filled space between “the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell” and (2) “the dendrites or surface of the next cell” • Receptor sites: holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells – shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters ...
... • Synapse/synaptic gap: fluid-filled space between “the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell” and (2) “the dendrites or surface of the next cell” • Receptor sites: holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells – shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters ...
Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
... in order to be retrieved later. This process of storage is memory: the mechanism that allows us to retain and retrieve information over time. Memory is an essential, underlying, cognitive process that supports learning and makes it possible for us to acquire new knowledge and remember new informatio ...
... in order to be retrieved later. This process of storage is memory: the mechanism that allows us to retain and retrieve information over time. Memory is an essential, underlying, cognitive process that supports learning and makes it possible for us to acquire new knowledge and remember new informatio ...
Network Self-Organization Explains the Statistics and
... these properties of neural circuits arise and how they contribute to learning and memory. In this study we show that fundamental characteristics of excitatory synaptic connections in cortex and hippocampus can be explained as a consequence of self-organization in a recurrent network combining spike- ...
... these properties of neural circuits arise and how they contribute to learning and memory. In this study we show that fundamental characteristics of excitatory synaptic connections in cortex and hippocampus can be explained as a consequence of self-organization in a recurrent network combining spike- ...
Forward Prediction in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Dynamic
... the concept of forward models, important advances have been made in understanding how efference copies of motor commands are routed back to sensory structures for internally monitoring movement (Sommer and Wurtz, 2008). Those signals, widely referred as corollary discharges, have been observed acros ...
... the concept of forward models, important advances have been made in understanding how efference copies of motor commands are routed back to sensory structures for internally monitoring movement (Sommer and Wurtz, 2008). Those signals, widely referred as corollary discharges, have been observed acros ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... through cortical structures, with regular axonal varicosities characterized by synaptic vesicles [ 851. While some of these axonal varicosities are associated with postsynaptic densities, serial reconstruction of the varicosities of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic and serotonergic neurons r ...
... through cortical structures, with regular axonal varicosities characterized by synaptic vesicles [ 851. While some of these axonal varicosities are associated with postsynaptic densities, serial reconstruction of the varicosities of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic and serotonergic neurons r ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... This computational model is universal (for deterministic offline digital computation) in the sense that every deterministic digital function that is computable at all (according to a well-established mathematical definition, see [41]) can be computed by some Turing machine. Before a Turing machine give ...
... This computational model is universal (for deterministic offline digital computation) in the sense that every deterministic digital function that is computable at all (according to a well-established mathematical definition, see [41]) can be computed by some Turing machine. Before a Turing machine give ...
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the
... in lateral eyed species. There is no evidence for this. The corpus callosum, which Ramón y Cajal thought to fulfil this function, only evolved in mammals. In other vertebrates the cortical hemispheres are connected only by the relatively small anterior commissure. At the level of the sensorimotor r ...
... in lateral eyed species. There is no evidence for this. The corpus callosum, which Ramón y Cajal thought to fulfil this function, only evolved in mammals. In other vertebrates the cortical hemispheres are connected only by the relatively small anterior commissure. At the level of the sensorimotor r ...
PDF
... been set to 0.1 and the mean input firing rate to 85 Hz. The alternation between up states and down states has also been found in several experimental studies using intracellular recordings (right panel). (B) Histogram of the distribution of the membrane potential recorded under the conditions as sh ...
... been set to 0.1 and the mean input firing rate to 85 Hz. The alternation between up states and down states has also been found in several experimental studies using intracellular recordings (right panel). (B) Histogram of the distribution of the membrane potential recorded under the conditions as sh ...