guiding microwaves along a Lecher line
... Choose the direction of transmission of the horn antenna so that reflecting surfaces are at a distance of at least 4 m. If possible, use microwave absorbers to build up a reflectionfree measuring chamber. If several experiments with microwaves are run at the same time, neighbouring Gunn oscillators ...
... Choose the direction of transmission of the horn antenna so that reflecting surfaces are at a distance of at least 4 m. If possible, use microwave absorbers to build up a reflectionfree measuring chamber. If several experiments with microwaves are run at the same time, neighbouring Gunn oscillators ...
labs345full
... wavelength, the more directive is its pattern, and the greater its gain and signal pickup. All common antennas and radiating apertures (such as slits) are reciprocal -- i.e., they have the same gain, pattern, polarization, and radiating characteristics (except voltage breakdown) whether they are tra ...
... wavelength, the more directive is its pattern, and the greater its gain and signal pickup. All common antennas and radiating apertures (such as slits) are reciprocal -- i.e., they have the same gain, pattern, polarization, and radiating characteristics (except voltage breakdown) whether they are tra ...
applications of cathode ray tubes i
... no inertia, and that therefore very high frequencies and phenomena of very short duration can be made visible. The rising technique of radio communication immediately seized upon the cathode ray tube as a welcome i~stru~ent:' of investigation. Due to the presence of'two sets of deflection plates the ...
... no inertia, and that therefore very high frequencies and phenomena of very short duration can be made visible. The rising technique of radio communication immediately seized upon the cathode ray tube as a welcome i~stru~ent:' of investigation. Due to the presence of'two sets of deflection plates the ...
Voltage Divider Design Considerations - Saint
... In Figure 1, bypass capacitors are used between D9 and D10 to ground. (For high rate applications, other dynodes may be bypassed also, i.g., D7 and D8 in Figure 1.) In our application, a pulse of light generated in the NaI(Tl) crystal strikes the photocathode and causes a pulse of photoelectrons to ...
... In Figure 1, bypass capacitors are used between D9 and D10 to ground. (For high rate applications, other dynodes may be bypassed also, i.g., D7 and D8 in Figure 1.) In our application, a pulse of light generated in the NaI(Tl) crystal strikes the photocathode and causes a pulse of photoelectrons to ...
Molecular Electronics - The Scripps Research Institute
... W hile a big V OC incr eases power output, a lar ge band gap of the donor mater ial would lead to poor er over lap between the device's absor ption and solar spectr um: a 1.1 eV band gap can absor b 77% of solar ir r adiation. Most polymer s >2 eV ===> only 30% of solar photons. Severe limitation of ...
... W hile a big V OC incr eases power output, a lar ge band gap of the donor mater ial would lead to poor er over lap between the device's absor ption and solar spectr um: a 1.1 eV band gap can absor b 77% of solar ir r adiation. Most polymer s >2 eV ===> only 30% of solar photons. Severe limitation of ...
Chapter 1- Fundamentals of Electricity
... located at various distances from the nucleus. When appropriate external force is applied to electrons in the outermost shell, they are knocked loose and become free electrons. The movement of free electrons is called current. The external force needed to create this current is called voltage. ...
... located at various distances from the nucleus. When appropriate external force is applied to electrons in the outermost shell, they are knocked loose and become free electrons. The movement of free electrons is called current. The external force needed to create this current is called voltage. ...
Abstract - Heidelberger Life
... multiplication process. Upon arriving at mesh 3 some electrons get absorbed. However, most of them travel to the amplification gap and continue multiplying. Mesh 4, the anode, receives the charge signal. Mesh 1 is used for pretests to determine the efficiency of the electrons’ redirection into the p ...
... multiplication process. Upon arriving at mesh 3 some electrons get absorbed. However, most of them travel to the amplification gap and continue multiplying. Mesh 4, the anode, receives the charge signal. Mesh 1 is used for pretests to determine the efficiency of the electrons’ redirection into the p ...
ELECTROCHEMISTRY Chapter 21
... These experiments show we can a) decide on relative ability of elements to act as reducing agents (or oxidizing agents) b) assign a voltage to a halfreaction that reflects this ability. wire ...
... These experiments show we can a) decide on relative ability of elements to act as reducing agents (or oxidizing agents) b) assign a voltage to a halfreaction that reflects this ability. wire ...
Module 3: Vacuum Fluorescent Displays
... 3.11. VFDs for Heads-up Displays (HUD) There have been more development efforts to create heads-up displays in the automobile industry. This application utilizes a virtual image that is displayed in front of your windshield. The idea is to put information in the driver's field of view, such as a spe ...
... 3.11. VFDs for Heads-up Displays (HUD) There have been more development efforts to create heads-up displays in the automobile industry. This application utilizes a virtual image that is displayed in front of your windshield. The idea is to put information in the driver's field of view, such as a spe ...
Ion Sources for Use in Research and Applied High Voltage
... Fig. 1 Duoplasmatron Ion Source power up to 1.2 kW. N 1 , He , Ar is provided at gas flow rate not more than 10 1 - cathode, 2 - anode, 3 - The directly heated cm3/hour at atmospheric pressure. intermediate electrode, 4- magnet impregnated cathode coil, 5 - extracting electrode. is used in the sourc ...
... Fig. 1 Duoplasmatron Ion Source power up to 1.2 kW. N 1 , He , Ar is provided at gas flow rate not more than 10 1 - cathode, 2 - anode, 3 - The directly heated cm3/hour at atmospheric pressure. intermediate electrode, 4- magnet impregnated cathode coil, 5 - extracting electrode. is used in the sourc ...
Cavity magnetron
The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open metal cavities (cavity resonators). Bunches of electrons passing by the openings to the cavities excite radio wave oscillations in the cavity, much as a guitar's strings excite sound in its sound box. The frequency of the microwaves produced, the resonant frequency, is determined by the cavities' physical dimensions. Unlike other microwave tubes, such as the klystron and traveling-wave tube (TWT), the magnetron cannot function as an amplifier, increasing the power of an applied microwave signal, it serves solely as an oscillator, generating a microwave signal from direct current power supplied to the tube.The first form of magnetron tube, the split-anode magnetron, was invented by Albert Hull in 1920, but it wasn't capable of high frequencies and was little used. Similar devices were experimented with by many teams through the 1920s and 30s. On November 27, 1935, Hans Erich Hollmann applied for a patent for the first multiple cavities magnetron, which he received on July 12, 1938, but the more stable klystron was preferred for most German radars during World War II. The cavity magnetron tube was later improved by John Randall and Harry Boot in 1940 at the University of Birmingham, England. The high power of pulses from their device made centimeter-band radar practical for the Allies of World War II, with shorter wavelength radars allowing detection of smaller objects from smaller antennas. The compact cavity magnetron tube drastically reduced the size of radar sets so that they could be installed in anti-submarine aircraft and escort ships.In the post-war era the magnetron became less widely used in the radar role. This was because the magnetron's output changes from pulse to pulse, both in frequency and phase. This makes the signal unsuitable for pulse-to-pulse comparisons, which is widely used for detecting and removing ""clutter"" from the radar display. The magnetron remains in use in some radars, but has become much more common as a low-cost microwave source for microwave ovens. In this form, approximately one billion magnetrons are in use today.