Microwave and Millimeter Wave Signal Generation Using Mode
... create a narrow time window of net gain in the device and a favored time for light to pass through the laser. After many round trips in the laser cavity, an optical pulse which is very much narrower than the electrical pumping waveform is formed. In order to get very short optical pulses from an act ...
... create a narrow time window of net gain in the device and a favored time for light to pass through the laser. After many round trips in the laser cavity, an optical pulse which is very much narrower than the electrical pumping waveform is formed. In order to get very short optical pulses from an act ...
Electroplating - Wayne State University
... in the external circuit. The metallic ions of the salt in the electrolyte carry a positive charge and are thus attracted to the cathode. When they reach the negatively charged workpiece, it provides electrons to reduce those positively charged ions to metallic form, and then the metal atoms will be ...
... in the external circuit. The metallic ions of the salt in the electrolyte carry a positive charge and are thus attracted to the cathode. When they reach the negatively charged workpiece, it provides electrons to reduce those positively charged ions to metallic form, and then the metal atoms will be ...
measurement of phase angles with the help of the cathode ray tube
... several other methods used until now, in which a ' cathode ray tube was also used. Various methods of measurement A very simple determination of phase shifts is made possible by the use of an electron swi t c h 3). By this means the variation with time of two voltages (or currents) can be made visib ...
... several other methods used until now, in which a ' cathode ray tube was also used. Various methods of measurement A very simple determination of phase shifts is made possible by the use of an electron swi t c h 3). By this means the variation with time of two voltages (or currents) can be made visib ...
Electrical Properties
... electrons or ions) dense solids (no molecules that can reorient). Therefore, the polarizability must come from either ionic and electronic polarizability. Of these two ionic polarizability can make the largest contribution, particularly in a class of solids called ferroelectrics. The ionic polarizab ...
... electrons or ions) dense solids (no molecules that can reorient). Therefore, the polarizability must come from either ionic and electronic polarizability. Of these two ionic polarizability can make the largest contribution, particularly in a class of solids called ferroelectrics. The ionic polarizab ...
Preparing Sediment Batteries
... a. This will be the “anode” of the sediment battery. 3. Make sure to keep the free end of the wire dry and out of the mud. 4. Add a few more centimeters of mud (~ 5-7 cm) over the anode. a. The anode should be completely covered with at least a couple centimeters of mud. 5. Carefully pour water to a ...
... a. This will be the “anode” of the sediment battery. 3. Make sure to keep the free end of the wire dry and out of the mud. 4. Add a few more centimeters of mud (~ 5-7 cm) over the anode. a. The anode should be completely covered with at least a couple centimeters of mud. 5. Carefully pour water to a ...
Cavity magnetron
The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open metal cavities (cavity resonators). Bunches of electrons passing by the openings to the cavities excite radio wave oscillations in the cavity, much as a guitar's strings excite sound in its sound box. The frequency of the microwaves produced, the resonant frequency, is determined by the cavities' physical dimensions. Unlike other microwave tubes, such as the klystron and traveling-wave tube (TWT), the magnetron cannot function as an amplifier, increasing the power of an applied microwave signal, it serves solely as an oscillator, generating a microwave signal from direct current power supplied to the tube.The first form of magnetron tube, the split-anode magnetron, was invented by Albert Hull in 1920, but it wasn't capable of high frequencies and was little used. Similar devices were experimented with by many teams through the 1920s and 30s. On November 27, 1935, Hans Erich Hollmann applied for a patent for the first multiple cavities magnetron, which he received on July 12, 1938, but the more stable klystron was preferred for most German radars during World War II. The cavity magnetron tube was later improved by John Randall and Harry Boot in 1940 at the University of Birmingham, England. The high power of pulses from their device made centimeter-band radar practical for the Allies of World War II, with shorter wavelength radars allowing detection of smaller objects from smaller antennas. The compact cavity magnetron tube drastically reduced the size of radar sets so that they could be installed in anti-submarine aircraft and escort ships.In the post-war era the magnetron became less widely used in the radar role. This was because the magnetron's output changes from pulse to pulse, both in frequency and phase. This makes the signal unsuitable for pulse-to-pulse comparisons, which is widely used for detecting and removing ""clutter"" from the radar display. The magnetron remains in use in some radars, but has become much more common as a low-cost microwave source for microwave ovens. In this form, approximately one billion magnetrons are in use today.