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Data persistence in programming languages : a survey
Data persistence in programming languages : a survey

... [Coc83], has been adopted by a number of systems, including Galileo and OPAL [ B M O 8 9 ] . Some languages view persistence as a property of a d a t a type and move to restrict persistence to a number of built-in and user-defined d a t a types. This approach is exemplified by Amber, E [ R C 8 9 b ] ...
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... copy of a database object early Monday morning at 2:00 A.M. and then took an incremental image copy at the same time the following three mornings. The full image copy plus all three incremental image copies need to be applied to recover the tablespace. If the same column of the same row was updated ...
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... Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of UTC Fire & Security Americas Corporation, Inc. Non-English ver ...
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Open Database Connectivity

In computing, ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) is a standard programming language middleware API for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems. An application written using ODBC can be ported to other platforms, both on the client and server side, with few changes to the data access code.ODBC accomplishes DBMS independence by using an ODBC driver as a translation layer between the application and the DBMS. The application uses ODBC functions through an ODBC driver manager with which it is linked, and the driver passes the query to the DBMS. An ODBC driver can be thought of as analogous to a printer driver or other driver, providing a standard set of functions for the application to use, and implementing DBMS-specific functionality. An application that can use ODBC is referred to as ""ODBC-compliant"". Any ODBC-compliant application can access any DBMS for which a driver is installed. Drivers exist for all major DBMSs, many other data sources like address book systems and Microsoft Excel, and even for text or CSV files.ODBC was originally developed by Microsoft during the early 1990s, and became the basis for the Call Level Interface (CLI) standardized by SQL Access Group in the Unix and mainframe world. ODBC retained a number of features that were removed as part of the CLI effort. Full ODBC was later ported back to those platforms, and became a de facto standard considerably better known than CLI. The CLI remains similar to ODBC, and applications can be ported from one platform to the other with few changes.
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