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SQL - Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
SQL - Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

... History  IBM Sequel language developed as part of System R project at the ...
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... join algorithm on the local partitions ri and s of r and s to produce a partition of the final result of the hash-join.  Note: Hash-join optimizations can be applied to the parallel case ...
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...  PDT is a superkey, and FD is a superkey.  Is PDT a candidate key?  PD is not a superkey, nor is DT, nor is PT.  So, PDT is a candidate key.  FD is also a candidate key, since neither F or D ...
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... Find the sid of sailors who’ve reserved a red boat and a green boat SELECT S.sid FROM Sailors AS S, Boats AS B1, Reserves AS R1, Boats AS B2, Reserves AS R2 WHERE S.sid=R1.sid AND R1.bid=B1.bid AND S.sid=R2.sid AND R2.bid=B2.bid AND (B1.color=‘red’ AND B2.color=‘green’) OR SELECT S.sid FROM Sailors ...
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Open Database Connectivity

In computing, ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) is a standard programming language middleware API for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems. An application written using ODBC can be ported to other platforms, both on the client and server side, with few changes to the data access code.ODBC accomplishes DBMS independence by using an ODBC driver as a translation layer between the application and the DBMS. The application uses ODBC functions through an ODBC driver manager with which it is linked, and the driver passes the query to the DBMS. An ODBC driver can be thought of as analogous to a printer driver or other driver, providing a standard set of functions for the application to use, and implementing DBMS-specific functionality. An application that can use ODBC is referred to as ""ODBC-compliant"". Any ODBC-compliant application can access any DBMS for which a driver is installed. Drivers exist for all major DBMSs, many other data sources like address book systems and Microsoft Excel, and even for text or CSV files.ODBC was originally developed by Microsoft during the early 1990s, and became the basis for the Call Level Interface (CLI) standardized by SQL Access Group in the Unix and mainframe world. ODBC retained a number of features that were removed as part of the CLI effort. Full ODBC was later ported back to those platforms, and became a de facto standard considerably better known than CLI. The CLI remains similar to ODBC, and applications can be ported from one platform to the other with few changes.
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