Experimental Creation and Measurement of Motional Quantum
... II. Interaction of a trapped atom with light elds To describe the interaction of the trapped atom with light elds we make the following assumptions, which will be justi ed below. First we assume that the internal degrees of freedom of the trapped atom are suf ciently described by a two-level syste ...
... II. Interaction of a trapped atom with light elds To describe the interaction of the trapped atom with light elds we make the following assumptions, which will be justi ed below. First we assume that the internal degrees of freedom of the trapped atom are suf ciently described by a two-level syste ...
QUANTUM STATES, ENTANGLEMENT and CLOSED TIMELIKE
... can purify ρCTC . But then the pure entangled state depends on ρCR and U, i.e., |Φi = |Φ(ψ, U)i. • In ordinary quantum theory if we have two systems (say) with density matrices ρ and ρS and they interact via ρ ⊗ ρs → U(ρ ⊗ ρs )U † , then we can always purify ρS such that ρS = TrA (|ΨiSA hΨ|), where ...
... can purify ρCTC . But then the pure entangled state depends on ρCR and U, i.e., |Φi = |Φ(ψ, U)i. • In ordinary quantum theory if we have two systems (say) with density matrices ρ and ρS and they interact via ρ ⊗ ρs → U(ρ ⊗ ρs )U † , then we can always purify ρS such that ρS = TrA (|ΨiSA hΨ|), where ...
Program and Booklet - Fakultät für Mathematik
... our previous proposal from loss- to fault-tolerance, we introduce a general and compact formalism that can also be applied to other related schemes (including non-all-optical ones such as [PRL 112, 250501]). With the help of this new representation we show that our communication protocol does not on ...
... our previous proposal from loss- to fault-tolerance, we introduce a general and compact formalism that can also be applied to other related schemes (including non-all-optical ones such as [PRL 112, 250501]). With the help of this new representation we show that our communication protocol does not on ...
Probing Quantum Frustrated Systems via Factorization of the
... A phenomenological measure of frustration in antiferromagnetic models is provided by TCW =TN , i.e., the ratio of the Curie-Weiss temperature to the Néel temperature of bulk three-dimensional ordering [13]. This definition cannot be applied to systems with vanishing TN (like, e.g., 1D and 2D models ...
... A phenomenological measure of frustration in antiferromagnetic models is provided by TCW =TN , i.e., the ratio of the Curie-Weiss temperature to the Néel temperature of bulk three-dimensional ordering [13]. This definition cannot be applied to systems with vanishing TN (like, e.g., 1D and 2D models ...
Topological Field Theories in 2 dimensions
... by quantum multiplication — see the case of QH ∗ (Pn ) above — but the grading is restored in the entire family of multiplications by grading the functions on the parameter space H ev (X; C): thus, one declares deg q δ = hc1 (X)|δi, using the first Chern class of X, and grades the rest of cohomologi ...
... by quantum multiplication — see the case of QH ∗ (Pn ) above — but the grading is restored in the entire family of multiplications by grading the functions on the parameter space H ev (X; C): thus, one declares deg q δ = hc1 (X)|δi, using the first Chern class of X, and grades the rest of cohomologi ...
1996 Orchestrated Objective Reduction of Quantum Coherence in
... of microtubules suitable for quantum effects include their crystal-like lattice structure, hollow inner core, organization of cell function and capacity for information processing. We envisage that conformational states of microtubule subunits (tubulins) are coupled to internal quantum events, and c ...
... of microtubules suitable for quantum effects include their crystal-like lattice structure, hollow inner core, organization of cell function and capacity for information processing. We envisage that conformational states of microtubule subunits (tubulins) are coupled to internal quantum events, and c ...
Reliable quantum computers
... we can recover the encoded data unambiguously if only one bit flips; but if two or more different bits flip, the encoded data will be damaged. It is noteworthy that the quantity Hei reveals the location of the error without telling us anything about Vcode; that is, without revealing the encoded info ...
... we can recover the encoded data unambiguously if only one bit flips; but if two or more different bits flip, the encoded data will be damaged. It is noteworthy that the quantity Hei reveals the location of the error without telling us anything about Vcode; that is, without revealing the encoded info ...
Quantum Seeing in the Dark
... probability of photon hits, and the dark fringes to a low probability of hits. According to the rules of quantum mechanics, interference occurs whenever there is more than one possible way for a given outcome to happen, and the ways are not distinguishable by any means (this is a more general defini ...
... probability of photon hits, and the dark fringes to a low probability of hits. According to the rules of quantum mechanics, interference occurs whenever there is more than one possible way for a given outcome to happen, and the ways are not distinguishable by any means (this is a more general defini ...
chapter41
... Boundary conditions are applied to determine the allowed states of the system In the model of a particle under boundary conditions, an interaction of a particle with its environment represents one or more boundary conditions and, if the interaction restricts the particle to a finite region of space, ...
... Boundary conditions are applied to determine the allowed states of the system In the model of a particle under boundary conditions, an interaction of a particle with its environment represents one or more boundary conditions and, if the interaction restricts the particle to a finite region of space, ...
Quantum Entanglement: Where Dark Energy and Negative Gravity
... Einstein’s E mc 2 gives the correct total energy formula for an infinitely large Cantor set-like clopen i.e. closed and open universe [24-29] but it does not distinguish between ordinary energy and negative dark energy of a basically fractal cosmos. Noting that measurement leads to quantum wave co ...
... Einstein’s E mc 2 gives the correct total energy formula for an infinitely large Cantor set-like clopen i.e. closed and open universe [24-29] but it does not distinguish between ordinary energy and negative dark energy of a basically fractal cosmos. Noting that measurement leads to quantum wave co ...
1 Complex Numbers in Quantum Mechanics
... quantum mechanics in an essential way. We could use photon polarization for a discussion of interference as well. However, there are more familiar examples. Interference is really a hallmark of wave phenomena. Waves arriving at a given point via different paths may add up or cancel each other out. Yo ...
... quantum mechanics in an essential way. We could use photon polarization for a discussion of interference as well. However, there are more familiar examples. Interference is really a hallmark of wave phenomena. Waves arriving at a given point via different paths may add up or cancel each other out. Yo ...
Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 073002
... ! a is relatively close to a real molecular level, as in the case of our experiment, the effective two-photon Rabi frequency of the process is given by "eff # "a "b =$2#%, where "a;b are the respective one-photon Rabi frequencies and # is the detuning from the intermediate level. The one-photon Rabi ...
... ! a is relatively close to a real molecular level, as in the case of our experiment, the effective two-photon Rabi frequency of the process is given by "eff # "a "b =$2#%, where "a;b are the respective one-photon Rabi frequencies and # is the detuning from the intermediate level. The one-photon Rabi ...
Feynman Diagrams for Beginners
... Exercise 11 Check that the current j µ = ψ̄γ µ ψ transforms as a vector under parity i.e. that j 0 → j 0 and j → −j. Any fermion current will be of the form ψ̄Γψ, where Γ is some four-by-four matrix. For construction of interaction Lagrangian we want to use only those currents that have definite Lor ...
... Exercise 11 Check that the current j µ = ψ̄γ µ ψ transforms as a vector under parity i.e. that j 0 → j 0 and j → −j. Any fermion current will be of the form ψ̄Γψ, where Γ is some four-by-four matrix. For construction of interaction Lagrangian we want to use only those currents that have definite Lor ...
Quantum teleportation
Quantum teleportation is a process by which quantum information (e.g. the exact state of an atom or photon) can be transmitted (exactly, in principle) from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and previously shared quantum entanglement between the sending and receiving location. Because it depends on classical communication, which can proceed no faster than the speed of light, it cannot be used for faster-than-light transport or communication of classical bits. It also cannot be used to make copies of a system, as this violates the no-cloning theorem. While it has proven possible to teleport one or more qubits of information between two (entangled) atoms, this has not yet been achieved between molecules or anything larger.Although the name is inspired by the teleportation commonly used in fiction, there is no relationship outside the name, because quantum teleportation concerns only the transfer of information. Quantum teleportation is not a form of transportation, but of communication; it provides a way of transporting a qubit from one location to another, without having to move a physical particle along with it.The seminal paper first expounding the idea was published by C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres and W. K. Wootters in 1993. Since then, quantum teleportation was first realized with single photons and later demonstrated with various material systems such as atoms, ions, electrons and superconducting circuits. The record distance for quantum teleportation is 143 km (89 mi).