Haldane charge conjecture in one-dimensional
... on the parity of N . The analog of the Haldane phase is stabilized for even N with all its well-known properties, while a gapless behavior occurs when N is odd. The Haldane physics with the alternating gapped or gapless behavior thus translates here directly into an insulating or metallic behavior d ...
... on the parity of N . The analog of the Haldane phase is stabilized for even N with all its well-known properties, while a gapless behavior occurs when N is odd. The Haldane physics with the alternating gapped or gapless behavior thus translates here directly into an insulating or metallic behavior d ...
Chapter 3 Basic quantum statistical mechanics of spin
... Unless there’s geometric frustration, in classical systems there seems to be not much difference between ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. For example, with nearest neighbor interactions, geometric frustration occurs for lattices that are not bipartite. In a bipartite lattice, the sites can be divi ...
... Unless there’s geometric frustration, in classical systems there seems to be not much difference between ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. For example, with nearest neighbor interactions, geometric frustration occurs for lattices that are not bipartite. In a bipartite lattice, the sites can be divi ...
Quantum Theory Cannot Hurt You
... their entire nuclear stockpile at our ship, orbiting high above their blue planet, our patience simply ran out. The weapon was simple but effective. It squeezed out all the empty space from matter. As the commander of our Sirian expedition examined the shimmering metallic cube, barely 1 centimetre a ...
... their entire nuclear stockpile at our ship, orbiting high above their blue planet, our patience simply ran out. The weapon was simple but effective. It squeezed out all the empty space from matter. As the commander of our Sirian expedition examined the shimmering metallic cube, barely 1 centimetre a ...
EL FORCE and EL FIELD HW-PRACTICE 2016
... 19. The electric field around an isolated electron has a certain strength 1 cm from the electron. The electric field strength 2 cm from the electron is a. half as much. b. the same. c. twice as much. d. four times as much. e. none of the above 20. A beam of electrons accelerates from the back of you ...
... 19. The electric field around an isolated electron has a certain strength 1 cm from the electron. The electric field strength 2 cm from the electron is a. half as much. b. the same. c. twice as much. d. four times as much. e. none of the above 20. A beam of electrons accelerates from the back of you ...
Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Graphene
... generated without dissipation. In this Letter we show that at sufficiently low energy a single plane of graphene exhibits a quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect with an energy gap that is generated by the SO interaction. Our motivation is twofold. First, Novoselov et al. [6] have recently reported progres ...
... generated without dissipation. In this Letter we show that at sufficiently low energy a single plane of graphene exhibits a quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect with an energy gap that is generated by the SO interaction. Our motivation is twofold. First, Novoselov et al. [6] have recently reported progres ...
A Universe from Nothing
... equivalent to there not being any physical stuff at all isn’t this or that particular arrangement of the fields — what it is (obviously, and ineluctably, and on the contrary) is the simple absence of the fields! The fact that some arrangements of fields happen to correspond to the existence of parti ...
... equivalent to there not being any physical stuff at all isn’t this or that particular arrangement of the fields — what it is (obviously, and ineluctably, and on the contrary) is the simple absence of the fields! The fact that some arrangements of fields happen to correspond to the existence of parti ...
Show by a theoretical and experimental argument that potassium
... applied the external field only with E=V/H2=1.4V/cm. J. D. Jackson once stated that “For gases at NTP the number of molecules per cubic meter is N=2.7×1025m-3, so that their susceptibility should be of the order of χe≤10-3. Experimentally, typical values of the susceptibility are 0.00054 for air, 0. ...
... applied the external field only with E=V/H2=1.4V/cm. J. D. Jackson once stated that “For gases at NTP the number of molecules per cubic meter is N=2.7×1025m-3, so that their susceptibility should be of the order of χe≤10-3. Experimentally, typical values of the susceptibility are 0.00054 for air, 0. ...
NRE4610-notes - RTF Technologies
... Coulomb scattering We now divide the plasma into 2 parts; inside and outside the Debye sphere. Inside the Debye sphere two charged particles can interact and scatter of each other. As one particle approaches another, it experiences a force due to coulomb repulsion. This will cause the particles to ...
... Coulomb scattering We now divide the plasma into 2 parts; inside and outside the Debye sphere. Inside the Debye sphere two charged particles can interact and scatter of each other. As one particle approaches another, it experiences a force due to coulomb repulsion. This will cause the particles to ...
Cosmology Notes - University of Florida Astronomy
... and isotropic example. The upper right shows a non-homogeneous and non-isotropic universe. The lower panels illustrate universes that are homogeneous (on large scales), but not isotropic. In one case the galaxies are clustered in a preferred direction; in the other the expansion of the universe occu ...
... and isotropic example. The upper right shows a non-homogeneous and non-isotropic universe. The lower panels illustrate universes that are homogeneous (on large scales), but not isotropic. In one case the galaxies are clustered in a preferred direction; in the other the expansion of the universe occu ...
Electric Potential
... Electric Potential Electric potential (voltage) (continued) • High voltage can occur at low electric potential energy for a small amount of charge. • High voltage at high electric potential energy occurs for lots of charge. ...
... Electric Potential Electric potential (voltage) (continued) • High voltage can occur at low electric potential energy for a small amount of charge. • High voltage at high electric potential energy occurs for lots of charge. ...
Electromagnetic cascade in high energy electron, positron, and
... the maximum achievable laser intensity at many existing, constructed, and projected experimental facilities. Some of these processes, previously believed to be of theoretical interest only, are now becoming experimentally accessible. High intensity electromagnetic (EM) fields significantly modify th ...
... the maximum achievable laser intensity at many existing, constructed, and projected experimental facilities. Some of these processes, previously believed to be of theoretical interest only, are now becoming experimentally accessible. High intensity electromagnetic (EM) fields significantly modify th ...
The search for magnetic monopoles
... is not really there: It is a mathematical artifact, a consequence unobservable if the Dirac quantization condition is satisfied. of the variables chosen for the theoretical description. Only the Although theoretical formulations dating back to the 1960s two poles at the ends of the string are real, a ...
... is not really there: It is a mathematical artifact, a consequence unobservable if the Dirac quantization condition is satisfied. of the variables chosen for the theoretical description. Only the Although theoretical formulations dating back to the 1960s two poles at the ends of the string are real, a ...
Glossary - The Open University
... the theoretical expectation value as the number of measurements becomes very large. Also called the mean value. barn (196) A unit of area widely used in the measurement of total cross-sections in particle and nuclear physics. 1 barn = 10−28 m2 . barrier penetration (88, 133) The quantum phenomenon i ...
... the theoretical expectation value as the number of measurements becomes very large. Also called the mean value. barn (196) A unit of area widely used in the measurement of total cross-sections in particle and nuclear physics. 1 barn = 10−28 m2 . barrier penetration (88, 133) The quantum phenomenon i ...
Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
... A positron and a proton are accelerated by the same accelerating potential. Then the ratio of the associated wavelength of positron and proton will be (M-mass of proton, m=mass of positron) ...
... A positron and a proton are accelerated by the same accelerating potential. Then the ratio of the associated wavelength of positron and proton will be (M-mass of proton, m=mass of positron) ...
Slater decomposition of fractional quantum Hall states
... an homogeneous polynomial), it has poles every time two particles meet and respects Pauli principle (q is an integer, odd for fermions and even for bosons): ...
... an homogeneous polynomial), it has poles every time two particles meet and respects Pauli principle (q is an integer, odd for fermions and even for bosons): ...
Electric Field - Cloudfront.net
... When scientists try to study an unknown arrangement of charges, the only tool available is to place a test charge near the distribution and measure the force on the test charge. The downside to this technique is that the test charge might cause a change to the distribution of charge. A test charge i ...
... When scientists try to study an unknown arrangement of charges, the only tool available is to place a test charge near the distribution and measure the force on the test charge. The downside to this technique is that the test charge might cause a change to the distribution of charge. A test charge i ...
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.