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Potential Energy - McMaster Physics and Astronomy
Potential Energy - McMaster Physics and Astronomy

... For these waves, the wave speed is determined entirely by the medium, and is the same for all sizes & shapes of waves. eg. stretched string: ...
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Statistical mechanics - University of Guelph Physics
Statistical mechanics - University of Guelph Physics

... An irreversible transformation from state A to state B is one which can be performed only in this direction; the reversed transformation would introduce additional changes in the system or its surroundings. As an example of an irreversible transformation, consider the free expansion of a gas caused ...
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... existence of some spatially correlated (or ciumped) region of charged particles with a finite lifetime to, so-called clumps lifetime. This is described by the relative diffusion of the two test-particles. Dupree l ) derived a linear equation for the relative spatial diffusion y{t )=
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... order of magnitude of its mass4, the effects from the vacuum particle’s charges are dominant in the process of the rearrangement. With this fact, it can be explained why gravitational interaction is attractive. In the gravitational interaction between two massive objects, vacuum particle’s charge d ...
Beyond the limits of cosmological perturbation theory: resummations
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... Voltage is defined by the potential energy stored or released as charge moves in an electric field. If I separate charge as in a battery then there is a voltage across the terminals but charge only flows if a conductor connects the two terminals. As far as your body is concerned it can have excess c ...
Liquid Crystal Order in Colloidal Suspensions of Spheroidal
Liquid Crystal Order in Colloidal Suspensions of Spheroidal

b) a - Purdue Physics
b) a - Purdue Physics

... Voltage is defined by the potential energy stored or released as charge moves in an electric field. If I separate charge as in a battery then there is a voltage across the terminals but charge only flows if a conductor connects the two terminals. As far as your body is concerned it can have excess c ...
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... Ex. A force 0f .25 N is exerted to the left on a test charge of magnitude q0 = 2 μC. a) Sketch the situation. b) What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the location of the test charge? ...
Chapter 16: Electric Forces and Fields1 Section 1: Electric Charge
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... Still applies when there are more than two charges present Resultant force on any single charge is the vector sum of the individual forces exerted on that charge by all of the other individual charges present. o Called principle of superposition o Find the magnitudes of the individual electric force ...
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... Electrons are completely ‘randomized’ in each collision. The actual drift velocity v along the electric field is quite different from the average velocity u of the electrons i.e. about 100 times smaller. The velocities v and u are determined by the atomic crossection ( ) and the fractional energy ...
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A conformal field theory approach to the fractional quantum Hall

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Chapter 20: Particle Kinetics of Plasma [version 1220.1.K]

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Comments on the 2nd order bootstrap relation

... to the absorptive part other than from the gluonic Regge pole. However this condition is trivially staisfied in the NLO. Indeed matrix elements hΦp.t |Ψn i, n 6= 0 with eigenfunctions different from Ψ0 are all zero in the lowest order. So they have at least order αs . The representation (13) contain ...
Physics as a Journey Through Scales
Physics as a Journey Through Scales

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COMPARISON OF THE LATTICE-DYNAMICS AND CELL

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The Fundamental Process of Energy – Part I

... It is quite possible that this is the case. If so, then any other energy particles would necessarily be an assembly of photons. (Mass particles will be discussed later.) However, if there are other kinds of fundamental (energy) particles, then it is hypothesized that they are, more or less, similar ...
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Elementary particle



In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.
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