Collisionless driven reconnection in an open system Ritoku Horiuchi , Wenbing Pei
... al., 1995), hybrid model (e.g. Shay et al., 1999), full particle model (e.g. Hesse and Winske, 1998). They have discussed the microscopic reconnection process such as reconnection rate, current sheet structure, and particle kinetic effects in the absence of an external driving source. The concept of ...
... al., 1995), hybrid model (e.g. Shay et al., 1999), full particle model (e.g. Hesse and Winske, 1998). They have discussed the microscopic reconnection process such as reconnection rate, current sheet structure, and particle kinetic effects in the absence of an external driving source. The concept of ...
Theory of electron transport and magnetization dynamics in metallic
... Magnetic electric effects in ferromagnetic metals are discussed from the viewpoint of effective spin electromagnetic field that couples to conduction electron spin. The effective field in the adiabatic limit is the spin Berry’s phase in space and time, and it leads to spin motive force (voltage gene ...
... Magnetic electric effects in ferromagnetic metals are discussed from the viewpoint of effective spin electromagnetic field that couples to conduction electron spin. The effective field in the adiabatic limit is the spin Berry’s phase in space and time, and it leads to spin motive force (voltage gene ...
MECN 4600 Inter
... It is defined by the work done in moving a particle from one point to another that is independent of the path followed by the particle. Two examples are weight of the particle and elastic force of the spring. Potential Energy: It is the measure of the amount of work a conservative force will ...
... It is defined by the work done in moving a particle from one point to another that is independent of the path followed by the particle. Two examples are weight of the particle and elastic force of the spring. Potential Energy: It is the measure of the amount of work a conservative force will ...
Quantum Operator Design for Lattice Baryon Spectroscopy
... and projected into the space of lattice spin-parity states. Black denotes a four-star state, blue denotes a three-star state, tan denotes a two-star state, and gray denotes a one-star state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 8.11 The low-lying I=1/2, I3 =+1/2 nucleon spectrum up to ...
... and projected into the space of lattice spin-parity states. Black denotes a four-star state, blue denotes a three-star state, tan denotes a two-star state, and gray denotes a one-star state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 8.11 The low-lying I=1/2, I3 =+1/2 nucleon spectrum up to ...
Teoría Total simplificada, Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, Vol. 16, Nº1
... in modern methods of electromagnetic analysis and new theories such as: metamaterials, electrodynamism chiral electrogravity. For example, chiral electromagnetic analysis ought to include, amongst other things, the concepts of circular-polarized waves, superficial waves, creeping waves, lateral wave ...
... in modern methods of electromagnetic analysis and new theories such as: metamaterials, electrodynamism chiral electrogravity. For example, chiral electromagnetic analysis ought to include, amongst other things, the concepts of circular-polarized waves, superficial waves, creeping waves, lateral wave ...
Remarks on the Donnan condenser in the sedimentation–diffusion
... Van Roij [4] has provided the first clear theoretical explanation of the electric field and its effect on SD profiles, an effect which may be drastic as confirmed by recent simulations [5]. Van Roij [4] concludes that at the level of non-interacting colloids an electric field should indeed already b ...
... Van Roij [4] has provided the first clear theoretical explanation of the electric field and its effect on SD profiles, an effect which may be drastic as confirmed by recent simulations [5]. Van Roij [4] concludes that at the level of non-interacting colloids an electric field should indeed already b ...
LanZ_0112_eps(2).
... with a suitable choice of parameters, the molecules can make exactly a half oscillation within the optical potential where NO molecules were decelerated from 400 to 270 m/ s . Following the success of these decelerators, other deceleration schemes have also been studied theoretically. A microwave St ...
... with a suitable choice of parameters, the molecules can make exactly a half oscillation within the optical potential where NO molecules were decelerated from 400 to 270 m/ s . Following the success of these decelerators, other deceleration schemes have also been studied theoretically. A microwave St ...
Spin-orbit coupling effects in two
... of the electronic component up to the nanometer scale. At these dimensions the matter obeys the quantum mechanics rules. The quantum computation comes as a combination of the classical information theory and the quantum physics. At the beginning of the 80s, the first idea to realize a computational m ...
... of the electronic component up to the nanometer scale. At these dimensions the matter obeys the quantum mechanics rules. The quantum computation comes as a combination of the classical information theory and the quantum physics. At the beginning of the 80s, the first idea to realize a computational m ...
Gibbs paradox of entropy of mixing: Experimental facts, its rejection, and the theoretical consequences
... the similarity of A and B, which conforms very well with the correlation of entropy–similarity [1]. Now if both A and B are droplets of indistinguishable hydrocarbons (both are toluene droplets, for instance), one would predict, from Equations (1) and (2), that A and B will not mix because there is ...
... the similarity of A and B, which conforms very well with the correlation of entropy–similarity [1]. Now if both A and B are droplets of indistinguishable hydrocarbons (both are toluene droplets, for instance), one would predict, from Equations (1) and (2), that A and B will not mix because there is ...
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy
... Theoretical calculation for one single particle found that when the shape of the particle was sharp, the electric field near the sharp tip would be greatly enhanced. What’s more it is estimated that when two or more particles gather together, the electric field between them will be further enhanced. ...
... Theoretical calculation for one single particle found that when the shape of the particle was sharp, the electric field near the sharp tip would be greatly enhanced. What’s more it is estimated that when two or more particles gather together, the electric field between them will be further enhanced. ...
Introduction to Chemistry
... Nature of Science Goal—Scientific understanding changes as new data is collected. 1. I can use atomic models to explain why theories may change over time. 2. I can identify the relative size, charge and position of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom. 3. I can find the number of protons, ne ...
... Nature of Science Goal—Scientific understanding changes as new data is collected. 1. I can use atomic models to explain why theories may change over time. 2. I can identify the relative size, charge and position of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom. 3. I can find the number of protons, ne ...
Global distribution of the effective aerosol hygroscopicity parameter
... Abstract. In this study we use the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model to simulate global fields of the effective hygroscopicity parameter κ which approximately describes the influence of chemical composition on the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aerosol particles. The obtai ...
... Abstract. In this study we use the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model to simulate global fields of the effective hygroscopicity parameter κ which approximately describes the influence of chemical composition on the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aerosol particles. The obtai ...
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.