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... c) Montreal Protocol d) London Protocol ...
Chapter 17 Plate Tectonics - The Summer Science Safari Summer
Chapter 17 Plate Tectonics - The Summer Science Safari Summer

... G. Describe convection currents. What do they have to do with plate movement and where do they occur? . Hot molten material rises while cooler molten material sinks; causing convection currents that help to move plates together, apart or side by side. They are believed to occur in the asthenosphere. ...
Unit 5_Lesson 109_Review
Unit 5_Lesson 109_Review

... The two factors that influence gravity are mass and distance. Mass is how much stuff is in an object (how much it weighs) and distance is how far away an object is. The more massive (heavy) and object is, the more gravitational pull it has. Distance is the opposite. The greater the distance between ...
As we told you in a recent Instruction, much of the Earth`s
As we told you in a recent Instruction, much of the Earth`s

... Divergent boundaries are places where the plates pull away from each other. When this happens, new crust is created as magna (molten rock) pushes up from the Earth's Mantle to fill the space the plates left behind. The best-known divergent boundary is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This is a submerged moun ...
Chapter 7 Answers
Chapter 7 Answers

... 1. Scientists think of the Earth’s layers in terms of composition and physical properties. 2. The 3 layers of the Earth from the exterior to the interior of the Earth are the Crust, the Mantle, and the Core. 3. The crust is the thinnest and outermost layer of the Earth which totals less than 1% of t ...
Plate Tectonics Notes Name
Plate Tectonics Notes Name

... Beneath the uppermost layer of the mantle is an area of ____________________ called the asthenosphere, on which the rigid plates ____________________ with respect to one another ...
Chapter 1 Planet Earth
Chapter 1 Planet Earth

... and scoured by running water, which moves rocks around and changes their appearance.  Erosion is the process in which the materials of the Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported form one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice or gravity.  Erosi ...
Kusky Tim
Kusky Tim

... Phanerozoic times but absent in the Precambrian, but overall, there have been few changes in the style of OPS accretion with time. Komatiites and banded iron formations occur predominantly in Archean orogenic belts, reflecting higher mantle temperatures and less oxic seawater composition, respective ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

...  Fossils of these organisms are found on many different continents separated by great oceans!!  How could that be possible? ...
Study Guide Exam #2
Study Guide Exam #2

... How did oxygen levels change during the Proterozoic? How did the diversity of life change during the Proterozoic (ex. prokaryote vs eukaryotes)? What was the “Snowball Earth” event(s) at the end of the Proterozoic? What was Rodinia and when did it form and break up? What is a “Wilson Cycle” and what ...
Astronomy101.march23..
Astronomy101.march23..

... • Under 6.0 - At most slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings. • 6.1-6.9 - Can be destructive in areas up to about 100 kilometers across where people live. • 7.0-7.9 - Major earthquake. Can cause serious damage over larger areas. • 8 or greate ...
evidence that our plates move - HULK SCIENCE
evidence that our plates move - HULK SCIENCE

...  Lava: Molten rock on top of the earth ...
class_intro
class_intro

... • Not one dominant theory, but general consensus on the fixity of the major continents. Most geologists held to some combination of these major ideas: • Contractionist theory (Beaumont, Suess, Stille) -- Earth is slowly contracting as it cools -- contraction produces periods of compression and mount ...
Layers of the Earth
Layers of the Earth

... The crust – the outermost layer of the Earth, comprised of 2 types of crust - continental and oceanic. The crust has a variable thickness, being 35-70 km thick in the continents and 5-10 km thick in the ocean basins. Continental crust has a varying thickness, being thickest at mountain chains, and a ...
Layers of The Earth
Layers of The Earth

... The crust – the outermost layer of the Earth, comprised of 2 types of crust - continental and oceanic. The crust has a variable thickness, being 35-70 km thick in the continents and 5-10 km thick in the ocean basins. Continental crust has a varying thickness, being thickest at mountain chains, and a ...
Layers of the Earth
Layers of the Earth

... and inner. The chemical model has four main parts as well. The lithosphere is first, then the asthenosphere, followed by the mesosphere, and then the cores, outer and inner. ...
Unlocking the Secrets of the Rocky Planets
Unlocking the Secrets of the Rocky Planets

... from heat conducted through this lower boundary. The shell has a uniform viscosity in (a) and (c), while in (b) and (d), viscosity increases by a factor of 30 below 700 km. Pointlike downwellings characterize the uniform viscosity case, but linear sheet-like downwellings emerge in the case with stra ...
Plate Tectonics Reading Passage
Plate Tectonics Reading Passage

... Scientists have discovered that our continents were not always the same shape or in the  locations they are in now. Our continents have changed and drifted closer together or farther  apart over the course of billions of years. The most recent time when all the continents were  part of the same land ...
Jones County Schools 2nd Nine Weeks 6th Grade Social Studies
Jones County Schools 2nd Nine Weeks 6th Grade Social Studies

... They remove rocks and soil by erosion. They form boulders by chemical weathering. They form metamorphic rock by mechanical weathering. They break down bedrock into smaller pieces by deposition. ...
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAPER Earth`s Layers Key Concepts
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAPER Earth`s Layers Key Concepts

... the physical layers correspond to the compositional layers. Which of the following should Evelyn show in her model? A. The physical layers exactly match the compositional layers. B. The crust is the only compositional layer not included in the physical layers. C. The physical layers of the inner cor ...
Translate the text from English into Russian.
Translate the text from English into Russian.

... the mantle. The mantle is composed of oxides and silicates, i.e., of rock. It was once believed that this rock was molten, and served as a source of volcanic magma. It is now known on the basis of seismological evidence that the mantle is not in the liquid state. Laboratory experiments have shown, h ...
Lecture 2 - School of Earth and Environment
Lecture 2 - School of Earth and Environment

... • density 3.0 g/cm3 • composed of basalt ...
Introduction to Oceanography and Earth System Science
Introduction to Oceanography and Earth System Science

... subsequently be subject to high rates of evaporation). surface runoff: in form of streams and rivers, eventually being subject to partial evaporation and final emptying back to sea. Infiltration into the ground and uppermost strata comprising the lithosphere; forming "ground water" Vegetative interc ...
EARTH SCIENCE PRACTICE OGT QUESTIONS
EARTH SCIENCE PRACTICE OGT QUESTIONS

... Wave removal of sand from beaches Accumulation of mud in bays ...
2.3 Land ppt - Maryville City Schools
2.3 Land ppt - Maryville City Schools

... surrounded
by
outer
core
which
is
molten
metal
 –  Mantle
–
is
a
liquid
layer
 –  Crust
–
solid
outer
layer
(conOnents
are
part
of
 crust
 ...
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Spherical Earth



The concept of a spherical Earth dates back to around the 6th century BC, when it was mentioned in ancient Greek philosophy, but remained a matter of philosophical speculation until the 3rd century BC, when Hellenistic astronomy established the spherical shape of the earth as a physical given. The paradigm was gradually adopted throughout the Old World during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A practical demonstration of Earth's sphericity was achieved by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano's expedition's circumnavigation (1519−1522).The concept of a spherical Earth displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth: In early Mesopotamian mythology, the world was portrayed as a flat disk floating in the ocean and surrounded by a spherical sky, and this forms the premise for early world maps like those of Anaximander and Hecataeus of Miletus. Other speculations on the shape of Earth include a seven-layered ziggurat or cosmic mountain, alluded to in the Avesta and ancient Persian writings (see seven climes).The realization that the figure of the Earth is more accurately described as an ellipsoid dates to the 18th century (Maupertuis).In the early 19th century, the flattening of the earth ellipsoid was determined to be of the order of 1/300 (Delambre, Everest). The modern value as determined by the US DoD World Geodetic System since the 1960s is close to 1/298.25.
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