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Mid-Ocean Ridge
Mid-Ocean Ridge

...  What ocean has the greatest average depth?  What hemisphere contains the greatest percentage of ocean water?  What term from yesterday’s earth picture does this ...
Crust
Crust

... The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The outer core and inner core are even hotter with pressures so great you would be squeezed into a ball sm ...
9 Early Earth
9 Early Earth

... The three comets for which the D/H ratio has been determined belong to long-period comets probably formed in the Uranus-Neptune region or the Kuiper belt. Comets from that region might have arrived in large numbers relatively late during the accretion of Earth simply because the time-scale of the Ur ...
Earths Internal Structure ws File
Earths Internal Structure ws File

... Crust: The crust is the thin, solid, outermost layer of the Earth. The crust is composed mainly of basalt and granite and, with the uppermost part of the upper mantle, is broken into tectonic plates. The crust is cooler and more rigid than the deeper layers. The thickness of the crust varies conside ...
this process
this process

... 10.What evidence is there in the rock record that oxygen was present at any point in the atmosphere? ANS: Iron oxide (rust) present, means water and oxygen was present. BIFs and red beds, which are rocks that are completely red ...
KICKS Plate Tectonics
KICKS Plate Tectonics

... through both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, often with deep rifts running along their ridges. • Volcanoes and earthquakes are common along the underwater ridges. • There are deep trenches in the ocean floor. ...
What "Seis" Shake?
What "Seis" Shake?

... focus is its origin underground or where the earthquake first begins. Once a quake begins, it sends out one of two types of vibrations called surface waves and body waves. Surface waves (traveling along the earth's surface) tend to cause the most damage because they usually have the strongest vibrat ...
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Harald Schuh (*1956) became President of the
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Harald Schuh (*1956) became President of the

... DAAD, MPG, and ÖAD (Germany-China, Germany-Spain, Germany-Taiwan, Austria-China, AustriaHungary, Austria-Poland, Austria-Spain, and others) and of the project BALGEOS with several Balkan countries. At present, Harald Schuh supervises eight doctor theses (topics: VLBI, GNSS, combination of space geod ...
Ch 17 Reading
Ch 17 Reading

... A Landscape Carved by Glaciers Continental glaciers are large ice sheets that form over land with extremely cold weather. Their weight forces them to spread outward. Alpine glaciers form at the top of some mountains. Gravity pulls them downhill. Glaciers act like bulldozers, grinding and pushing la ...
Unit VI: Solid Earth Circulation
Unit VI: Solid Earth Circulation

... Body waves are categorized as either P waves or S waves on the basis of their mode of propagation through Earth. P waves, or primary waves, result from the compression of material in Earth’s interior. The material is alternately compressed and, as the wave travels away, stretched. Thus, a P wave tra ...
Composition of the earth, Geologic Time, and Plate Tectonics
Composition of the earth, Geologic Time, and Plate Tectonics

... Greater than fresh water gradient due to brines which contain dissolved solids Is affected by temperature and dissolved gas – decreases hydro. gradient ...
Earth`s Plates, Part 2: Movement
Earth`s Plates, Part 2: Movement

... Students will build each model, draw their model and describe what occurs during each geologic activity. Students will compare their drawings with the ocean floor maps in the classroom to find places on the earth that look like their models. The ability to transfer basic, factual knowledge to real-w ...
What is the theory of plate tectonics
What is the theory of plate tectonics

... Crust - The crust is Earth’s thin, outermost layer. __________________ is thick and made of low-density rock, such as granite. ________ crust is thin and made of denser rock, such as basalt. Mantle -The mantle is made of dense, _______________ minerals. Core - The Earth’s core is a hot, dense sphere ...
When drilling stopped in 1994, the hole was over seven miles deep
When drilling stopped in 1994, the hole was over seven miles deep

... “SG-3,” a hole about nine inches wide which snakes over 12.262 kilometers (7.5 miles) into the Earth’s crust. The drill spent twenty-four years chewing its way to that depth, until its progress was finally halted in 1994, about 2.7 kilometers (1.7 miles) short of its 15,000meter goal. The Soviet’s ...
Exam 1 - cloudfront.net
Exam 1 - cloudfront.net

... 1. Describe the steps in the formation of the Solar System. (4 pts.) 2. If you made a model of Earth’s spherical shape that was 10cm in radius, how high would Mount Everest rise above sea level? (Show your mathematical steps) (2 pts.) 3. Was it ever possible for a dinosaur to walk from Fresno, CA to ...
Earth and Space Science Pacing Guide
Earth and Space Science Pacing Guide

... 1 day astronomical unit, light-year, stellar parallax, Cepheid variables, and the red shift. (DOK 1) c. Interpret how gravitational attraction played a role in the formation of the 3 days planetary bodies and how the fusion of hydrogen and other processes in “ordinary” stars and supernovae lead to t ...
Section 1 Inside the Earth Chapter 15 Tectonic Plates, continued A
Section 1 Inside the Earth Chapter 15 Tectonic Plates, continued A

... • Earth’s core is divided into two parts. • The outer core is liquid and is right under the mantle. • The inner core is solid iron and is the center of the Earth. ...
Layers of the Earth Power Point
Layers of the Earth Power Point

... • The mantle is made up of rocks such as silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium. • Top layer - hot solid rock 1590 degrees Fahrenheit • Bottom layer - hot liquid rock 3992 degrees Fahrenheit • The Mantle’s density and temperature increase with it’s depth. ...
Layers of the Earth - Atlanta Public Schools
Layers of the Earth - Atlanta Public Schools

... • The mantle is made up of rocks such as silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium. • Top layer - hot solid rock 1590 degrees Fahrenheit • Bottom layer - hot liquid rock 3992 degrees Fahrenheit • The Mantle’s density and temperature increase with it’s depth. ...
Inside Earth: Chapter 1
Inside Earth: Chapter 1

... somewhat soft and can bend like plastic, while the material of the lithosphere is solid and rigid. ...
Lab 3&4 PowerPoint
Lab 3&4 PowerPoint

... The outermost layer of the Earth is the crust. The Earth’s crust (lithosphere) is like a puzzle. It is made up of a series of plates (Lithospheric plates) that move around the earth slowly due to convection in the mantle (more specifically the asthenosphere) ...
Factsheet: Plate Tectonics
Factsheet: Plate Tectonics

... and others are mostly under the ocean. The type of crust that underlies the continents is called continental crust, while the type found under the oceans is called oceanic crust. The border between two tectonic plates is called a boundary. ...
The Solid Earth - cloudfront.net
The Solid Earth - cloudfront.net

... 2. What do we know about the interior of the Earth? Four and half billion years ago, Earth was formed by the accretion of space debris (asteroids, comets and planetesimals) through impact and agglomeration. The heat energy released by these frequent and steady impact events melted the entire planet, ...
C:\Users\jmhemzac\Desktop\2016 Fall\121rev1f16.wpd
C:\Users\jmhemzac\Desktop\2016 Fall\121rev1f16.wpd

... of geotectonic settings, including different types of plate boundaries, vs. mid-plate locations, and different types of plates involved (oceanic vs. continental): earthquake depth of focus, active volcanoes, oceanic trench, MOR (mid-ocean ridge) Given a set of these features for a location, be able ...
English - Fabio Crameri
English - Fabio Crameri

... stressed by friction, pressure and temperature, but water carried by oceanic crust may reduce this. When the scientists superimposed a soft, water-rich layer of rock on the surface of the crust in addition to the air layer in their models, the simulation generated an even more stable unilateral subd ...
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Spherical Earth



The concept of a spherical Earth dates back to around the 6th century BC, when it was mentioned in ancient Greek philosophy, but remained a matter of philosophical speculation until the 3rd century BC, when Hellenistic astronomy established the spherical shape of the earth as a physical given. The paradigm was gradually adopted throughout the Old World during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A practical demonstration of Earth's sphericity was achieved by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano's expedition's circumnavigation (1519−1522).The concept of a spherical Earth displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth: In early Mesopotamian mythology, the world was portrayed as a flat disk floating in the ocean and surrounded by a spherical sky, and this forms the premise for early world maps like those of Anaximander and Hecataeus of Miletus. Other speculations on the shape of Earth include a seven-layered ziggurat or cosmic mountain, alluded to in the Avesta and ancient Persian writings (see seven climes).The realization that the figure of the Earth is more accurately described as an ellipsoid dates to the 18th century (Maupertuis).In the early 19th century, the flattening of the earth ellipsoid was determined to be of the order of 1/300 (Delambre, Everest). The modern value as determined by the US DoD World Geodetic System since the 1960s is close to 1/298.25.
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