Cardiovascular System - Comed.uobaghdad.edu.iq
... The atrioventricular valves (AV valves) are composed of thin membranous cusps (fibrous flaps of tissue covered with endothelium), which hangdown in the ventricular cavities during diastole. After atrial contraction and just before ventricular contraction, the AV valves begin to close and the leaflet ...
... The atrioventricular valves (AV valves) are composed of thin membranous cusps (fibrous flaps of tissue covered with endothelium), which hangdown in the ventricular cavities during diastole. After atrial contraction and just before ventricular contraction, the AV valves begin to close and the leaflet ...
Physiologic Determinants of Mitral Inflow Pattern Using a Computer
... Background: Although echo Doppler recordings of mitral inflow patterns are often employed clinically to identify “diastolic dysfunction,” abnormal flow profiles may be seen in a diverse set of disorders in which the specific physiologic determinants are not well defined. Methods: We used a validated ...
... Background: Although echo Doppler recordings of mitral inflow patterns are often employed clinically to identify “diastolic dysfunction,” abnormal flow profiles may be seen in a diverse set of disorders in which the specific physiologic determinants are not well defined. Methods: We used a validated ...
Incidental finding of a large pulmonary valve fibroelastoma: A case
... heart. The review of current literature demonstrates that symptomatic PFEs are more likely to be located on the left side of the heart.1,2,8 Similar investigations confirm that the most commonly affected valvular site is the aortic valve, followed by the mitral and tricuspid valves, respectively. Th ...
... heart. The review of current literature demonstrates that symptomatic PFEs are more likely to be located on the left side of the heart.1,2,8 Similar investigations confirm that the most commonly affected valvular site is the aortic valve, followed by the mitral and tricuspid valves, respectively. Th ...
Increased heart rate as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
... presented in Fig. 1. It is noteworthy that the rate of death from all causes and from cardiovascular disease increased as a function of increasing heart rate or when pulse rate increased beyond 84 beats/min, as was reported in NNHEFS.11 Finally, heart rate as a prognostic factor for CHD and mortalit ...
... presented in Fig. 1. It is noteworthy that the rate of death from all causes and from cardiovascular disease increased as a function of increasing heart rate or when pulse rate increased beyond 84 beats/min, as was reported in NNHEFS.11 Finally, heart rate as a prognostic factor for CHD and mortalit ...
The Cardiac Cycle
... But even if the atria don’t contract {as in atrial fibrillation}; blood would also flow to the ventricles because the AV valves are open. But it will move with fewer amounts and less speed in this case (the volume in the ventricle would increase by 10 ml only). This results in less contribution. Q) ...
... But even if the atria don’t contract {as in atrial fibrillation}; blood would also flow to the ventricles because the AV valves are open. But it will move with fewer amounts and less speed in this case (the volume in the ventricle would increase by 10 ml only). This results in less contribution. Q) ...
Cardiac Replacement with a Total Artificial Heart as a Bridge to
... failure, the final common pathway of myocardial dysfunction in most forms of cardiac disease, has increased by a factor of five in the past three decades and is currently increasing at a rate of 550,000 new cases per year. The nearly 5 million Americans who have heart failure generate annual health ...
... failure, the final common pathway of myocardial dysfunction in most forms of cardiac disease, has increased by a factor of five in the past three decades and is currently increasing at a rate of 550,000 new cases per year. The nearly 5 million Americans who have heart failure generate annual health ...
Electrocardiography (ECG)
... 3-Heart attack (Myocardial infarction) The electrocardiography assists in the diagnosis of specific cardiac abnormalities by detecting transmission of electrical impulses through the heart’s conductive tissues. This is accomplished by means of leads (or electrodes), attached to a patient’s limbs and ...
... 3-Heart attack (Myocardial infarction) The electrocardiography assists in the diagnosis of specific cardiac abnormalities by detecting transmission of electrical impulses through the heart’s conductive tissues. This is accomplished by means of leads (or electrodes), attached to a patient’s limbs and ...
Since the function of the heart is that of a pump it is of interest both to
... were made; these were repeated on December 11th, 2 days after restoration of normal sinus mechanism occurred spontaneously (Table I, Figure 1). In October 1936 we had occasion to make observations of this patient during still another attack of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation. Following discharge f ...
... were made; these were repeated on December 11th, 2 days after restoration of normal sinus mechanism occurred spontaneously (Table I, Figure 1). In October 1936 we had occasion to make observations of this patient during still another attack of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation. Following discharge f ...
Measurement of Heart Chamber Volumes by Analysis of Dilution
... high pressure, as necessitated by other methods. By use of this technic, scintiphotographic images produced by gamma-emitting radioisotopes can be recorded in rapid sequence as the isotope flows through the circulatory system. However, most applications of the camera to dynamic studies of the heart ...
... high pressure, as necessitated by other methods. By use of this technic, scintiphotographic images produced by gamma-emitting radioisotopes can be recorded in rapid sequence as the isotope flows through the circulatory system. However, most applications of the camera to dynamic studies of the heart ...
Thoracotomy - Queensland Ambulance Service
... • The role of pre-hospital thoracotomy for blunt traumatic cardiac arrest is reserved for patients with a pericardial tamponade confirmed by ultrasound where thoracic aortic compression my be of benefit. Routine thoracotomy for blunt trauma cardiac arrest is yet to show any survival benefit.[3,7 ...
... • The role of pre-hospital thoracotomy for blunt traumatic cardiac arrest is reserved for patients with a pericardial tamponade confirmed by ultrasound where thoracic aortic compression my be of benefit. Routine thoracotomy for blunt trauma cardiac arrest is yet to show any survival benefit.[3,7 ...
in Elderly People
... cerebral dysfunction, syncope, and other symptoms of diminished cardiac output or regional blood flow.'-6 Most patients reported have been over 50-60 years of age, with resting ...
... cerebral dysfunction, syncope, and other symptoms of diminished cardiac output or regional blood flow.'-6 Most patients reported have been over 50-60 years of age, with resting ...
Final heart development
... • Describe the partitioning of the truncus arteriosus and formation of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. • List the most common cardiac anomalies. ...
... • Describe the partitioning of the truncus arteriosus and formation of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. • List the most common cardiac anomalies. ...
Beneficial effect of β-adrenergic blockade on left ventricular function
... due to renal failure. We concluded that the major reason for the small dosage was the small size of the patients, whose mean dry body weight was 50 kg. It is well recognized that both atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide are increased in relation to the severity of left ventricul ...
... due to renal failure. We concluded that the major reason for the small dosage was the small size of the patients, whose mean dry body weight was 50 kg. It is well recognized that both atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide are increased in relation to the severity of left ventricul ...
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
... shunt, the volume of which depends on the size of the ductus. As much as 50% of the left ventricular output may be re-circulated through the lungs, increasing pulmonary blood flow(pulmonary plethora on CXR), with a consequent volume overload of left-sided cardiac chambers & increase in the work load ...
... shunt, the volume of which depends on the size of the ductus. As much as 50% of the left ventricular output may be re-circulated through the lungs, increasing pulmonary blood flow(pulmonary plethora on CXR), with a consequent volume overload of left-sided cardiac chambers & increase in the work load ...
CARDIAC POWER OUTPUT, ITS ROLE IN DEFINING HEART
... thus the need for further inotropic support. With the initial dose of positive inotropic agent, cardiac output increased in both groups. With initial inotropic administration, the survived group reached a cardiac output of 4.32 ±1.5 L/min, while the deceased group reached 3.97 ± 2.5 L/min. With peak ...
... thus the need for further inotropic support. With the initial dose of positive inotropic agent, cardiac output increased in both groups. With initial inotropic administration, the survived group reached a cardiac output of 4.32 ±1.5 L/min, while the deceased group reached 3.97 ± 2.5 L/min. With peak ...
TEMPORARY PACING – WHEN AND HOW? DR. R. VIJAYAKUMAR
... Pace maker is an artificial device that delivers a timed fixed electrical stimulus to the heart, which results in cardiac depolarisation. These devices keep the heart beating slow when used. The main disadvantage is that they cannot control a faster rate. The indication for temporary pacing can be c ...
... Pace maker is an artificial device that delivers a timed fixed electrical stimulus to the heart, which results in cardiac depolarisation. These devices keep the heart beating slow when used. The main disadvantage is that they cannot control a faster rate. The indication for temporary pacing can be c ...
EDEMA Approximately 60% of lean body weight is water, two
... Dependent edema is a prominent feature of cardiac failure, particularly of the right ventricle. Edema due to renal dysfunction or nephrotic syndrome is generally more severe than cardiac edema and affects all parts of the body equally. Nevertheless, severe edema early in the disease course can still ...
... Dependent edema is a prominent feature of cardiac failure, particularly of the right ventricle. Edema due to renal dysfunction or nephrotic syndrome is generally more severe than cardiac edema and affects all parts of the body equally. Nevertheless, severe edema early in the disease course can still ...
NIH Public Access - Pensiero Critico
... symptom relief, and a follow-up chest x-ray 2 week later showed reduced cardiomegaly. A month after coming under Dr. Bruenn's care, Roosevelt's blood pressure had risen to 240/130 mmHg after unsuccessful phenobarbital treatment. In 1945, two months before his death, Roosevelt attended the Yalta Conf ...
... symptom relief, and a follow-up chest x-ray 2 week later showed reduced cardiomegaly. A month after coming under Dr. Bruenn's care, Roosevelt's blood pressure had risen to 240/130 mmHg after unsuccessful phenobarbital treatment. In 1945, two months before his death, Roosevelt attended the Yalta Conf ...
Nelson – pedi cardiology MURMURS ONLY
... • Due to the physiologic relative stenosis of the right and left pulmonary arteries • Usually disappears by 1 year of age • Grade I-II, midsystolic ejection, heard at the ULSB with radiation to the axillae and back ...
... • Due to the physiologic relative stenosis of the right and left pulmonary arteries • Usually disappears by 1 year of age • Grade I-II, midsystolic ejection, heard at the ULSB with radiation to the axillae and back ...
Resolution of Left Bundle Branch Block–Induced Cardiomyopathy
... dyssynchrony persisted in 1 patient. The septal flash, present before CRT in 4 patients, resolved in all 4. Consistent with the similar dyssynchrony pattern observed before CRT, the response to CRT was similar among patients (Fig. 4), with a more homogeneous deformation of the LV segments, reaching ...
... dyssynchrony persisted in 1 patient. The septal flash, present before CRT in 4 patients, resolved in all 4. Consistent with the similar dyssynchrony pattern observed before CRT, the response to CRT was similar among patients (Fig. 4), with a more homogeneous deformation of the LV segments, reaching ...
Activity and Exercise Patterns
... slows the heart rate. Reflex regulation of the heart rate in response to systemic blood pressure also occurs through activation of sensory receptors known as baroreceptors or pressure receptors located in the carotid sinus, aortic arch, venae cavae, and pulmonary veins. If heart rate increases, card ...
... slows the heart rate. Reflex regulation of the heart rate in response to systemic blood pressure also occurs through activation of sensory receptors known as baroreceptors or pressure receptors located in the carotid sinus, aortic arch, venae cavae, and pulmonary veins. If heart rate increases, card ...
The Right Heart
... 3.8cm Severe > 3.9cm Mid RV dimensions (RVD2) Normal 2.7 – 3.3cm Mild 3.4 – 3.7cm Mod 3.8 – 4.1cm Severe >4.2cm Base to Apex (RVD3) Normal 7.1 -7.9 Mild 8 – 8.5 Mod 8.6 – 9.1 Severe >9.2cm ...
... 3.8cm Severe > 3.9cm Mid RV dimensions (RVD2) Normal 2.7 – 3.3cm Mild 3.4 – 3.7cm Mod 3.8 – 4.1cm Severe >4.2cm Base to Apex (RVD3) Normal 7.1 -7.9 Mild 8 – 8.5 Mod 8.6 – 9.1 Severe >9.2cm ...
CT Coronary Angiography (CCTA) CPT Codes: 75574 Current
... angiography, quantification of valvular disease, and contrast enhancement ...
... angiography, quantification of valvular disease, and contrast enhancement ...
Clinical approach to determination of the need for prophylaxis in
... • Isolated secundum atrial septal defect • Surgical repair of ASD, VSD or PDA • Previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery • Mitral valve prolapse without valvular regurgitation • Physiologic, functional, or innocent heart murmurs • Previous Kawasaki disease without valvular dysfunction • Previou ...
... • Isolated secundum atrial septal defect • Surgical repair of ASD, VSD or PDA • Previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery • Mitral valve prolapse without valvular regurgitation • Physiologic, functional, or innocent heart murmurs • Previous Kawasaki disease without valvular dysfunction • Previou ...
reduced left ventricular systolic function differentiate between
... hronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome that primarily affects elderly people. The syndrome is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is often attributable to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.1 2 On the basis of previous reports, as many as 50% of patients with a reduced left vent ...
... hronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome that primarily affects elderly people. The syndrome is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is often attributable to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.1 2 On the basis of previous reports, as many as 50% of patients with a reduced left vent ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.