Ocean Floor
... continents and consist of massive wedges of sediment eroded from the land and deposited along the continental edge. The Continental Margin can be divided into three parts: the Continental shelf, the Continental slope, and the Continental rise. ...
... continents and consist of massive wedges of sediment eroded from the land and deposited along the continental edge. The Continental Margin can be divided into three parts: the Continental shelf, the Continental slope, and the Continental rise. ...
Document
... 1. The place where two plates push together; one plate sinking beneath another; continental-continental collision, oceanic-continental subduction, oceanic-continental subduction. 2. Where two continental plates push together; how mountains form. 3. Denser oceanic plate sinks into the asthenosphere; ...
... 1. The place where two plates push together; one plate sinking beneath another; continental-continental collision, oceanic-continental subduction, oceanic-continental subduction. 2. Where two continental plates push together; how mountains form. 3. Denser oceanic plate sinks into the asthenosphere; ...
Geology of the deep oceans
... of meters below the seafloor. Cores obtained from these drill holes have provided geologists with sediment and rock samples for detailed physical and chemical studies). Plans are now afoot to install a global network of unmanned deep-sea observatories that will send back streams of data about proces ...
... of meters below the seafloor. Cores obtained from these drill holes have provided geologists with sediment and rock samples for detailed physical and chemical studies). Plans are now afoot to install a global network of unmanned deep-sea observatories that will send back streams of data about proces ...
Student worksheet for The Theory of Plate Tectonics
... _______________ , __________________ , and ______________ 20. The Earth’s crust is divided into the _____________ crust and the ___________ crust. 21. The most common rock in the upper crust is ______________ (igneous). 22. The oceanic crust is composed of the igneous rock called ____________. 23. W ...
... _______________ , __________________ , and ______________ 20. The Earth’s crust is divided into the _____________ crust and the ___________ crust. 21. The most common rock in the upper crust is ______________ (igneous). 22. The oceanic crust is composed of the igneous rock called ____________. 23. W ...
A. Direction of Forces and the Movements B. Effects of Diastrophism
... In 1920, Mid-oceanic ridges were discovered using an echo sounding device like a sonar. A break or rift was found at the middle of the ridge running along its length where basaltic magma wells out to the surface. This solidified and form a „new crust‟. This new crust pushes the old crust causing the ...
... In 1920, Mid-oceanic ridges were discovered using an echo sounding device like a sonar. A break or rift was found at the middle of the ridge running along its length where basaltic magma wells out to the surface. This solidified and form a „new crust‟. This new crust pushes the old crust causing the ...
The Theory of Seafloor Spreading
... mountains, valleys and trenches that extend through the center of much of Earth’s oceans. ...
... mountains, valleys and trenches that extend through the center of much of Earth’s oceans. ...
Oceans: Chapters 19, 20, and 21
... 17. What two principal gases are dissolved in ocean water? 18. As the temperature changes, the ocean and atmosphere are continuously exchanging ___. 19. Oceans are often referred to as a carbon sink. How many times more carbon is contained in the ocean than in the atmosphere? 20. By studying variati ...
... 17. What two principal gases are dissolved in ocean water? 18. As the temperature changes, the ocean and atmosphere are continuously exchanging ___. 19. Oceans are often referred to as a carbon sink. How many times more carbon is contained in the ocean than in the atmosphere? 20. By studying variati ...
The Continental Drift Theory
... In the 1950s, scientists began studying the ocean floor in detail. Priorto that time they did not have the techniques or the equipment to make the studies possible. With the development of the precision depth recorder and with the use of the Glomar Challenger, a research ship used as a drilling plat ...
... In the 1950s, scientists began studying the ocean floor in detail. Priorto that time they did not have the techniques or the equipment to make the studies possible. With the development of the precision depth recorder and with the use of the Glomar Challenger, a research ship used as a drilling plat ...
Background Knowledge – Layers of the Earth 1. List the layers of the
... 4. How does a lava lamp represent convection currents in the mantle? The light bulb heats the material unevenly just like the outer core heats the mantle unevenly. As the temperature rises, the volume expends, creating a material that has a low density and a rising effect. As the material moves away ...
... 4. How does a lava lamp represent convection currents in the mantle? The light bulb heats the material unevenly just like the outer core heats the mantle unevenly. As the temperature rises, the volume expends, creating a material that has a low density and a rising effect. As the material moves away ...
REVIEW Earth`s Interior
... Use the following terms to label the diagram below. Then, use the terms to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow. Terms may be used more than once. crust outer core mantle inner core mesosphere asthenosphere tectonic plate core lithosphere ...
... Use the following terms to label the diagram below. Then, use the terms to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow. Terms may be used more than once. crust outer core mantle inner core mesosphere asthenosphere tectonic plate core lithosphere ...
Changes in Ocean Geometry Over the Past Billion Years
... A Plate tectonic model tracing the evolution of the Arctic Ocean from 500 Ma to present A major Ocean—the Iapetus—existed roughly where the Arctic is now relative to other plates from 482-438 Ma. Up to 200 Ma, the ocean then closed up—reappearing around the same time as the Atlantic (~163 Ma) at the ...
... A Plate tectonic model tracing the evolution of the Arctic Ocean from 500 Ma to present A major Ocean—the Iapetus—existed roughly where the Arctic is now relative to other plates from 482-438 Ma. Up to 200 Ma, the ocean then closed up—reappearing around the same time as the Atlantic (~163 Ma) at the ...
Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor opens with a brief history of
... A. Earth is divided into three main layers on the basis of chemical composition 1. Crust, low density, mainly silicate minerals, thin, average depth from surface of Earth is 30 km 2. Mantle, higher density material, mainly Fe and Mg silicate minerals, extends from base of crust to 2900 km 3. Core, h ...
... A. Earth is divided into three main layers on the basis of chemical composition 1. Crust, low density, mainly silicate minerals, thin, average depth from surface of Earth is 30 km 2. Mantle, higher density material, mainly Fe and Mg silicate minerals, extends from base of crust to 2900 km 3. Core, h ...
Plate Tectonics
... 500 million years in the future? • If the plates continue to move in the directions they move today for another 500 million years, propose a configuration of oceans and continents at the end of that time. ...
... 500 million years in the future? • If the plates continue to move in the directions they move today for another 500 million years, propose a configuration of oceans and continents at the end of that time. ...
Layers of the Earth
... upper 7 km of the crust. Deepest well is in Russia- took 20 years to drill a 12 km hole, cost more then $100 million. Drilling stopped in 1989 after getting stuck at 12 km. ...
... upper 7 km of the crust. Deepest well is in Russia- took 20 years to drill a 12 km hole, cost more then $100 million. Drilling stopped in 1989 after getting stuck at 12 km. ...
Handout 10
... c. boundary between tectonic plates that are moving away from each other _____ 14. mid-ocean ridge d. undersea mountain range _____ 15. subduction zone e. the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding 16. A narrow area that forms where the plates at a divergent boundary separate is called ...
... c. boundary between tectonic plates that are moving away from each other _____ 14. mid-ocean ridge d. undersea mountain range _____ 15. subduction zone e. the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding 16. A narrow area that forms where the plates at a divergent boundary separate is called ...
Name________________________________________
... c. boundary between tectonic plates that are moving away from each other _____ 14. mid-ocean ridge d. undersea mountain range _____ 15. subduction zone e. the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding 16. A narrow area that forms where the plates at a divergent boundary separate is called ...
... c. boundary between tectonic plates that are moving away from each other _____ 14. mid-ocean ridge d. undersea mountain range _____ 15. subduction zone e. the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding 16. A narrow area that forms where the plates at a divergent boundary separate is called ...
Section 17.3 Theory of Plate Tectonics
... Example Rift Valley Locations: ________________________ ...
... Example Rift Valley Locations: ________________________ ...
Plate Tectonics
... Hawaiian Islands- The active and newest island is the big island of Hawaii, and the oldest inactive island is Kauai. Since the inactive volcanoes are no longer adding to the size of the island, the island will erode away over millions of years until it becomes a seamount where is no longer above the ...
... Hawaiian Islands- The active and newest island is the big island of Hawaii, and the oldest inactive island is Kauai. Since the inactive volcanoes are no longer adding to the size of the island, the island will erode away over millions of years until it becomes a seamount where is no longer above the ...
Plate Boundaries
... (2) Transform motion of rocks on either side is not always in opposite directions. (a) Rocks move in opposite directions only in the section between two segments of ridge crest. (b) This is the only section that experiences earthquakes instead of along the entire section as would normally be expecte ...
... (2) Transform motion of rocks on either side is not always in opposite directions. (a) Rocks move in opposite directions only in the section between two segments of ridge crest. (b) This is the only section that experiences earthquakes instead of along the entire section as would normally be expecte ...
Plate Tectonics
... What evidence do we have to support this idea? o Mid-ocean ridges are warmer than surrounding ocean floors o Active volcanoes on ridges, earthquakes on ridges o Mid-ocean ridge rocks are younger than surrounding ocean floor rocks o Mid-ocean ridge volcanoes are younger than volcanoes further away ...
... What evidence do we have to support this idea? o Mid-ocean ridges are warmer than surrounding ocean floors o Active volcanoes on ridges, earthquakes on ridges o Mid-ocean ridge rocks are younger than surrounding ocean floor rocks o Mid-ocean ridge volcanoes are younger than volcanoes further away ...
Tectonic Plate Boundaries
... -continental and oceanic plates collide. -Denser oceanic crust sinks into asthenosphere where it is recycled. Subduction Zone ...
... -continental and oceanic plates collide. -Denser oceanic crust sinks into asthenosphere where it is recycled. Subduction Zone ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.