Biopsychology and the Foundations of Neuroscience Chapter 3
... receives info from thousands of other neurons-some excitatory (like pushing the gas pedal). Others are inhibitory (like pushing the breaks). If the excitatory signals, minus the inhibitory signals exceed a minimum intensity, called the absolute threshold, then action potential is realized or crossed ...
... receives info from thousands of other neurons-some excitatory (like pushing the gas pedal). Others are inhibitory (like pushing the breaks). If the excitatory signals, minus the inhibitory signals exceed a minimum intensity, called the absolute threshold, then action potential is realized or crossed ...
HISTOLOGY REVISIT: NEURONS AND NEUROGLIA LEARNING
... Cell body varies in size from 4 micrometer as in granule cells of cerebral cortex to I35 micrometer in anterior horn cells of spinal cord Shape of body may be globular in pseudounipolar cells Spindle shaped in bipolar neurons Vary from pyramidal to globular in multipolar cells ...
... Cell body varies in size from 4 micrometer as in granule cells of cerebral cortex to I35 micrometer in anterior horn cells of spinal cord Shape of body may be globular in pseudounipolar cells Spindle shaped in bipolar neurons Vary from pyramidal to globular in multipolar cells ...
signal transduction the ligand-gated ion channels
... Change in transmembrane voltage gradient – alters ion conductance 3. Second messenger regulated Binding of a ligand to a G-protein coupled receptor – generates a second messenger that regulates ion conductance of a channel ...
... Change in transmembrane voltage gradient – alters ion conductance 3. Second messenger regulated Binding of a ligand to a G-protein coupled receptor – generates a second messenger that regulates ion conductance of a channel ...
NERVOUS and ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS TEST PREVIEW
... 4. What is the difference between intensity and strength of a nerve impulse? 5. What determines the rate of an impulse? 6. What is the pathway of an impulse from stimulus to response? 7. Explain the difference between an axon in the resting state vs. transmitting an impulse. 8. As an impulse travels ...
... 4. What is the difference between intensity and strength of a nerve impulse? 5. What determines the rate of an impulse? 6. What is the pathway of an impulse from stimulus to response? 7. Explain the difference between an axon in the resting state vs. transmitting an impulse. 8. As an impulse travels ...
Nervous System – Ch 7
... Arise from elevation of cell body (axonal hillock) to conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body Many mitochondria, microtubules, neurofibrils Single structure that may have many branches Large ones are covered by sheaths of Schwann cells (membrane covering). Membrane is composed of myelin (lipo ...
... Arise from elevation of cell body (axonal hillock) to conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body Many mitochondria, microtubules, neurofibrils Single structure that may have many branches Large ones are covered by sheaths of Schwann cells (membrane covering). Membrane is composed of myelin (lipo ...
Autonomic nervous system
... another neuron. A white, fatty substance called the myelin sheath insulates and protects the axon for some neurons. Small fibers, called axon terminals, branch out at the end of the axon. Axon terminals are positioned opposite the dendrite of another neuron. ...
... another neuron. A white, fatty substance called the myelin sheath insulates and protects the axon for some neurons. Small fibers, called axon terminals, branch out at the end of the axon. Axon terminals are positioned opposite the dendrite of another neuron. ...
Nervous System Notes
... How a Nerve Impulse Travels • Nerve impulses can travels as fast as 120 meters per second! THAT’S FAST! • Messages travel from the Cell Body, down the axon, and to the axon tips! ...
... How a Nerve Impulse Travels • Nerve impulses can travels as fast as 120 meters per second! THAT’S FAST! • Messages travel from the Cell Body, down the axon, and to the axon tips! ...
chapter 8 lecture ppt
... Action Potentials • “Electricity” that cause depolarization and repolarization • Change resting membrane potential by activating gated ion channels • Local Current: movement of Na+ which causes inside of cell to be more positive (depolarize) ...
... Action Potentials • “Electricity” that cause depolarization and repolarization • Change resting membrane potential by activating gated ion channels • Local Current: movement of Na+ which causes inside of cell to be more positive (depolarize) ...
Chapter 3 Biological Aspects of Psychology
... squid has frequently been used by scientists studying the neural impulse. (a) At rest, the neuron is like a tiny wet battery with a resting potential of about –70 millivolts. (b) When a neuron is stimulated, a brief jump in its electric potential occurs, resulting in a spike on the oscilloscope reco ...
... squid has frequently been used by scientists studying the neural impulse. (a) At rest, the neuron is like a tiny wet battery with a resting potential of about –70 millivolts. (b) When a neuron is stimulated, a brief jump in its electric potential occurs, resulting in a spike on the oscilloscope reco ...
Nervous System Function
... Inside negative (-70 mV) compared to outside Inside has high K+ (negativity comes from proteins & other negative ions) Outside has high Na+ Forces at work Electrical Diffusion ...
... Inside negative (-70 mV) compared to outside Inside has high K+ (negativity comes from proteins & other negative ions) Outside has high Na+ Forces at work Electrical Diffusion ...
How are axons guided to their targets?
... • Chemoaffinity Hypothesis – the specificity of wiring is based on recognition of chemical cues • Axons reach their targets in a series of discrete steps • Different cells respond to the same guidance cues in different ways • Chemical cues exist at many points along the axon guidance pathway e.g the ...
... • Chemoaffinity Hypothesis – the specificity of wiring is based on recognition of chemical cues • Axons reach their targets in a series of discrete steps • Different cells respond to the same guidance cues in different ways • Chemical cues exist at many points along the axon guidance pathway e.g the ...
6419982_1441921514
... The Schwann cells then form a regeneration tube as the part of the axon that is connected to the cell body begins to grow and exhibit amoeboid movement. The Schwann cells of the regeneration tube are believed to secrete chemicals that attract the growing axon tip, and the regeneration tube helps to ...
... The Schwann cells then form a regeneration tube as the part of the axon that is connected to the cell body begins to grow and exhibit amoeboid movement. The Schwann cells of the regeneration tube are believed to secrete chemicals that attract the growing axon tip, and the regeneration tube helps to ...
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION
... The inside of the resting neuron is negatively charged, the outside is positively charged When a neuron is stimulated this polarity is reversed, these reversals are called action potentials ...
... The inside of the resting neuron is negatively charged, the outside is positively charged When a neuron is stimulated this polarity is reversed, these reversals are called action potentials ...
Biology 30 NERVOUS SYSTEM - Salisbury Composite High School
... the polarized state but now is hyperpolarized – more positively charged on the outside than the resting state ...
... the polarized state but now is hyperpolarized – more positively charged on the outside than the resting state ...
Chapter 27 Lecture notes
... potential, causing a reversal in the membrane potential, a rapid upswing to about 135 mV. The voltage then drops slightly below the resting potential (hyperpolarization), and returns to resting potential a few milliseconds after the stimulus. NOTE: It is only the axon that can achieve an action pote ...
... potential, causing a reversal in the membrane potential, a rapid upswing to about 135 mV. The voltage then drops slightly below the resting potential (hyperpolarization), and returns to resting potential a few milliseconds after the stimulus. NOTE: It is only the axon that can achieve an action pote ...
Mark scheme - Biology for Life
... Draw and label a diagram showing a transverse section of the ileum as seen under a light microscope. ...
... Draw and label a diagram showing a transverse section of the ileum as seen under a light microscope. ...
Neurons - Seung Lab
... • Thin and often long. • A single axon leaves the soma, but may later branch, usually at right angles. • Action potentials travel from the soma to the presynaptic terminals. ...
... • Thin and often long. • A single axon leaves the soma, but may later branch, usually at right angles. • Action potentials travel from the soma to the presynaptic terminals. ...
Low Level EMF to Suppress A-Fib
... Maintained that molecular organization in biosystems essential for sensing weak stimuli (thermal, chemical, or electrical) resides in joint functions of molecular assemblies (or in subsets). It is at the atomic level within systems that physical rather than chemical events shape the flow of signals ...
... Maintained that molecular organization in biosystems essential for sensing weak stimuli (thermal, chemical, or electrical) resides in joint functions of molecular assemblies (or in subsets). It is at the atomic level within systems that physical rather than chemical events shape the flow of signals ...
the nervous sys. The function of neuron & Glia
... very near vesicle attachment sites so entry of several thousand Ca molecules over 1 ms can raise the local effective internal [Ca] from 100 nM to 10s of uM and trigger the fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic membrane (exocytosis) (ii) Each 40 um diameter vesicle stores and synchronously relea ...
... very near vesicle attachment sites so entry of several thousand Ca molecules over 1 ms can raise the local effective internal [Ca] from 100 nM to 10s of uM and trigger the fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic membrane (exocytosis) (ii) Each 40 um diameter vesicle stores and synchronously relea ...
Chapter 2: Neuroscience
... Consider MS – the myelin sheath breaks down and results in slow communication to the muscles. ...
... Consider MS – the myelin sheath breaks down and results in slow communication to the muscles. ...
NOTES FOR CHAPTER 13
... B. Myelin Sheath covers some axons in the PNS and CNS * myelin is a lipid substance that insulates and protects neurons * myelin also helps with nerve healing * the disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) develops when the myelin sheath becomes hardened and interferes with nerve conduction - it is an auto ...
... B. Myelin Sheath covers some axons in the PNS and CNS * myelin is a lipid substance that insulates and protects neurons * myelin also helps with nerve healing * the disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) develops when the myelin sheath becomes hardened and interferes with nerve conduction - it is an auto ...
48_Lectures_PPT
... certain membrane voltage, called the threshold • A stimulus strong enough to produce depolarization that reaches the threshold triggers a response called an action potential ...
... certain membrane voltage, called the threshold • A stimulus strong enough to produce depolarization that reaches the threshold triggers a response called an action potential ...
nervous system 2012 - Junction Hill C
... neurons in their brain alone! While variable in size and shape, all neurons have three parts. Dendrites receive information from another cell and transmit the message to the cell body. The cell body contains the nucleus. The axon conducts messages away from the cell body. ...
... neurons in their brain alone! While variable in size and shape, all neurons have three parts. Dendrites receive information from another cell and transmit the message to the cell body. The cell body contains the nucleus. The axon conducts messages away from the cell body. ...
Node of Ranvier
The nodes of Ranvier also known as myelin sheath gaps, are the gaps (approximately 1 micrometer in length) formed between the myelin sheaths generated by different cells. A myelin sheath is a many-layered coating, largely composed of a fatty substance called myelin, that wraps around the axon of a neuron and very efficiently insulates it. At nodes of Ranvier, the axonal membrane is uninsulated and, therefore, capable of generating electrical activity.