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B. Geological and geophysical phenomena
B. Geological and geophysical phenomena

... i. Describes the processes that cause earthquakes (e.g. tectonic plate movements, slides) e. Erosion i. Describes different types of erosion (e.g. soils dried by the wind, fragmentation of rocks caused by water freezing and thawing) f. Winds i. Names the main factors responsible for wind (e.g. conv ...
Fact Sheet - SharpSchool
Fact Sheet - SharpSchool

... Fossil ages comes from primarily from radioactive dating. Radioactive dating relies on the properties of isotopes. These are chemical elements, like carbon or uranium, that are identical except for one key feature -- the number of neutrons in their nucleus. They can use relative dating in which they ...
Olivine
Olivine

... Garnet: (Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn)3(Al,Fe,Cr)3[SiO4]3 ...
Variables Change Earth Study Guide
Variables Change Earth Study Guide

... adaptations, it can tell you what the weather can effect the soil. land and environment must have been like at one time. For example, it would be common to find a shell on the beach, but what if you found a shell up in the mountains? What would that say about the land that you now know as mountains? ...
Sample Unit of Study - New York Science Teacher
Sample Unit of Study - New York Science Teacher

... 9. Aim: What Happens at Converging Boundaries I I (Continent - Continent)? Activity: Diagramming Continent linked Convergent boundaries 10. Aim: What Happens at Transform boundaries? Activity: Diagramming Transform boundaries 11. Aim: How do we locate earthquake Epicenters Activity: Lab: Locating Ea ...
GEOS 101 The Dynamic Earth Fall 2011
GEOS 101 The Dynamic Earth Fall 2011

... ice ages, Earth processes have shaped the history of life and altered the development of human  civilization.  In this course, you will be introduced to both what we know about Earth and how we know  it.  We will consider the origin of Earth and its anatomy, plate tectonics and the rock cycle, and a ...
Plate Tectonic Test Review Answers!
Plate Tectonic Test Review Answers!

... During sea-floor spreading, new crust forms when molten material from the mantle will rise up and fill in to form New Ocean Crust. The opposite edges of the boundary then become subducted. ...
Earth`s Layers Worksheet - Engineering Service Learning
Earth`s Layers Worksheet - Engineering Service Learning

... of the land and oceans and the rock underneath the land and the oceans, all the way down to the middle part of the mantle. It is cold and brittle, meaning it is hard and breakable.  The mantle is the layer just below the lithosphere and is the thickest layer. It is made up of mostly rock. It is hot ...
Unit 1 - Earth`s Dimensions Review Powerpoint
Unit 1 - Earth`s Dimensions Review Powerpoint

... “sinking” as it moves away. Which statement best explains this observation? A. The surface of the ocean has depressions B. The Earth has a curved surface C. The Earth is rotating D. The Earth is revolving ...
Review Sheet for Exam 1
Review Sheet for Exam 1

...  What the four types of chemical bonds are  What silicate minerals are & what they are primarily composed of  The seven physical properties of minerals  Moh’s Hardness Scale  How minerals form Chapter 3 — Igneous Rocks  What the difference is b/w magma and lava  Temperatures that mafic and fe ...
Earth Layers Creative Writing
Earth Layers Creative Writing

... have two personalities. On Fridays, I am Mr. Limpert the science teacher and Limpertstein, the famous science singer. This relates to the lithosphere because it is made up of 2 parts. It is both part of the crust and upper mantle. The second way I resemble the lithosphere is because I love to juggle ...
Study Help Science 8
Study Help Science 8

... The Origin of the Oceans 1.Tectonic Plates- Tectonic plates move changing the position of the continents. 2.Volcanic action- Water trapped in volcanic materials were released as vapour. It cooled, condensed and fell back to the earth. This water collected in the lowest parts of the Earth’s surface.. ...
White et al Nice abstract
White et al Nice abstract

... their evolution. We discuss the distribution of igneous rocks along the North Atlantic margins and discuss the temporal and spatial variations in the Iceland mantle plume in the early Tertiary, which have largely controlled this pattern of magmatism. Igneous rocks are added to the crust on rifted ma ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

... • sea-floor spreading: a hypothesis that the sea floor forms at the crest of the mid-oceanic ridge, then moves horizontally away from the ridge crest toward an oceanic trench ...
History of Climate Change
History of Climate Change

...  Outgassing increases when spreading rates at midocean ridges increases ...
Alfred Lothar Wegener, 1880-1930
Alfred Lothar Wegener, 1880-1930

... and the field settles down in the opposite state. The process goes by several names – "magnetic field reversal" and "polarity transition" are the most common. Reversals have been documented as far back as 330 million years. During that time more than 400 reversals have taken place, one roughly every ...
GEOLOGY 1--Physical Geology Lecture #2, 2/9/2006
GEOLOGY 1--Physical Geology Lecture #2, 2/9/2006

... Kelvin’s claim because it provided a heat source that had not known about. The decay of radioactive elements generate heat and add to the heat already in the earth. The discovery of radioactivity also provided means to determine how old Earth is. In 1905, the first crude isotopic dates were indicate ...
Plate Tectonics 10.2
Plate Tectonics 10.2

... drift and sea-floor spreading led to the development of a theory called plate tectonics. • Plate tectonics: Theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that are in motion (glide) over the mantle • Helps explains why and how continents move and is the study of the formation of feat ...
Power Point File 5 - KFUPM Faculty List
Power Point File 5 - KFUPM Faculty List

... • Normal faults may be planar or listric, the latter is more commonly shown. Faults in the upper crust are thought to sole into detachment faults that then transfer extension of the lower crust to another location. Faults are often considered passive or inert features where the hanging-wall slides ...
PPT NOTES_AP Biology Chapter 25 Notes
PPT NOTES_AP Biology Chapter 25 Notes

... Concept 25.4: The rise and fall of dominant groups reflect continental drift, mass extinctions, and adaptive radiations ...
Earths History Presentation
Earths History Presentation

... extensive area, preferably over the entire Earth, for relatively short periods of time. • Index fossils are useful in correlating the sedimentary rocks in which they are found. ...
Edible Tectonics - KMS 8th Science
Edible Tectonics - KMS 8th Science

... Convergent Plate Boundaries (when one plate is an ocean): • Mega-thrust earthquakes • Violently erupting volcanic mountains (which become islands if they form ...
Chapter_19_Lecture
Chapter_19_Lecture

... Early evolution of Earth Origin of planet Earth • Nebular hypothesis  About 5 billion years ago the nebula began to contract  Assumes a flat, disk shape with the protosun (pre-Sun) at the center  Inner planets begin to form from metallic and rocky clumps of substances with high melting points  ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

... Time to investigate! 1. Logon to Discovery Education. 2. Click on the assignment that says “Tectonic Forces” 3. Click “Start Here” at the bottom of the screen and listen to the information. Then, close out that window. 4. Click a boundary from the box that says “Choose a type of boundary” at the to ...
Volcanoes
Volcanoes

... sides  Mt. Fuji (Japan), St. Helens (USA)  Mount Vesuvius in Italy  Explode when they erupt ...
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Geophysics



Geophysics /dʒiːoʊfɪzɪks/ is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins go back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.
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