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Microscopy 1: Optical
Microscopy 1: Optical

...  To provide a magnified image  To observe features that are beyond the resolution of the human eyes (~100mm) ─ directly by light (optical) microscope using visible light ─ other microscopy imaging techniques use some other interaction probe and response signal (usually electrons) to provide the co ...
Time-of-flight optical ranging system based on time
Time-of-flight optical ranging system based on time

... system and was designed to permit maximum flexibility in the investigation of several different optical configurations. The optical axis defined by the V grooves lies 10 mm above the surface of the base plate and permits movement of the optical components only by rotation about or translation along ...
Measure the Distance Between Tracks of CD and DVD
Measure the Distance Between Tracks of CD and DVD

... exact wavelength is a critical parameter in reading the information, since the process is based on the interference between the beams reflected from different depths inside the recording media. In order for the new DVD machines to be able to read CD-ROM media, two separate optical pickups need to be ...
AN EXPERIMENT RESEARCH ON EXTEND THE RANGE OF
AN EXPERIMENT RESEARCH ON EXTEND THE RANGE OF

... We use a 1×2 Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) component as edge filter, which is based on thin film technology with high stability. Shift in the central wavelength can be changed into light intensity change, when it passes through the CWDM. Then the demodulation on wavelength shift cau ...
Plasmonic modes of gold nano-particle arrays on thin gold
Plasmonic modes of gold nano-particle arrays on thin gold

... Figure 1: (a) Sketch of the sample and measurement geometries. The samples are illuminated from the glass-substrate side, the transmitted light is collected by a 2.5x, 0.075 numerical aperture objective and analyzed by a spectrometer; (b) Exemplary SEM image; (c) Extinction spectra of particle array ...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of aqueous solutions using
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of aqueous solutions using

... of adsorbed polymers on mica. The main difference is, that the instrumentation described herein use only one source and has source and detector optimized for near-infrared spectroscopy. As shown in the schematic drawing, figure 1 , the add-on accessory is symmetrical around the beam splitter plane o ...
Urban - TEM aberration correction review
Urban - TEM aberration correction review

... The new contrast theory for aberrationThe basis for studying atomic structures by TEM corrected instruments shows that optimum conis the quantum mechanical interaction of the trast at a minimum point spread can be achieved incident electron wave field with the atomic by combining a small defocus wit ...
Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003 Beta - poster#2
Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003 Beta - poster#2

... (ca 7 nm for a 20-mer), and a fluorochrome molecule. The physical dimensions of the fluorochrome we use, Alexa 532, have not been determined but are likely to be on the order of several nm in diameter (Molecular Probes, Inc.). The practical upper limit to probe length is determined by the penetratio ...
Radio-frequency-induced optical gain in Pr :Y SiO
Radio-frequency-induced optical gain in Pr :Y SiO

... minima (or maxima) damp out as the RF pulse area increases. This is because each Pr ion has a slightly different Rabi frequency owing to inhomogeneous broadening on the u1& to u2& transition. The noise in the data is due to laser jitter. To see the Rabi flopping at high optical density, we adjusted ...
Photoelectron imaging of modal interference in
Photoelectron imaging of modal interference in

... photoelectron yield on the incident laser power (data not shown here) we conclude that the most dominant process is three-photon absorption. This high nonlinearity strongly enhances the photoemission contrast and makes PEEM very sensitive to small spatial variations of the electric field inside the ...
Defect-based Photonic Crystal Cavity for Silicon Laser PHYC/ECE 568
Defect-based Photonic Crystal Cavity for Silicon Laser PHYC/ECE 568

... where ês and êp are the polarization of the scattered beam and the pump beam, respectively. k0 is the wavevector of the Stokes beam, and V is the volume of the medium. Table 1 shows the common configuration for Raman scattering in silicon[4]. What has been discussed so far, Spontaneous Raman Scatt ...
The optical microscopy with virtual image breaks
The optical microscopy with virtual image breaks

... aperture is very low. It also takes a long time for scanning over a large sample area for a high resolution imaging. The diffraction limit can be also overcome by some other techniques, e.g. with surface-plasmon superlenses2, nanoscale solid-immersion-lens3, and molecular fluorescence microscopy4,5. ...
Orbital Dynamics of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Orbital Dynamics of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

... Next, the beam is expanded and collimated from the initial 5mm diameter to 12.4mm by the use of an expanding lens (3) with a 100mm focal length and a collimating lens (5) with a focal length of 250nm. The two lenses are positioned 350mm apart and an iris (4) is placed at the focal point between the ...
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... Also, as we would expect, when we use an impulsive driving potential to induce a free induction decay, i.e., E ( t − τ ) = E0δ ( t − τ ) , the polarization is directly proportional to the response function, which can be Fourier transformed to obtain the absorption lineshape. Nonlinear Polarization ...
Carrier capture times in 1.5 - Technion
Carrier capture times in 1.5 - Technion

... and fundamental reasons. It was suggested, only recently, that the capture time into the QWs is directly related to the nonlinear gain compression observed in these lasers.’ The nonlinear gain compression factor E is a phenomenological parameter that is inserted in the rate equations model of the la ...
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Measurement of The Nonlinear Refractive Index by Z

... The proteins which are made of amino acids, are very important compounds in our body. They make new cells, maintain muscles, support the immune system, etc. The two major groups of proteins in the human blood are albumin and globulin. Albumin is a protein, which is important for tissue growth, but i ...
Criteria for Optical Systems: Optical Path Difference • Optical Path
Criteria for Optical Systems: Optical Path Difference • Optical Path

... and the conductivity σ of the material ...
Regenerating evanescent waves from a silver superlens
Regenerating evanescent waves from a silver superlens

... of superlensing: regenerating the evanescent waves along the dispersion curve of surfaceplasmon resonance, because the concept provides a means of accessing the subwavelength information by future metamaterial superlenses. 3. Experiments and discussion ...
PROJECT TEM
PROJECT TEM

... and a Cs value of 1 µm, a theoretical cut-off value might be 1/qmax = 42 pm. The same microscope without a corrector would have Cs = 0.5 mm and thus a 200-pm cut-off Practically, the spherical aberrations are suppressed in the best, "aberration-corrected" microscopes. Their resolution is however lim ...
Spectroscopic Imaging using Terahertz Time-Domain Signals
Spectroscopic Imaging using Terahertz Time-Domain Signals

... extended their work to also extract the thickness, but only high index materials were considered [16]. In this work, we propose a new technique to determine simultaneously the thickness and the complex index of refraction of an unknown material. The THz-TDS system provides a time-domain signal of th ...
How does a confocal microscope work
How does a confocal microscope work

... Imagine we have some lenses inside the microscope, that focus light from the focal point of one lens to another point. This is represented by the blue rays of light in the above picture. The red rays of light represent light from another point in the sample, which is not at the focal point of the le ...
FRAUNHOFER and FRESNEL DIFFRACTION
FRAUNHOFER and FRESNEL DIFFRACTION

... With a point source and without lenses, we can satisfy the conditions for Fraunhofer diffraction by a particular object only if it is a sufficiently large distance from both the source and the observing screen. For a single slit of width b, the Fraunhofer condition without lenses requires both ρ and ...
Optical Fiber Communication
Optical Fiber Communication

... Plastic has more attenuation, and less bandwidth making it more suitable for shorter distances. ...
Fibre Optics Material Choice?
Fibre Optics Material Choice?

... Plastic has more attenuation, and less bandwidth making it more suitable for shorter distances. ...
In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and
In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and

... accordance with Bernoulli’s theorem, the maxima in the (timeaveraged) kinetic energy density of the standing wave correspond to minima in the pressure.20 Particles with diameters smaller than the wavelength of the sound are therefore levitated slightly below the pressure minima of the ultrasonic sta ...
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Vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy

The technique of vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy allows probing vibrational properties of materials at the submicrometer scale, and even of individual molecules. This is accomplished by integrating scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman scattering or/and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR). This combination allows for much higher spatial resolution than can be achieved with conventional Raman/FTIR instrumentation. The technique is also nondestructive, requires non-extensive sample preparation, and provides more contrast such as intensity contrast, polarization contrast and wavelength contrast, as well as providing specific chemical information and topography images simultaneously.
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